Microbiology: Beta Lactam Drugs
Azotreonam
- a "monobactam" - beta lactam drug but that DOES NOT AFFECT GRAM +, but gram - - only has ONE beta lactam ring
Carboxypenicillins (Ticarcillin)
- "Anti-pseudomonal penicillin" (Beta Lactam) - covers gram +, anaerobes & pseudomonas (a bacteria common in plants and is second most common nosocomial infection) -Warning: Bacteria's with penicillinase will inhibit this
Ureidopenicillin (Piperacillin)
- "Anti-pseudomonal penicillin" (Beta Lactam) - covers gram +, anaerobes & pseudomonas (a gram - bacteria common in plants and is second most nosocomial infection -Warning: Bacteria's with penicillinase will inhibit this
Clavulanic Acid
- "Beta Lactamase Inhibitor" - meaning it will inhibit the enzyme that destroys Beta Lactam, therefore extending the life of the antibiotic and its ability to destroy the bacteria's cell wall. But, requires pairing with... -Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, ticarcillan, pipercillan
Sulbactam & Tazobactum individually are
- "Beta Lactamase Inhibitor" - meaning it will inhibit the enzyme that destroys Beta Lactam, therefore extending the life of the antibiotic and its ability to destroy the bacteria's cell wall. But, requires pairing with... -Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, ticarcillan, pipercillan
Impenem
- a "carbapenem" - a beta lactam drug NOT inhibited by Beta Lactamase - covers gram +, gram-, anaerobes - passes through porin channel in gram - cells so it can bind to transpeptidase to destroy bacteria cell wall - very good broad coverage
Meropenem
- a "carbapenem" - a beta lactam drug NOT inhibited by Beta Lactamase - requires enzyme to be broken down by kidney and therefore must be paired with CILASTATIN
Amoxicillan
- a aminopenicillan (beta lactam) - covers gram + and some gram - (broad specctrum)
Ampicillan
- a aminopenicillan (beta lactam) - covers gram + and some gram - (broad specctrum)
Methicillan
-"penicillinase-resistance"- a beta lactam that is not damaged by penicillinase, a virulence factor in some bacteria - only gram + coverage
Nafcillin
-"penicillinase-resistance"- a beta lactam that is not damaged by penicillinase, a virulence factor in some bacteria - only gram + coverage
Oxacillin
-"penicillinase-resistance"- a beta lactam that is not damaged by penicillinase, a virulence factor in some bacteria - only gram + coverage
Cephalosporins
-a Beta Lactam drug for gram + -has 4 generations -the older the generation, the better gram + coverage 1 - Cephalaxen "ph" 2- Cefuroxime "fa" or "fur" 3- Ceftriaxone "tri" 4- Cefepime "fep"
Penicillan
-is a beta lactam -only covers gram + - is inhibited by penicillinase (bacteria has it)
Name four categories of Beta Lactam drugs
1. Penicillins 2. Cephalosporins 3. Carbapenems 4. Monobactam Note: all beta lactams are bacteriocidal
Define what Beta Lactam is
a property of antibiotics that can bind to transpeptidase and inhibit PG binding, thus destroying (usually gram +) cell walls
