Microbiology Chapter 14
The reticuloendothelial system A. is a support network of connective tissue fibers. B. originates in the cellular basal lamina. C. provides a passageway within and between tissues and organs. D. is heavily populated with macrophages. E. All of the choices are correct.
A. all of the choices are correct
Elimination and destruction systems present in the phagolysosome include all the following, except A. bromine. B. hydroxyl free radical. C. nitric oxide. D. lactic acid. E. lysozyme.
A. bromine
Due to the way the lymph drains from lymph nodes, cell and products of immunity continually
A. enter regular circulatory system
All the following are events of early inflammation, except A. macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis. B. chemical mediators and cytokines are released. C. brief vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation. D. exudate and pus can accumulate. E. capillaries become more permeable resulting in edema.
A. macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis
The key phagocytic cells of the body are the
A. neutrophils and macrophages.
Maria was scratched on her arm by her cat and the site is experiencing rubor. This means
A. redness
All of the following pertain to platelets, except A. they contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. B. they are also called thrombocytes. C. they originate from giant multinucleate cells called megakaryocytes. D. they function in blood clotting and inflammation. E. they are not whole cells but are pieces of cells.
A. they contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Which of the following is an example of GALT?
Appendix
When macrophages migrate to the skin and remain there, they are called _____ cells.
B. Langerhans
Which is incorrect about complement? A. Composed of at least 26 blood proteins B. Only appear in the blood during a response to a pathogen C. Act in a cascade reaction D. Involves a classical pathway E. Involves an alternate pathway
B. Only appear in the blood during a response to a pathogen
During what process is hypochlorite & hydrogen peroxide produced to destroy bacteria and inhibit viral replication?
B. Phagocytosis
Which is incorrect about inflammation? A. It can last hours to years. B. Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. C. Serotonin causes smooth muscle contraction. D. Fever could be beneficial to inhibiting the pathogen. E. Basophils and mast cells release histamine.
B. Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability
The contribution of B cells is mainly in
B. humoral immunity
All of the following are types of granulocytes because they have prominent cytoplasmic granules when stained, except A. eosinophils. B. monocytes. C. neutrophils. D. basophils. E. They are all granulocytes.
B. monocytes
Joe cut his finger on a sharp twig and now is experiencing dolor. This means
B. pain
The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves
C. a ring-shaped protein digests holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes.
All of the following can be recognized by toll-like receptors, except A. single-stranded viral RNA. B. flagellin. C. host cell membrane proteins. D. lipoteichoic acid. E. lipopolysaccharide.
C. host cell membrane proteins
Joan's inflamed and painful joints are likely due to which of the following chemicals?
C. prostaglandins
Juan has influenza and has aches, pains, and a fever. His mother, a physician, tells him to take an antipyretic. What is she telling him to take?
D. Acetaminophen, like Tylenol
Which of the following nonspecific mediators inhibits virus replication and cellular division while increasing some lymphocyte action?
D. IFN
Specificity and memory are associated with which body defense mechanism?
D. T cells and B cells responses
Which is mismatched? A. interferon alpha and beta - inhibits viral replication B. interleukin-2 - stimulate T cell mitosis and B cell antibody production C. serotonin - causes smooth muscle contraction D. prostaglandins - activate eosinophils and B cells E. tumor necrosis factor - increases chemotaxis and phagocytosis
D. prostaglandins - activate eosinophils and B cells
Nonspecific chemical defenses include
E. All of the choices are correct
Plasma A. is the liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended. B. is mostly water. C. contains albumin and globulins. D. contains fibrinogen. E. All of the choices are correct.
E. All of the choices are correct
All of the following are types of agranulocytes because they do not have prominent granules in their cytoplasm when stained, except A. T cells. B. B cells. C. monocytes. D. lymphocytes. E. basophils.
E. basophils
The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation include all the following, except A. redness. B. warmth. C. swelling. D. pain. E. chills.
E. chills
All of the following are correct about lymph, except A. its composition is similar to plasma. B. it travels in vessels similar to blood vessels. C. it is made mostly of water. D. it transports numerous white blood cells. E. it is transported through the body by the same pump as blood, i.e., the heart.
E. it is transported through the body by the same pump as blood, i.e., the heart.
Components of the first line of defense include all the following, except
E. phagocytic what blood cells
The lymphoid tissues of the intestinal tract are collectively referred to as
GALT
Which is incorrect regarding fever?
It is a symptom of a few diseases
Which cell type is phagocytic and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into macrophages?
Monocytes
Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood, and has hormones that function in maturation of T-lymphocytes?
Thymus
The blood cells that particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are
eosinophils
These white blood cells are particularly attracted to sites of parasitic infections. They are known as
eosinphils
Which structures are found along lymphatic vessels but are heavily clustered in the armpit, groin, and neck?
lymph nodes
The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is
lysozyme
The clearance of pus, cellular debris, dead neutrophils, and damaged tissue after inflammation is performed by
macrophages
The most numerous WBCs, that have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic are
neutrophils
Plasma cells
produce and secrete antibodies
Hemopoiesis is the
production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets
The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are
pyrogens
The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the
respiratory tract
This body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid, and a tough cell barrier with its own normal flora
skin
Which of the following lymphoid organs has the immunological function of filtering pathogens from the blood?
spleen
Diapedesis is the
the migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissue
Histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin are all
vasoactive mediators