Microbiology: Chapter 2
Differentiate simple lips, complex lipids, and steroids
simple lipids are built from 2 subunits (a glycerol subunit and ONE fatty acid subunit) complex lipids have more than one fatty acid subunit steroids a type of fat; carbon skeleton of 4 rings
Identify the building blocks of nucleic acids
nucleotide
Distinguish organic and inorganic compounds
organic compounds always contain carbon AND hydrogen -from living sources inorganic compounds typically lack carbon -metals -gases -water
Define functional group
the replaced group that forms something else by removing a hydrogen group from a chemical responsible for most of the chemical properties of a particular organic compounds
Identify the building blocks and structure of proteins
amino acids
Identify the building blocks of carbohydrates
carbon hydrogen oxygen with hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio
Define acid, base, salt, and pH
Acid: an acid is a substance that dissociates into one or more H+ Base: a substance that dissociates into one or more OH+ Salt: a substance that dissociates into cations and anions, neither of which is H+ or OH- pH: A measure of the hydrogen ion concentration, it is equal to - log [H+]. increasing H+ increases acidity increasing OH+ increases alkalinity
Diagram three basic types of chemical reactions
Synthesis reaction: A + B --> AB Decomposition reaction: AB --> A + B Exchange reaction: AB + CD --> AD + BC
List several properties of water that are important to living systems
3/4 of the earth's surface is water 2/3 of the human body is water all organisms require water water is essential for cell structure (giving it volume) and function water participates in many chemical reactions necessary to sustain life (H+ and OH-) water is the only common substance to exist in the natural environment in all three physical states of matter-solid, liquid, and gas
Define ionic bond, covalent bond, hydrogen bond, molecular weight, and mole
Ionic bonds: A chemical bond in which electrons are transferred and not shared between atoms Covalent bond: A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms. Hydrogen bond: A weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of forces between molecules or atoms. In this case, hydrogen & either oxygen or nitrogen. In this tyoe of bond, electrons are not shared, lost or gained. Molecular weight: Atomic weights of all atoms in the compound added together. Mole: A mole of an atom, ion, or molecule is equal to its atomic weight or molecular weight expressed in grams.
Describe the role of ATP in cellular activities
The role of ATP in cellular activities is to provide energy to power these cellular activities.