Microbiology Chapter 1
Which of the following are prokaryotic organisms?
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What is a helminth? a unicellular pahtogen a parasitic worm a filamentous stage in fungal life cycle a prokaryotic cell that lives in harsh enviorments.
A parasitic worm; p. 2
Which photosynthetic single-cleed or multicellular microorganisms are often found in aquatic environments? bacteira plants algae
Algae
Who developed the first single-lens microscope? Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Louis Pasteur Ignaz Semmelweis Robert Koch
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Which are the three domains of the Woese-Fox system of classification? Archaea, bacteria, eukarya, prokarya, monera
Archaea, bacteria, eukarya; p.24
______________are prokaryotic organisms that are often found growing in extreme enviorments
Archaeons. p.24
Which of the following could be considered nomenclature? Assigning a name to a new isolate of Salmonella based on its geography (Salmonella arizona) -grouping species of bacteria into the genus Salmonella based on relationships between them determining that Salmonella species are capable of producing hydrogen sulfide
Assigning a name to a new isolate of Salmonella based on its geography (Salmonella arizona)
_____ are small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms
Bacteria
What are the three domains of the Woese-Fox system of classification? Monera Bacteria Achaea Eukarya Prokarya
Bacteria, archaea, eukarya; p.24
Bacteria, such as Staphylococcus, belong to the Domain_______.
Bacteria.
In the ________system of nomenclature, organisms are assigned and identified by a two-word name representing the genus and species names.
Binomial
Which of the following is the decomposition of harmful chemicals by microbes? Bioremediation Fermentation Pasteurization.
Bioremediation
Which of the following are criteria used by the Whittaker system to classify organisms? cell type, nutritional type, cell structure, DNA sequence, body organzation, 16s rRNA sequences
Cell type, nutritional type, cell structure, body organization
Which of the following is the orderly arrangement of organisms into groups that indicate evolutionary relationships and history? Nomenclature, identification, classification
Classification
In the Woese-Fox system of classification, the most general category to which any organism is assigned is the __________.
Domain
Which of the following are divisions of microbiology that are studied by microbiologist? Environment, industrial microbiology, horticulture,microbial genetics, agriculture production
Environment, industrial microbiology, microbial genetics, agriculture production; p.3
Which of the following are contributions made by Koch to the development of microbiology? Relizationt hat hand washing reduced the chance of disease. Establishment of a series of proofs that verified the germ theory disease. Identification of the agent responsible for causing anthrax. Invention of pasteurization for the preservation for the preservation of food establishment of techniques for the growing of microorganisms in culture Development of modern aseptic technique practices in surgery.
Establishment of a series of proofs that verified the germ theory disease. Identification of the agent responsible for causing anthrax establishment of techniques for the growing of microorganisms in culture p.18
In the Woese-Fox system, Domain_________includes the plants, animal, fungi, and protozoa.
Eukarya
In the Woese-fox system, Domain_______includes the plants, animals, fungi, and protozoa.
Eukarya
Protozoa are found in what domain in the Woese-Fox system? archaea eukarya bacteria
Eukarya
______cells possess a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic
True or false: All members of the Kingdom Monera in the Whittaker system became a part of the Bacteria domain in the Woese-Fox system.
False
________ are heterotrophic unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organisms including yeast, molds, mushroom.
Fungi
Yeasts are members of the Kingdom_______ and Domain__________
Fungi; Eukarya.
The____ theory of disease, first proposed in the 1800s, stated that microorganisms could cause infection and illness.
Germ
The term defines the organism in/on which smaller organisms (or viruses) live, feed and reproduce? parasite, virus, host
Host
A (n)_____ is a tentative explanation of an observation.
Hypotheses
The realization that hand washing reduces the chance of disease was a contribution by_____ ______ and ______ ________ _______.
Ignaz Semmelweis; Oliver Wendell Holmes
________dieases, caused by microorganisms, are among the most common causes of death in much of the world population.
Infectious
Put these levels of classification in order from the most general to most specific
Kingdom-> genus-> species
Who developed a series of proofs that verified the germ theory and could be used to determine which organism caused which disease?
Koch; p.18
Joseph______ first promoted the use of disinfecting agents during surgery.
Lister; p.17
Who first promoted the use of disinfecting agents in surgical operating rooms? Semmelweis Koch Van Leeuwenhoek Lister
Lister; p.17
In the Whittaker system, all prokaryotes belong in the Kingdom__________. Bacteria archae protista monera
Monera
Microbiology has many branches of study, including _________ which is the detailed study of fungi.
Mycology
__________ is the biochemical process that uses the sun's energy to produce high-energy glucose from low-energy carbon dioxide water
Photosynthesis
Which are the five kingdoms in the Whittaker system of classification? Plantae, archaea, monera, animalia, protista, eukarya, fungi
Plantae,monera, animalia, protista,fungi
In the traditional Whittaker system, algae are found in the Kingdom__________. PLantae Animalia Protista Myceteae Monera
Protista
What are the five kingdoms in the Whittaker system of classification? protista, monera, plantae, eukarya, archaea, animila, fungi
Protista, monera, plantae, animilia, fungi
Alage and protist are both members of Whittaker's Kingdom _____.
Protista.
Non-green algae are classified in the Kingdom ___________
Protista; p.22
Which of the following are single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall? bacteria, fungi, viruses, protists
Protists
Which of the following could be considered identification? grouping species of bacteria into the genus Salmonella based on relationship between them assigning a name to a ne species of Salmonella based on its geography (Salmonella arizona)
Recognizing Salmonella species based on their ability to produce hydrogen sulfide
________DNA technology is used to switch genetic material from one organism to another in order to produce desirable proteins.
Recombinant; p.9
Put these in order by size from largest to smallest.
Reproductive structures of mold, colonial alga, bacteria, viruses
Which of the following are prokaryotic microbes? S. aureus bacteria plants fungi, archaea
S. aureus bacteria, arachaea
An environment or material that is completely free forms (including spores) and virus particles is referred to as _______.
Sterile
What is a collection of statements, propositions, or concepts that explains or accounts for a natural event? hypothesis, theory, experiment, law
Theory
Which is true regarding evolutionary theory? The environment contributes to a change in the DNA and specific traits of an individual Those traits that favor survival are passed on.
Those traits that favor survival are passed on.
Microorganisms are_______, meaning they are found in all natural habitats as well as in most artificial habitats created by humans.
Ubiquitous
________are infectious agents that are not classified into any level of either the Woese-Fox or the Whittaker system.
Viruses
A good hypothesis must be: true in al related situations able to be supported or rejected by experimentation tested once to determine its complete validity developed from scientific theory
able to be supported or rejected by experimentation; p.14
Which are the five kingdom int he Whitaker system of classification? all that apply eukarya archaea animalia protista plantae monera fungi
animalia protista plantae monera fungi
All members of the Kingdom Monera int he Whittaker system became a part of either the _______domain or the __________domain int he Woese-Fox system.
arachaea; bacteria; p.24
As recently as the late 1800s, doctors did not practice_______techniques in surgical settings.
aseptic (aseptic techniques used int he medical setting reduce the number of potential pathogens.p.17
Which of the following microorganisms represent prokaryotic cell types? bacteria, alage, viruses, protists
bacteria
_____are small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms
bacteria
Which microbe(s) would NOT have a true nucleus? protozoa bacteria algae yeast
bacteria; p.2
Taxonomy involves_____and______living things (all that apply) classifying, naming, searching for controlling
classifying, naming
In the deductive approach to the scientific method, which of the following is the first step? outlining particular events predicted by a hypothesis constructing a hypothesis to explain what has been observed or measured performing experiments to test for particular events
constructing a hypothesis to explain what been observed or measure
Genetic__________, or recombinant DNA technology, is a method of deliberately modifying the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products.
engineering
Which type of organism possess a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and undergoes mitotic cell division?
eukaryotic
Fungi, protozoans, and helminths are all composed of_______________cells, whereas bacteria and archaea are composed of___________cell
eukaryoticp; prokaryotic
Which type of organism can derive all of the nutrients and factors it requires in order to reproduce from the environment? parasite prokaryotic organism free-living organism virus
free-living organism; p.10
Which of the following microorganisms are made up of eukaryotic cells? Helminths, viruses, fungi, archaea, protozoans, bacteria
helminths, fungi, protozoans
In the deductive process, the statement " if the______is valid, then certain specific______ can be expected to occur. events/ hypothesis hypothesis; events
hypothesis; events
Which term best describes a disease caused by a microorganism? infectious nosocomial communicable
infectious
All bacteria would be placed into the same____, one of the five groupings in the Whittaker system of classification.
kingdom
List these levels in the hiearchy of clasification fromt he most general to least general kingdom, family, class, genus, species
kingdom, class, family, genus, species
In the Whittaker system, organisms were divided into one of the five______ kingdoms phylums species domains
kingdoms; p. 7
_____organisms can be visualized by the naked eye all prokaryotic microscopic macroscopic
macroscopic
The unit of measurement for most bacterial cell is_____ and most viruses is_________. micrometers; nanometers milimeters; nanometers nanometers; micrometers micrometers; micrometers.
micrometers; nanometers.
"Microbes" and '______' are terms that can be used interchangegeably
microorganisms
The germ theory of disease stated that: life only comes from existing life all human diseases are caused by infectious agents microorganisms could cause infection and disease handwashing is the best means to prevent disease
microorganisms could cause infection and disease
The development of the ______ established the science of microbiology by providing a means by which microorganism could be viewed
microscope
Organisms that are only visible with the aid of a microscope are referred to as
microscopic
Microorganisms: can be see with the naked eye must be visualized using a microscope
must be visualized using a microscope
Which of the following are major branches of study in microbiology? Zoology mycology virology bacteriology
mycology, virology, bacteriology; p.4
The principle of evolution states that living things change gradually over time through: biogenesis spontaneous generation Darwinism Natural selection
natural selection; p.21
Small, membrane-bound components found inside of an eukaryotic cell, such as mitochondria and lysosomes, reffered to as: systems nuclei organs organelles
organelles
In most cases, a free-living organism could be considered the opposite of a __________ organism.
parasitic
A (n) _____ is the term used forany infectious agent that causes disease, suchas parasites, bacteria, and viruses
pathogen
Kocj's four_______are a series of proofs that establish whether an organism is pathogenic and which disease it causes.
postulates; p.18
All____are microorganisms, but not all_______are microorganisms. eukaryotes; prokaryotes prokaryotes; eukarytoes
prokaryotes; eukaryotes
A (n) ____cell will not contain organelles, such as mitochondria or a nucleus eukaryotic, huma, prokaryotic, plant
prokaryotic
Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles, and divides by binary fission? eukaryotic prokaryotic
prokaryotic
Using the Whittaker system, the protozoan Entamoeba histolytic, which causes dysentery, classified in what kingdom? eukarya protista protozoa
protista
In the traditional Whittaker system, algae are found in the Kingdom Protista, animalia, myceteae, monera, plantae
protista; p.22
Which mircobe (s) have a true nucleus? (check all that apply) archae, protists, virus, prion, yeast
protists, yeast
Microbiology involves the study of microscopic organisms, including protozoa, fungi, helminths, archae, viruses, bacteria. fleas
protozoa, fungi, helminths, archae, viruses, bacteria
Tuberculosis, influenza and malaria are older diseases that have been known for a long time are now increasing in occurrence; diseases with this pattern occurrence specifically referred to as ___________disease.
reemerging; p.11
Put these in order by size from largest to smallest
reproductive structures of mold, colonial alga, bacteria, viruses; p.7
In both classification systems, the ________________is the most specific level of organization and is immediately under the genus
species
Which event helped establish the science of microbiology? the development of the microscope the discovery of DNNA the organization of life into taxonomic hierarchies.
the development of the microscope
Which of the following is true about prokaryotic microorganisms? They lack cellular organelles they are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells. they contain a nucleus they are generally larger than eukaryotic cells.
they lack cellular organelles they are genrally smaller than eukaryotic cells
Which of the following describe fungi? check all that apply prokaryotic unicellular or multicellular always multicellular autotrophic eukaryotic heterotrophic
unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophic
What microbe is not cellular (acellular) and is composed of nucleic acid surrounding by a protein coat?
virus
The major type of microorganisms include: plants, viruses, algae, bacteria, animals, fungi, protozoa
viruses, alage, bacteria, fungi, protozoa
The major groups of microbes include the_____, fungi, _____, protozoa, algae, archaea, and helminths
viruses, bacteria