Microbiology Chapter 14

The reticuloendothelial system A. is a support network of connective tissue fibers. B. originates in the cellular basal lamina. C. provides a passageway within and between tissues and organs. D. is heavily populated with macrophages. E. All of the choices are correct.

A. all of the choices are correct

Elimination and destruction systems present in the phagolysosome include all the following, except A. bromine. B. hydroxyl free radical. C. nitric oxide. D. lactic acid. E. lysozyme.

A. bromine

Due to the way the lymph drains from lymph nodes, cell and products of immunity continually

A. enter regular circulatory system

All the following are events of early inflammation, except A. macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis. B. chemical mediators and cytokines are released. C. brief vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation. D. exudate and pus can accumulate. E. capillaries become more permeable resulting in edema.

A. macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis

The key phagocytic cells of the body are the

A. neutrophils and macrophages.

Maria was scratched on her arm by her cat and the site is experiencing rubor. This means

A. redness

All of the following pertain to platelets, except A. they contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. B. they are also called thrombocytes. C. they originate from giant multinucleate cells called megakaryocytes. D. they function in blood clotting and inflammation. E. they are not whole cells but are pieces of cells.

A. they contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Which of the following is an example of GALT?

Appendix

When macrophages migrate to the skin and remain there, they are called _____ cells.

B. Langerhans

Which is incorrect about complement? A. Composed of at least 26 blood proteins B. Only appear in the blood during a response to a pathogen C. Act in a cascade reaction D. Involves a classical pathway E. Involves an alternate pathway

B. Only appear in the blood during a response to a pathogen

During what process is hypochlorite & hydrogen peroxide produced to destroy bacteria and inhibit viral replication?

B. Phagocytosis

Which is incorrect about inflammation? A. It can last hours to years. B. Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. C. Serotonin causes smooth muscle contraction. D. Fever could be beneficial to inhibiting the pathogen. E. Basophils and mast cells release histamine.

B. Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability

The contribution of B cells is mainly in

B. humoral immunity

All of the following are types of granulocytes because they have prominent cytoplasmic granules when stained, except A. eosinophils. B. monocytes. C. neutrophils. D. basophils. E. They are all granulocytes.

B. monocytes

Joe cut his finger on a sharp twig and now is experiencing dolor. This means

B. pain

The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves

C. a ring-shaped protein digests holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes.

All of the following can be recognized by toll-like receptors, except A. single-stranded viral RNA. B. flagellin. C. host cell membrane proteins. D. lipoteichoic acid. E. lipopolysaccharide.

C. host cell membrane proteins

Joan's inflamed and painful joints are likely due to which of the following chemicals?

C. prostaglandins

Juan has influenza and has aches, pains, and a fever. His mother, a physician, tells him to take an antipyretic. What is she telling him to take?

D. Acetaminophen, like Tylenol

Which of the following nonspecific mediators inhibits virus replication and cellular division while increasing some lymphocyte action?

D. IFN

Specificity and memory are associated with which body defense mechanism?

D. T cells and B cells responses

Which is mismatched? A. interferon alpha and beta - inhibits viral replication B. interleukin-2 - stimulate T cell mitosis and B cell antibody production C. serotonin - causes smooth muscle contraction D. prostaglandins - activate eosinophils and B cells E. tumor necrosis factor - increases chemotaxis and phagocytosis

D. prostaglandins - activate eosinophils and B cells

Nonspecific chemical defenses include

E. All of the choices are correct

Plasma A. is the liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended. B. is mostly water. C. contains albumin and globulins. D. contains fibrinogen. E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct

All of the following are types of agranulocytes because they do not have prominent granules in their cytoplasm when stained, except A. T cells. B. B cells. C. monocytes. D. lymphocytes. E. basophils.

E. basophils

The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation include all the following, except A. redness. B. warmth. C. swelling. D. pain. E. chills.

E. chills

All of the following are correct about lymph, except A. its composition is similar to plasma. B. it travels in vessels similar to blood vessels. C. it is made mostly of water. D. it transports numerous white blood cells. E. it is transported through the body by the same pump as blood, i.e., the heart.

E. it is transported through the body by the same pump as blood, i.e., the heart.

Components of the first line of defense include all the following, except

E. phagocytic what blood cells

The lymphoid tissues of the intestinal tract are collectively referred to as

GALT

Which is incorrect regarding fever?

It is a symptom of a few diseases

Which cell type is phagocytic and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into macrophages?

Monocytes

Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood, and has hormones that function in maturation of T-lymphocytes?

Thymus

The blood cells that particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are

eosinophils

These white blood cells are particularly attracted to sites of parasitic infections. They are known as

eosinphils

Which structures are found along lymphatic vessels but are heavily clustered in the armpit, groin, and neck?

lymph nodes

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is

lysozyme

The clearance of pus, cellular debris, dead neutrophils, and damaged tissue after inflammation is performed by

macrophages

The most numerous WBCs, that have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic are

neutrophils

Plasma cells

produce and secrete antibodies

Hemopoiesis is the

production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are

pyrogens

The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the

respiratory tract

This body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid, and a tough cell barrier with its own normal flora

skin

Which of the following lymphoid organs has the immunological function of filtering pathogens from the blood?

spleen

Diapedesis is the

the migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissue

Histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin are all

vasoactive mediators