Microbiology Ch 10/13 reviewThe goal of antimicrobial chemotherapy is difficult to achieve because ______.

Which of the following is an excellent target for selective drug toxicity?

Bacterial cell wall

Which of these antibiotics would be a good choice to treat an infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

Vancomycin

The overall goal of chemotherapy with antimicrobial drugs is to ______.

disrupt the processes or structures of a microbe

Which of the following are characteristics of ideal antimicrobial drugs?

does not lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance, selectively toxic to microbe but not host cells, is active in the infected target tissue

The ______ ______ technique is an agar diffusion test to determine antibiotic susceptibility of a particular bacterial strain.

kirby-bauer

Drugs that are selectively toxic should kill which cells?

microbial cells

The smallest concentration of a drug that visibly inhibits the growth of a microorganism is called the ______ concentration.

minimum inhibitory

The lowest concentration of a drug that visibly inhibits growth is called the , ____ _____ _____or MIC.

minimum inhibitory concentration

An antimicrobial that is effective against a limited array of microbial types is called a ____ spectrum drug.

narrow

Which of the following antibiotics is an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis?

penicillin

Which of the following are NOT characteristics of the ideal antimicrobial drug?

purified from organically grown ingredients, replaces host's own defenses

Drug failure may be attributed to an infection caused by more than one type of microbe, the inability of the drug to diffuse to the correct location in the body, or to the presence of ____ bacteria.

resistant

Most drugs that inhibit protein synthesis or translation block the action of the

ribosome

An excellent cellular structure that can be a target for selective drug toxicity is the bacterial cell__

wall

Which of the following are the three factors that should be known before selecting an antimicrobial drug?

1. the nature of the infecting agent2. the sensitivity of the infecting agent3. the overall health of the patient

Which of the following best describes the goal of antimicrobial chemotherapy?

Administer a drug to an infected person. The drug destroys the infective agent and has no harmful effect on the host cells.

Because these organs play an important part in metabolizing or excreting drugs, a physician will need to check for underlying____ or ______disease when prescribing antibiotics for a patient.

Kidney; liver

True or false: One reason that antibiotic treatment failure occurs is because the drug could not diffuse into the infected body part.

True

True or false: The nature and sensitivity of the microorganism and the overall medical condition of the patient need to be considered before antimicrobial treatment begins.

True

A(n) __ is an antimicrobial produced by natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can inhibit or kill other microorganisms.

antibiotic

The Kirby-Bauer technique is an agar diffusion test to determine___ susceptibility of a particular bacterial strain.

antibiotic

A natural metabolic product produced by bacteria and fungi to reduce competition for nutrients and space in their habitat is a(n) ______.

antibiotics

Drug susceptibility testing for fungal infections is generally not performed because

antifungals target all fungi

Regardless of its origin, any drug used to control infection can be described with the all-inclusive term ______.

antimicrobial

A general term for the use of drugs to control infection is ______

antimicrobial chemotherapy

Which type of chemotherapy involves the use of chemotherapeutic drugs to control infection and diseases caused by many types of microorganisms?

antimicrobial chemotherpay

Drug susceptibility testing for protozoan infections is generally not performed because ______.

antiprotozoal drugs targets all protozoans

An antimicrobial drug that is effective against a variety of different bacteria would have a ______ spectrum.

broad

If a particular antimicrobial drug is effective against a variety of different bacteria, it would have a(n) ____spectrum.

broad

Peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell envelope is an ideal target for antibiotics because ______.

human cells do not have peptidoglycan, and cell wall synthesis inhibitors are selectively toxic to bacteria

Penicillins exhibit low toxicity for human cells because ______.

human cells do not synthesize peptidoglycan, the target of penicillins

The property of an antimicrobial agent to be highly toxic against its target microbe while being far less toxic to the cells of the host organism is called ___ toxicity.

selective

Sulfonamides interfere with folate metabolism by blocking enzymes required for the synthesis of ______.

tetrahydrofolate

The goal of antimicrobial chemotherapy is difficult to achieve because ______.

the perfect antimicrobial drug does not exist

Antibiotics that affect nucleic acid synthesis specifically affect the processes of replication and

transcription