Microbiology Chapter 14 end of chapter review

Infections that may go unnoticed because of the absence of symptoms are called______________________ infections

Asymptomatic ro subclinical

The study of where and when diseases occur and how they are transmitted within populations is ______________________

Epidemiology

The study of the cause of disease is _____________________

Etiology

Nonliving reservoirs of disease, such as a toothbrush, drinking glass, and needle are called _______________________

Fomites

Endotoxin, also known as ______________________________, is part of the outer wall membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Lipid A

An animal that carries a pathogen and also serves as host for the pathogen is a ______________________ vector

Biological

Diseases that are naturally spread from their usual animal hosts to humans are called ___________________________

Zoonoses

When pathogenic bacterial cells lose the ability to make adhesins, they typically____________________________ a. become avirulent b. produce endotoxin c. absorb endotoxin d. increase in virulence

a. become avirulent

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in infectious diseases a. incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence b. incubation, decline, prodromal period, illness, convalescence c. prodromal period, incubation, illness, decline, convalescence d. convalescence, prodromal period, incubation, illness, decline

a. incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

In which type of symbiosis do both members benefit from their interaction? a. mutualism b. parasitism c. commensalism d. pathogenesis

a. mutualism

The most frequent portal of entry for pathogens is _______________________ a. the respiratory tract b. the skin c. the conjunctiva d. a cut or wound

a. the respiratory tract

Which of the following phrases describes a contagious disease? a. a disease arising from fomites b. a disease that is easily passed from host to host in aerosols c. a disease that arises from opportunistic members of the normal microbiome d. both a and b

b. a disease that is easily passed from host to host in aerosols

Which of the following types of epidemiologists is most like a detective? a. descriptive epidemiologist b. analytical epidemiologist c. experimental epidemiologist d. reservoir epidemiologist

b. analytical epidemiologist

An axenic environment is one that a. exists in the human mouth b. contains only one species c. exists in the human colon d. both a and c

b. contains only one species

Which of the following is false concerning microbial contaminants a. contaminants may become opportunistic pathogens b. most microbial contaminants will eventually cause harm c. contaminants may be a part of the transient microbial d. contaminants may be introduced by a mosquito bite

b. most microbial contaminants will eventually cause harm

A disease in which a pathogen remains inactive for a long period of time before becoming active is termed a(n) a. subacute disease b. acute disease c. chronic disease d. latent disease

d. latent disease

The nature of bacterial capsules __________________ a. causes widespread blood clotting b. allows phagocytes to readily engulf these bacteria c. affects the virulence of these bacteria d. has no effect on the virulence of bacteria

c. affects the virulence of these bacteria

Consider the following case. An animal was infected with a virus. A mosquito bite the animal, was contaminated with the virus, and proceeded to bite and infect a person. Which was the vector? a. animal b. virus c. mosquito d. person

c. mosquito

The process by which microorganisms attach themselves to cells is _____________________ a. infection b. contamination c. disease d. adhesion

d. adhesion

A person contracted athlete's foot after a long term use of medication. His physician explained that the malady was directly related to the medication. Such infections are termed? a. healthcare associated infection b. exogenous infections c. iatrogenic infections d. endogenous infections

d. endogenous infections

Which of the following are most likely to cause disease? a. opportunistic pathogens in a weekend host b. pathogens lacking the enzyme kinase c. pathogens lacking the enzyme collagenase d. highly virulent organisms

d. highly virulent organisms

Which of the following statements is the best definition of a pandemic disease? a. it normally occurs in a given geographic area b. it is a disease that occurs more frequently than usual for a geographical area or group of people c. it occurs infrequently ta no predictable time scattered over a large area or population d. it is an epidemic that occurs on more than one continent at the same time

d. it is an epidemic that occurs on more than one continent at the same time

_________________________ infections are those acquired by patients or staff while in health care facilities

Nosocomial

A microbe that causes disease is called a ____________________

Pathogen

The total number of cases of a disease in a given area is its ____________________________

Prevalence