a&p lecture final

osmosis

Aquaporins are transmembrane proteins that promote ____.

the cauda equina

Below L2, the vertebral canal is occupied by a bundle of spinal nerve roots called ___.

hemangiomas

Birthmarks, or ___, are patches of skin discolored by benign tumors of the blood capillaries.

soleus

Both the gastrocnemius and ___ muscles insert on the heel by way of the calcaneal tendon.

the abductor digiti minimi

Both the hands and feet are acted upon by a muscle or muscles called ___.

7-dehydrocholesterol

Calcitriol is made from ___.

motor division

Carries signals from the CNS mainly to glands and muscle cells

sensory division

Carries signals from various receptors to the CNS

stratum corneum

Cells of the ___ are keratinized and dead.

central nervous system

Consists of the brain and spinal cord

false

A fascicle is a bundle of protein myofilaments within a muscle fiber.

a mass of clotted blood showing through the skin

A hematoma is ___.

elevation

A movement that raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane is called ____.

false

A muscle that works with another to produce te same or similar movement is called a companion muscle.

ligand-gated channel

An ion gate in the plasma membrane that opens and closes when a chemical binds to it is called a/an ____.

false

Mitosis is the process where gametes, sperm and egg cells, are produced.

the endoplamsic reticulum

Most cellular membranes are made by ____.

micrometers

Most human cells are 10 to 15 ____ in diameter.

true

Myofibrils are composed of myofilaments.

gamma motor neurons

Nerve fibers that adjust the tension in a muscle spindle are called ___.

false

The anterior half of the perineum is a region called the buccinator.

ischium

The bone that supports your body weight when you are sitting down is the ___.

false

The cervic nerves arise from the cervical plexus and innervate the diaphragm.

Resting Memebrane Potential (RMP)

The charge difference across the plasma membrane

cytosol

The clear, structureless gel in a cell is its ____.

fibroblasts

The collagen of areolar tissue is ___.

the biceps brachii

The rotator cuff includes the tendons of all of the following muscles except ____.

osteology

The study of bones is called ___.

bone deposition

The walls between cartilage lacunae break down in the zone of ___.

vibrissae

These guard the nostrils and ear canals; prevents foreign particles from entering easily.

zone of reverse cartilage

This region typically consists of hyaline cartilage with resting chondrocytes.

Second-degree

This type of burn involves the epidermis and dermis; can often lead to blistering.

glucose

This type of carbohydrate is a monosaccharide and is the energy source for most cells.

Muscle

This type of tissue is composed of elongated, excitable muscle cells specialized for contraction.

transverse foramina

Thoracic vertebrae do not have ___.

hyperextension

To bend backward at the waist involves ____ of the vertebral column.

recruitment

To make a muscle contract more strongly, the nervous system can activate more motor units. This process is called ___.

false

Translation occurs in a three step process called initiation, elongation, and transcription.

tertiary structure

the arrangement of a polypeptide into a fibrous or globular shape is called its ____.

meninges

the cranial cavity is lines by membranes called the ____.

superficial

the greater omentum is ____ to the small intestine.

different

the prefix hetero- means

cation

when an atom gives up an electron and aquires a positive charge, it is called a/an ____.

sister chromatids

Two genetically identical strands of a metaphase chromosome, joined at the centromere, are its ____.

anticodon

When a ribosome reads a codon on mRNA, it must bind to the ____ of a corresponding tRNA.

myoderm

Which is not a primary germ layer in embryonic tissue?

Uracil

Which is not found in DNA?

scapula

Which of the following bones are apart of the pectorial girdle?

apocrine gland

Which of the following is a scent gland?

areolar

Which of the following is not a type of deep connective tissue?

a synostosis

Which of the following is the least movable?

dorsiflexion and inversion

Which of the following movements are unique to the foot?

collagen

Which of the following muscle proteins is not intracellular?

teres major

Which of the following muscles does not contribute to the rotator cuff?

active transport

Which of the following processes could occur only in the plasma membrane of a living cell?

9

Which of the following ribs are not true ribs?

jaundice

Which of the following skin conditions or appearances would most likely result from liver failure?

rheumatism

Which of the following terms denotes a general condition that includes the other four?

cortex

Which of the following terms is least related to the rest?

adduction of the humerus

Which of these actions is not performed by the trapezius?

lacrimal

Which of these is a facial bone?

ectoderm

Which of these is a primary germ layer?

the cerebral aqueduct

Which of these is caudal to the hypothalamus?

temporal

Which of these is not a paranasal sinus?

pelvic

Which of these is not a region of the spinal cord?

genioglossus

Which of these is not a suprahyoid muscle?

calcaneous bone

Which of these is the bone of the heel?

levator ani

Which of these muscles of the pelvic floor is the deepest?

Small intestines

Which organ has a simple columnar epithelium, Goblet cells, and a brush border of microvilli?

the reticular activating system

While studying in a noisy cafeteria, you get sleepy and doze off for a few minutes. You awaken with a start and realize that all the cafeteria sounds have just "come back". While you were dozing, this auditory input was blocked from reaching your auditory cortex by ___.

an anion meets a cation

an ionic bond is formed when ___.

Versalis

which of the following people revolutionized the teaching of gross anatomy?

plantar

which of the following regions is not part of the upper limb?

liver

which of these organs are within the peritoneal cavity?

nervous system

Employs electrical and chemical means to send messages very quickly from cell to cell

RNA polymerase

Genetic transcription is performed by ___.

12

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic kyphosis?

cerebral hemispheres

If the telencephalon was removed from a five-week-old embryo, which of the following structures would fail to develope in the fetus?

is applied to the end opposite the fulcrum

In a second-class lever, the effort ___.

secondary structure

In this level of protein structures, an alpha helix or beta sheet is formed by hydrogen bonding.

Reverberating

In this type of circuit, neurons stimulate each other in a linear sequence from input to output neurons

ball-and-socket

Internal and external rotation of the humerus is made possible by a ____ joint.

Sacral Plexus

Is formed from the anterior rami of nerves L4, L5, and S1 through S4.

true

Metastasis is the process by which malignant cells escape from a primary tumor and travel in the blood or lymph allowing new tumors to grow in other localities.

plane joint

A ____ is an example of a biaxial joint.

nerve

A bundle of axons wrapped in fibrous connective tissue

true

A bundle of muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium is called a fascicle.

false

A circular muscle that closes a body opening is called an oris.

hypertonic

A concentrated solution that causes a cell to shrink is ____ to the cell.

Pia mater

A delicate, transparent membrane composed of one or two layers of squamous to cuboidal cells and delicate collagenous and elastic fibers.

substrate

A substance acted upon and changed by an enzyme is called the enzyme's ____.

junctional folds

ACh receptors are found mainly in ___.

cuboid

All of the following are carpal bones, except the ___, which is a tarsal bone.

pelvic

All of the following are group of vertebrae except for ___, which is a spinal kyphosis.

anabolism

All the synthesis reactions in the body form a division of metabolism called ____.

the myosin head

Before a skeletal muscle fiber can contract, ATP must bind to ____.

abducens

Damage to the ___ nerve could result in defects of eye movement.

epiphysis

One long bone meets another at its ___.

a spontaneous wrist fracture

One sign of osteoporosis is ___.

Proprioception

One's nonvisual sense of the position and movements of the body and its parts, coming from sensory nerve endings in the muscles, tendons, and joints.

blood cells

Osteoclasts are most closely related, by common descent, to ___.

true

Outside the CNS, the somas of neurons are clustered in swellings called ganglia.

false

Pleiotropy is a mutation that exhibits the prescence of extra fingers or toes.

pleiotropy

Production of more than one phenotypic trait by a single gene is called ____.

the S phase of cell cycle

Semiconservative replication occurs during ___.

myofibers

Skeletal muscle cells are usually called ___.

an abundance of glycogen

Slow oxidative fibers have all of the following except ___.

Microglia

Small macrophages that develope from monocytes

calmodulin

Smooth muscle cells have ___, whereas skeletal muscle fibers do not.

Multipolar Neurons

Structures that have one axon and multiple dendrites

Anaxonic Neurons

Structures that have zero axons, but multiple dendrites

a Na+ concentration gradient

The cotransport of glucose derives energy from ____.

ossification

The formation of bone is called ___.

teeth

The integumentary system consists of the all but which of the following:

myeloid tissue

The marrow cavity of an adult bone may contain ___.

erythrocytes

The most abundant formed element(s) of blood is/are ___.

plantar flexion

The movement of the foot so that the toes point downward is called ____.

true

The nonvisual awareness of the body's position and movements is called propriocepton.

epineurium

The outermost connective tissue wrapping a nerve is called the ___.

Filtration

The process in which a physical pressure forces fluid through a selectively permeable membrane.

calcification

The process of osseous tissue hardening is called

descending corticospinal fibers

The pyramids of the medulla oblongata contain ___.

gap junctions

Unitary smooth muscle cells can stimulate each other because they have ___.

the urinary system

Urothelium is found in ___.

Voltage-gated channels

What channel protein responds to changes in electrical potential across the plasma membrane?

Tactile cells

___ are skin cells with a sensory role.

Connective tissues

___ are the most abundant, widely distributed, and histologically variable of the primary tissues.

Tight junctions

___ prevents fluids from seeping between epithelial cells.

palpation

____ means studying anatomy by touch.

-COOH

a carboxyl group is symbolized as

hydrophilic

a substance capable of dissolving freely in water is ___.

gross anatomy

structure that can be observed with the naked eye is called what?

cells

the simplest structures considered to be alive are___.

Mediastinum

the thoracic cavity is divided by a thick median wall called the

hydrogen bonds

the weakest and most temporary of the following chemical bonds are?