Microbiology Chapter 1

Which of the following are prokaryotic organisms?

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What is a helminth? a unicellular pahtogen a parasitic worm a filamentous stage in fungal life cycle a prokaryotic cell that lives in harsh enviorments.

A parasitic worm; p. 2

Which photosynthetic single-cleed or multicellular microorganisms are often found in aquatic environments? bacteira plants algae

Algae

Who developed the first single-lens microscope? Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Louis Pasteur Ignaz Semmelweis Robert Koch

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Which are the three domains of the Woese-Fox system of classification? Archaea, bacteria, eukarya, prokarya, monera

Archaea, bacteria, eukarya; p.24

______________are prokaryotic organisms that are often found growing in extreme enviorments

Archaeons. p.24

Which of the following could be considered nomenclature? Assigning a name to a new isolate of Salmonella based on its geography (Salmonella arizona) -grouping species of bacteria into the genus Salmonella based on relationships between them determining that Salmonella species are capable of producing hydrogen sulfide

Assigning a name to a new isolate of Salmonella based on its geography (Salmonella arizona)

_____ are small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms

Bacteria

What are the three domains of the Woese-Fox system of classification? Monera Bacteria Achaea Eukarya Prokarya

Bacteria, archaea, eukarya; p.24

Bacteria, such as Staphylococcus, belong to the Domain_______.

Bacteria.

In the ________system of nomenclature, organisms are assigned and identified by a two-word name representing the genus and species names.

Binomial

Which of the following is the decomposition of harmful chemicals by microbes? Bioremediation Fermentation Pasteurization.

Bioremediation

Which of the following are criteria used by the Whittaker system to classify organisms? cell type, nutritional type, cell structure, DNA sequence, body organzation, 16s rRNA sequences

Cell type, nutritional type, cell structure, body organization

Which of the following is the orderly arrangement of organisms into groups that indicate evolutionary relationships and history? Nomenclature, identification, classification

Classification

In the Woese-Fox system of classification, the most general category to which any organism is assigned is the __________.

Domain

Which of the following are divisions of microbiology that are studied by microbiologist? Environment, industrial microbiology, horticulture,microbial genetics, agriculture production

Environment, industrial microbiology, microbial genetics, agriculture production; p.3

Which of the following are contributions made by Koch to the development of microbiology? Relizationt hat hand washing reduced the chance of disease. Establishment of a series of proofs that verified the germ theory disease. Identification of the agent responsible for causing anthrax. Invention of pasteurization for the preservation for the preservation of food establishment of techniques for the growing of microorganisms in culture Development of modern aseptic technique practices in surgery.

Establishment of a series of proofs that verified the germ theory disease. Identification of the agent responsible for causing anthrax establishment of techniques for the growing of microorganisms in culture p.18

In the Woese-Fox system, Domain_________includes the plants, animal, fungi, and protozoa.

Eukarya

In the Woese-fox system, Domain_______includes the plants, animals, fungi, and protozoa.

Eukarya

Protozoa are found in what domain in the Woese-Fox system? archaea eukarya bacteria

Eukarya

______cells possess a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

Eukaryotic

True or false: All members of the Kingdom Monera in the Whittaker system became a part of the Bacteria domain in the Woese-Fox system.

False

________ are heterotrophic unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organisms including yeast, molds, mushroom.

Fungi

Yeasts are members of the Kingdom_______ and Domain__________

Fungi; Eukarya.

The____ theory of disease, first proposed in the 1800s, stated that microorganisms could cause infection and illness.

Germ

The term defines the organism in/on which smaller organisms (or viruses) live, feed and reproduce? parasite, virus, host

Host

A (n)_____ is a tentative explanation of an observation.

Hypotheses

The realization that hand washing reduces the chance of disease was a contribution by_____ ______ and ______ ________ _______.

Ignaz Semmelweis; Oliver Wendell Holmes

________dieases, caused by microorganisms, are among the most common causes of death in much of the world population.

Infectious

Put these levels of classification in order from the most general to most specific

Kingdom-> genus-> species

Who developed a series of proofs that verified the germ theory and could be used to determine which organism caused which disease?

Koch; p.18

Joseph______ first promoted the use of disinfecting agents during surgery.

Lister; p.17

Who first promoted the use of disinfecting agents in surgical operating rooms? Semmelweis Koch Van Leeuwenhoek Lister

Lister; p.17

In the Whittaker system, all prokaryotes belong in the Kingdom__________. Bacteria archae protista monera

Monera

Microbiology has many branches of study, including _________ which is the detailed study of fungi.

Mycology

__________ is the biochemical process that uses the sun's energy to produce high-energy glucose from low-energy carbon dioxide water

Photosynthesis

Which are the five kingdoms in the Whittaker system of classification? Plantae, archaea, monera, animalia, protista, eukarya, fungi

Plantae,monera, animalia, protista,fungi

In the traditional Whittaker system, algae are found in the Kingdom__________. PLantae Animalia Protista Myceteae Monera

Protista

What are the five kingdoms in the Whittaker system of classification? protista, monera, plantae, eukarya, archaea, animila, fungi

Protista, monera, plantae, animilia, fungi

Alage and protist are both members of Whittaker's Kingdom _____.

Protista.

Non-green algae are classified in the Kingdom ___________

Protista; p.22

Which of the following are single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall? bacteria, fungi, viruses, protists

Protists

Which of the following could be considered identification? grouping species of bacteria into the genus Salmonella based on relationship between them assigning a name to a ne species of Salmonella based on its geography (Salmonella arizona)

Recognizing Salmonella species based on their ability to produce hydrogen sulfide

________DNA technology is used to switch genetic material from one organism to another in order to produce desirable proteins.

Recombinant; p.9

Put these in order by size from largest to smallest.

Reproductive structures of mold, colonial alga, bacteria, viruses

Which of the following are prokaryotic microbes? S. aureus bacteria plants fungi, archaea

S. aureus bacteria, arachaea

An environment or material that is completely free forms (including spores) and virus particles is referred to as _______.

Sterile

What is a collection of statements, propositions, or concepts that explains or accounts for a natural event? hypothesis, theory, experiment, law

Theory

Which is true regarding evolutionary theory? The environment contributes to a change in the DNA and specific traits of an individual Those traits that favor survival are passed on.

Those traits that favor survival are passed on.

Microorganisms are_______, meaning they are found in all natural habitats as well as in most artificial habitats created by humans.

Ubiquitous

________are infectious agents that are not classified into any level of either the Woese-Fox or the Whittaker system.

Viruses

A good hypothesis must be: true in al related situations able to be supported or rejected by experimentation tested once to determine its complete validity developed from scientific theory

able to be supported or rejected by experimentation; p.14

Which are the five kingdom int he Whitaker system of classification? all that apply eukarya archaea animalia protista plantae monera fungi

animalia protista plantae monera fungi

All members of the Kingdom Monera int he Whittaker system became a part of either the _______domain or the __________domain int he Woese-Fox system.

arachaea; bacteria; p.24

As recently as the late 1800s, doctors did not practice_______techniques in surgical settings.

aseptic (aseptic techniques used int he medical setting reduce the number of potential pathogens.p.17

Which of the following microorganisms represent prokaryotic cell types? bacteria, alage, viruses, protists

bacteria

_____are small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms

bacteria

Which microbe(s) would NOT have a true nucleus? protozoa bacteria algae yeast

bacteria; p.2

Taxonomy involves_____and______living things (all that apply) classifying, naming, searching for controlling

classifying, naming

In the deductive approach to the scientific method, which of the following is the first step? outlining particular events predicted by a hypothesis constructing a hypothesis to explain what has been observed or measured performing experiments to test for particular events

constructing a hypothesis to explain what been observed or measure

Genetic__________, or recombinant DNA technology, is a method of deliberately modifying the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products.

engineering

Which type of organism possess a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and undergoes mitotic cell division?

eukaryotic

Fungi, protozoans, and helminths are all composed of_______________cells, whereas bacteria and archaea are composed of___________cell

eukaryoticp; prokaryotic

Which type of organism can derive all of the nutrients and factors it requires in order to reproduce from the environment? parasite prokaryotic organism free-living organism virus

free-living organism; p.10

Which of the following microorganisms are made up of eukaryotic cells? Helminths, viruses, fungi, archaea, protozoans, bacteria

helminths, fungi, protozoans

In the deductive process, the statement " if the______is valid, then certain specific______ can be expected to occur. events/ hypothesis hypothesis; events

hypothesis; events

Which term best describes a disease caused by a microorganism? infectious nosocomial communicable

infectious

All bacteria would be placed into the same____, one of the five groupings in the Whittaker system of classification.

kingdom

List these levels in the hiearchy of clasification fromt he most general to least general kingdom, family, class, genus, species

kingdom, class, family, genus, species

In the Whittaker system, organisms were divided into one of the five______ kingdoms phylums species domains

kingdoms; p. 7

_____organisms can be visualized by the naked eye all prokaryotic microscopic macroscopic

macroscopic

The unit of measurement for most bacterial cell is_____ and most viruses is_________. micrometers; nanometers milimeters; nanometers nanometers; micrometers micrometers; micrometers.

micrometers; nanometers.

"Microbes" and '______' are terms that can be used interchangegeably

microorganisms

The germ theory of disease stated that: life only comes from existing life all human diseases are caused by infectious agents microorganisms could cause infection and disease handwashing is the best means to prevent disease

microorganisms could cause infection and disease

The development of the ______ established the science of microbiology by providing a means by which microorganism could be viewed

microscope

Organisms that are only visible with the aid of a microscope are referred to as

microscopic

Microorganisms: can be see with the naked eye must be visualized using a microscope

must be visualized using a microscope

Which of the following are major branches of study in microbiology? Zoology mycology virology bacteriology

mycology, virology, bacteriology; p.4

The principle of evolution states that living things change gradually over time through: biogenesis spontaneous generation Darwinism Natural selection

natural selection; p.21

Small, membrane-bound components found inside of an eukaryotic cell, such as mitochondria and lysosomes, reffered to as: systems nuclei organs organelles

organelles

In most cases, a free-living organism could be considered the opposite of a __________ organism.

parasitic

A (n) _____ is the term used forany infectious agent that causes disease, suchas parasites, bacteria, and viruses

pathogen

Kocj's four_______are a series of proofs that establish whether an organism is pathogenic and which disease it causes.

postulates; p.18

All____are microorganisms, but not all_______are microorganisms. eukaryotes; prokaryotes prokaryotes; eukarytoes

prokaryotes; eukaryotes

A (n) ____cell will not contain organelles, such as mitochondria or a nucleus eukaryotic, huma, prokaryotic, plant

prokaryotic

Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles, and divides by binary fission? eukaryotic prokaryotic

prokaryotic

Using the Whittaker system, the protozoan Entamoeba histolytic, which causes dysentery, classified in what kingdom? eukarya protista protozoa

protista

In the traditional Whittaker system, algae are found in the Kingdom Protista, animalia, myceteae, monera, plantae

protista; p.22

Which mircobe (s) have a true nucleus? (check all that apply) archae, protists, virus, prion, yeast

protists, yeast

Microbiology involves the study of microscopic organisms, including protozoa, fungi, helminths, archae, viruses, bacteria. fleas

protozoa, fungi, helminths, archae, viruses, bacteria

Tuberculosis, influenza and malaria are older diseases that have been known for a long time are now increasing in occurrence; diseases with this pattern occurrence specifically referred to as ___________disease.

reemerging; p.11

Put these in order by size from largest to smallest

reproductive structures of mold, colonial alga, bacteria, viruses; p.7

In both classification systems, the ________________is the most specific level of organization and is immediately under the genus

species

Which event helped establish the science of microbiology? the development of the microscope the discovery of DNNA the organization of life into taxonomic hierarchies.

the development of the microscope

Which of the following is true about prokaryotic microorganisms? They lack cellular organelles they are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells. they contain a nucleus they are generally larger than eukaryotic cells.

they lack cellular organelles they are genrally smaller than eukaryotic cells

Which of the following describe fungi? check all that apply prokaryotic unicellular or multicellular always multicellular autotrophic eukaryotic heterotrophic

unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophic

What microbe is not cellular (acellular) and is composed of nucleic acid surrounding by a protein coat?

virus

The major type of microorganisms include: plants, viruses, algae, bacteria, animals, fungi, protozoa

viruses, alage, bacteria, fungi, protozoa

The major groups of microbes include the_____, fungi, _____, protozoa, algae, archaea, and helminths

viruses, bacteria