Microbiology: Beta Lactam Drugs

Azotreonam

- a "monobactam" - beta lactam drug but that DOES NOT AFFECT GRAM +, but gram - - only has ONE beta lactam ring

Carboxypenicillins (Ticarcillin)

- "Anti-pseudomonal penicillin" (Beta Lactam) - covers gram +, anaerobes & pseudomonas (a bacteria common in plants and is second most common nosocomial infection) -Warning: Bacteria's with penicillinase will inhibit this

Ureidopenicillin (Piperacillin)

- "Anti-pseudomonal penicillin" (Beta Lactam) - covers gram +, anaerobes & pseudomonas (a gram - bacteria common in plants and is second most nosocomial infection -Warning: Bacteria's with penicillinase will inhibit this

Clavulanic Acid

- "Beta Lactamase Inhibitor" - meaning it will inhibit the enzyme that destroys Beta Lactam, therefore extending the life of the antibiotic and its ability to destroy the bacteria's cell wall. But, requires pairing with... -Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, ticarcillan, pipercillan

Sulbactam & Tazobactum individually are

- "Beta Lactamase Inhibitor" - meaning it will inhibit the enzyme that destroys Beta Lactam, therefore extending the life of the antibiotic and its ability to destroy the bacteria's cell wall. But, requires pairing with... -Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, ticarcillan, pipercillan

Impenem

- a "carbapenem" - a beta lactam drug NOT inhibited by Beta Lactamase - covers gram +, gram-, anaerobes - passes through porin channel in gram - cells so it can bind to transpeptidase to destroy bacteria cell wall - very good broad coverage

Meropenem

- a "carbapenem" - a beta lactam drug NOT inhibited by Beta Lactamase - requires enzyme to be broken down by kidney and therefore must be paired with CILASTATIN

Amoxicillan

- a aminopenicillan (beta lactam) - covers gram + and some gram - (broad specctrum)

Ampicillan

- a aminopenicillan (beta lactam) - covers gram + and some gram - (broad specctrum)

Methicillan

-"penicillinase-resistance"- a beta lactam that is not damaged by penicillinase, a virulence factor in some bacteria - only gram + coverage

Nafcillin

-"penicillinase-resistance"- a beta lactam that is not damaged by penicillinase, a virulence factor in some bacteria - only gram + coverage

Oxacillin

-"penicillinase-resistance"- a beta lactam that is not damaged by penicillinase, a virulence factor in some bacteria - only gram + coverage

Cephalosporins

-a Beta Lactam drug for gram + -has 4 generations -the older the generation, the better gram + coverage 1 - Cephalaxen "ph" 2- Cefuroxime "fa" or "fur" 3- Ceftriaxone "tri" 4- Cefepime "fep"

Penicillan

-is a beta lactam -only covers gram + - is inhibited by penicillinase (bacteria has it)

Name four categories of Beta Lactam drugs

1. Penicillins 2. Cephalosporins 3. Carbapenems 4. Monobactam Note: all beta lactams are bacteriocidal

Define what Beta Lactam is

a property of antibiotics that can bind to transpeptidase and inhibit PG binding, thus destroying (usually gram +) cell walls