a&p lecture final
osmosis
Aquaporins are transmembrane proteins that promote ____.
the cauda equina
Below L2, the vertebral canal is occupied by a bundle of spinal nerve roots called ___.
hemangiomas
Birthmarks, or ___, are patches of skin discolored by benign tumors of the blood capillaries.
soleus
Both the gastrocnemius and ___ muscles insert on the heel by way of the calcaneal tendon.
the abductor digiti minimi
Both the hands and feet are acted upon by a muscle or muscles called ___.
7-dehydrocholesterol
Calcitriol is made from ___.
motor division
Carries signals from the CNS mainly to glands and muscle cells
sensory division
Carries signals from various receptors to the CNS
stratum corneum
Cells of the ___ are keratinized and dead.
central nervous system
Consists of the brain and spinal cord
false
A fascicle is a bundle of protein myofilaments within a muscle fiber.
a mass of clotted blood showing through the skin
A hematoma is ___.
elevation
A movement that raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane is called ____.
false
A muscle that works with another to produce te same or similar movement is called a companion muscle.
ligand-gated channel
An ion gate in the plasma membrane that opens and closes when a chemical binds to it is called a/an ____.
false
Mitosis is the process where gametes, sperm and egg cells, are produced.
the endoplamsic reticulum
Most cellular membranes are made by ____.
micrometers
Most human cells are 10 to 15 ____ in diameter.
true
Myofibrils are composed of myofilaments.
gamma motor neurons
Nerve fibers that adjust the tension in a muscle spindle are called ___.
false
The anterior half of the perineum is a region called the buccinator.
ischium
The bone that supports your body weight when you are sitting down is the ___.
false
The cervic nerves arise from the cervical plexus and innervate the diaphragm.
Resting Memebrane Potential (RMP)
The charge difference across the plasma membrane
cytosol
The clear, structureless gel in a cell is its ____.
fibroblasts
The collagen of areolar tissue is ___.
the biceps brachii
The rotator cuff includes the tendons of all of the following muscles except ____.
osteology
The study of bones is called ___.
bone deposition
The walls between cartilage lacunae break down in the zone of ___.
vibrissae
These guard the nostrils and ear canals; prevents foreign particles from entering easily.
zone of reverse cartilage
This region typically consists of hyaline cartilage with resting chondrocytes.
Second-degree
This type of burn involves the epidermis and dermis; can often lead to blistering.
glucose
This type of carbohydrate is a monosaccharide and is the energy source for most cells.
Muscle
This type of tissue is composed of elongated, excitable muscle cells specialized for contraction.
transverse foramina
Thoracic vertebrae do not have ___.
hyperextension
To bend backward at the waist involves ____ of the vertebral column.
recruitment
To make a muscle contract more strongly, the nervous system can activate more motor units. This process is called ___.
false
Translation occurs in a three step process called initiation, elongation, and transcription.
tertiary structure
the arrangement of a polypeptide into a fibrous or globular shape is called its ____.
meninges
the cranial cavity is lines by membranes called the ____.
superficial
the greater omentum is ____ to the small intestine.
different
the prefix hetero- means
cation
when an atom gives up an electron and aquires a positive charge, it is called a/an ____.
sister chromatids
Two genetically identical strands of a metaphase chromosome, joined at the centromere, are its ____.
anticodon
When a ribosome reads a codon on mRNA, it must bind to the ____ of a corresponding tRNA.
myoderm
Which is not a primary germ layer in embryonic tissue?
Uracil
Which is not found in DNA?
scapula
Which of the following bones are apart of the pectorial girdle?
apocrine gland
Which of the following is a scent gland?
areolar
Which of the following is not a type of deep connective tissue?
a synostosis
Which of the following is the least movable?
dorsiflexion and inversion
Which of the following movements are unique to the foot?
collagen
Which of the following muscle proteins is not intracellular?
teres major
Which of the following muscles does not contribute to the rotator cuff?
active transport
Which of the following processes could occur only in the plasma membrane of a living cell?
9
Which of the following ribs are not true ribs?
jaundice
Which of the following skin conditions or appearances would most likely result from liver failure?
rheumatism
Which of the following terms denotes a general condition that includes the other four?
cortex
Which of the following terms is least related to the rest?
adduction of the humerus
Which of these actions is not performed by the trapezius?
lacrimal
Which of these is a facial bone?
ectoderm
Which of these is a primary germ layer?
the cerebral aqueduct
Which of these is caudal to the hypothalamus?
temporal
Which of these is not a paranasal sinus?
pelvic
Which of these is not a region of the spinal cord?
genioglossus
Which of these is not a suprahyoid muscle?
calcaneous bone
Which of these is the bone of the heel?
levator ani
Which of these muscles of the pelvic floor is the deepest?
Small intestines
Which organ has a simple columnar epithelium, Goblet cells, and a brush border of microvilli?
the reticular activating system
While studying in a noisy cafeteria, you get sleepy and doze off for a few minutes. You awaken with a start and realize that all the cafeteria sounds have just "come back". While you were dozing, this auditory input was blocked from reaching your auditory cortex by ___.
an anion meets a cation
an ionic bond is formed when ___.
Versalis
which of the following people revolutionized the teaching of gross anatomy?
plantar
which of the following regions is not part of the upper limb?
liver
which of these organs are within the peritoneal cavity?
nervous system
Employs electrical and chemical means to send messages very quickly from cell to cell
RNA polymerase
Genetic transcription is performed by ___.
12
How many vertebrae are in the thoracic kyphosis?
cerebral hemispheres
If the telencephalon was removed from a five-week-old embryo, which of the following structures would fail to develope in the fetus?
is applied to the end opposite the fulcrum
In a second-class lever, the effort ___.
secondary structure
In this level of protein structures, an alpha helix or beta sheet is formed by hydrogen bonding.
Reverberating
In this type of circuit, neurons stimulate each other in a linear sequence from input to output neurons
ball-and-socket
Internal and external rotation of the humerus is made possible by a ____ joint.
Sacral Plexus
Is formed from the anterior rami of nerves L4, L5, and S1 through S4.
true
Metastasis is the process by which malignant cells escape from a primary tumor and travel in the blood or lymph allowing new tumors to grow in other localities.
plane joint
A ____ is an example of a biaxial joint.
nerve
A bundle of axons wrapped in fibrous connective tissue
true
A bundle of muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium is called a fascicle.
false
A circular muscle that closes a body opening is called an oris.
hypertonic
A concentrated solution that causes a cell to shrink is ____ to the cell.
Pia mater
A delicate, transparent membrane composed of one or two layers of squamous to cuboidal cells and delicate collagenous and elastic fibers.
substrate
A substance acted upon and changed by an enzyme is called the enzyme's ____.
junctional folds
ACh receptors are found mainly in ___.
cuboid
All of the following are carpal bones, except the ___, which is a tarsal bone.
pelvic
All of the following are group of vertebrae except for ___, which is a spinal kyphosis.
anabolism
All the synthesis reactions in the body form a division of metabolism called ____.
the myosin head
Before a skeletal muscle fiber can contract, ATP must bind to ____.
abducens
Damage to the ___ nerve could result in defects of eye movement.
epiphysis
One long bone meets another at its ___.
a spontaneous wrist fracture
One sign of osteoporosis is ___.
Proprioception
One's nonvisual sense of the position and movements of the body and its parts, coming from sensory nerve endings in the muscles, tendons, and joints.
blood cells
Osteoclasts are most closely related, by common descent, to ___.
true
Outside the CNS, the somas of neurons are clustered in swellings called ganglia.
false
Pleiotropy is a mutation that exhibits the prescence of extra fingers or toes.
pleiotropy
Production of more than one phenotypic trait by a single gene is called ____.
the S phase of cell cycle
Semiconservative replication occurs during ___.
myofibers
Skeletal muscle cells are usually called ___.
an abundance of glycogen
Slow oxidative fibers have all of the following except ___.
Microglia
Small macrophages that develope from monocytes
calmodulin
Smooth muscle cells have ___, whereas skeletal muscle fibers do not.
Multipolar Neurons
Structures that have one axon and multiple dendrites
Anaxonic Neurons
Structures that have zero axons, but multiple dendrites
a Na+ concentration gradient
The cotransport of glucose derives energy from ____.
ossification
The formation of bone is called ___.
teeth
The integumentary system consists of the all but which of the following:
myeloid tissue
The marrow cavity of an adult bone may contain ___.
erythrocytes
The most abundant formed element(s) of blood is/are ___.
plantar flexion
The movement of the foot so that the toes point downward is called ____.
true
The nonvisual awareness of the body's position and movements is called propriocepton.
epineurium
The outermost connective tissue wrapping a nerve is called the ___.
Filtration
The process in which a physical pressure forces fluid through a selectively permeable membrane.
calcification
The process of osseous tissue hardening is called
descending corticospinal fibers
The pyramids of the medulla oblongata contain ___.
gap junctions
Unitary smooth muscle cells can stimulate each other because they have ___.
the urinary system
Urothelium is found in ___.
Voltage-gated channels
What channel protein responds to changes in electrical potential across the plasma membrane?
Tactile cells
___ are skin cells with a sensory role.
Connective tissues
___ are the most abundant, widely distributed, and histologically variable of the primary tissues.
Tight junctions
___ prevents fluids from seeping between epithelial cells.
palpation
____ means studying anatomy by touch.
-COOH
a carboxyl group is symbolized as
hydrophilic
a substance capable of dissolving freely in water is ___.
gross anatomy
structure that can be observed with the naked eye is called what?
cells
the simplest structures considered to be alive are___.
Mediastinum
the thoracic cavity is divided by a thick median wall called the
hydrogen bonds
the weakest and most temporary of the following chemical bonds are?