Microbiology Chapter 3 questions
22) Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells? A) Slime layer B) Fimbriae C) Cell membrane D) Capsule E) All of the choices are correct
Capsule
42) The bacterial chromosome ________. A) is located in the cell membrane B) contains all the cell's plasmids C) is part of the nucleoid D) forms a single linear strand of DNA E) All of the choices are correct
Is part of the nucleoid
49) Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______. A) Staphylococcus B) Sporosarcina C) Bacillus D) Clostridium E) All of the choices are correct
Staphylococcus
53) A chain of rod-shaped cells would be called a(an) _______. A) streptobacillus B) staphylobacillus C) streptococcus D) staphylococcus E) sarcina
Streptobacillus
83) Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls. ⊚ true ⊚ false
True
85) Pili used for conjugation are only found on gram-negative bacteria. ⊚ true ⊚ false
True
89) The cell envelope of gram-positive bacteria has two layers: a thick cell wall and the cell membrane. ⊚ true ⊚ false
True
91) Bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma and bacteria called L-forms lack cell walls. ⊚ true ⊚ false
True
87) If during the Gram stain procedure- the bacterial cells were viewed immediately after crystal violet was applied gram-positive cells would be purple but gram-negative cells would be colorless. ⊚ true ⊚ false
False
101) Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind. ⊚ true ⊚ false
False
102) The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin. ⊚ true ⊚ false
False
103) When an endospore germinates it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success. ⊚ true ⊚ false
False
14) The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site is _______. A) amphitrichous B) atrichous C) lophotrichous D) monotrichous E) peritrichous
Lophotrichous
73) During bacterial conjugation DNA can be transferred through a ______ from the donor to the recipient cell. A) pilus B) flagellum C) axial filament D) fimbria
Pilus
64) Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell envelope component of ________. A) gram-negative bacteria B) gram-positive bacteria C) acid-fast bacteria D) mycoplasmas E) protoplasts
gram-negative bacteria
47) Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects calcium and dipicolinic acid. What is the identity of this structure? A) Cell wall B) Capsule C) Slime layer D) Nucleoid E) Endospore
Endospore
77) Lipopolysaccharide is a major component of gram-negative outer membranes can stimulate shock and fever and is also referred to as _________. A) endotoxin B) exotoxin C) peptidoglycan D) teichoic acid
Endotoxin
100) The term diplococcus refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells. ⊚ true ⊚ false
False
70) Rods that are slightly curved are called ________. A) vibrio B) spirochetes C) coccobacilli D) filaments
Vibrio
95) Alcohol-based compounds can weaken the outer membrane. ⊚ true ⊚ false
True
60) A client has a serious case of the flu. A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood. The lab tech said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be _______. A) Mycobacterium tuberculosis B) Borrelia burghdorferi C) Streptococcus pneumoniae D) Mycoplasma pneumoniae E) Staphylococcus aureus
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
61) Halobacterium salinarium lives in and requires salt. This is an example of an archaeabacterium described as a(n) _______. A) osmophile B) halophile C) thermophile D) psychrophile E) methanogen
Halophile
31) The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram-positive bacterial cell wall structure is that they ________. A) contain more peptidoglycan B) have a predominance of unique - waxy lipids C) are easily decolorized D) contain lipopolysaccharide E) All of the choices are correct
Have a predominance of unique - waxy lipids
7) Select the terms which describe various members of the archaea. A) Eukaryotes B) Hyperthermophiles C) Methanogens D) Acidophiles E) Extreme halophiles F) Extremophiles
Hyperthermophiles Methanogens Acidophiles Extreme halophiles Extremophiles
78) Choose the substance or condition that triggers sporogenesis among endospore-forming bacteria. A) Lack of water B) Presence of toxic chemicals C) Ultraviolet light exposure D) Excess heat E) Nutrient depletion
Nutrient depletion
40) All bacterial cells have ________. A) one or more chromosomes B) one or more fimbriae C) the ability to produce endospores D) capsules E) flagella
One or more chromosomes
5) Select those structures that are found in a gram-negative cell envelope. A) Thick layer of peptidoglycan B) Outer membrane C) Cell membrane D) Teichoic acids E) Lipopolysaccharide F) Lipoteichoic acids G) Thin layer of peptidoglycan H) Periplasmic space
Outer membrane Cell membrane Lipopolysaccharide Thin layer of peptidoglycan Periplasmic space
51) Cells form a ______ arrangement when cells in a chain snap back upon each other forming a row of cells oriented side by side. A) tetrad B) strep C) staph D) sarcina E) palisade
Palisade
11) Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called _______. A) flagella B) cilia C) fimbriae D) periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) E) sex pili
Periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
13) The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______. A) amphitrichous B) atrichous C) lophotrichous D) monotrichous E) peritrichous
Peritrichous
43) Which of the following is mismatched? A) Ribosomes - protein synthesis B) Inclusions - excess cell nutrients and materials C) Plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism D) Nucleoid - hereditary material E) Cytoplasm - dense: gelatinous solution
Plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism
35) All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______. A) inclusions B) fimbriae C) capsule D) slime layer E) LPS
Inclusions
71) The presence of variation in the size and shape of bacterial cells of the same species is known as _______. A) pleomorphism B) chemotaxis C) pseudomorphology D) sarcina
Pleomorphism
19) Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed _______. A) positive phototaxis B) negative phototaxis C) positive chemotaxis D) negative chemotaxis E) a tumble
Positive chemotaxis
67) The organism Mycoplasma pneumoniae that causes "walking pneumonia" lacks a cell wall. In which of the following taxonomic divisions is it classified? A) Tenericutes B) Mendosicutes C) Gracilicutes D) Firmicutes
Tenericutes
56) Which of the following is mismatched? A) Gracilicutes -gram-negative cell walls B) Firmicutes -gram-positive cell walls C) Tenericutes - waxy acid-fast cell walls D) Mendosicutes - archaea cell walls E) None of the choices are correct
Tenericutes - waxy acid-fast cell walls
50) Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes? A) Coccus B) Tetrad C) Vibrio D) Rod E) Spirochete
Tetrad
66) Which of the following statements is not true regarding the differences between bacteria-archaea and eukaryotes? A) The cell walls of bacteria and archaea both contain the complex macromolecule peptidoglycan whereas only the organisms in kingdom Plantae contain cell walls which are made of cellulose. B) Bacteria and archaea have circular chromosomes in a nucleoid region whereas eukaryotes have linear chromosomes that are enclosed in a nuclear membrane. C) Flagella are found on bacteria- archaea and eukaryotes yet they all vary in structure. D) Ribosomal RNA sequencing revealed that the structure of the ribosomal subunits in archaea more closely resemble those of eukaryotes than bacteria
The cell walls of bacteria and archaea both contain the complex macromolecule peptidoglycan whereas only the organisms in kingdom Plantae contain cell walls which are made of cellulose
36) Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin? A) It is a specific cell wall lipid B) It can stimulate fever in the human body C) It can cause septic shock in the human body D) It is involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases E) It is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls
It is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls
33) The enzyme _______ found in tears and saliva can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls. A) penicillinase B) lysozyme C) peptidase D) All of thechoices are correct. E) None of the choices are correct
Lysozyme
81) Choose the division that includes the archaea (archaebacteria). A) Gracilicutes B) Firmicutes C) Temericutes D) Mendosicutes E) Actinobacteria
Mendosicutes
17) A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has _______. A) fimbriae B) a capsule C) thylakoids D) flagella E) metachromatic granules
Metachromatic granules
16) Chemotaxis refers to the ability to ________. A) move in response to light B) move in response to a chemical C) not move in response to a chemical D) transport desired molecules into cells E) None of the choices is correct
Move in response to a chemical
30) A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is _______. A) Mycobacterium B) Mycoplasma C) Streptococcus D) Corynebacterium E) Salmonella
Mycobacterium
59) Two major structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are _______ and _______. A) pili- ribosomes B) fimbrae- capsules C) lipopolysaccharides- techoic acids D) actin filaments- phospholipid membrane(s) E) actin filaments- ribosomes
fimbrae- capsules
45) The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______. A) mRNA B) tRNA C) rRNA D) All of the choices are correct. E) None of the choices is correct
rRNA
55) Which of the following is not a phenotypic trait of bacteria? A) rRNA sequencing B) Shape C) Growth pattern in a culture medium D) Biochemical reaction E) All of these are phenotypic traits
rRNA sequencing
62) Spirochetes are able to move due to ________. A) a periplasmic flagellum B) a membrane-bound flagellum C) cilia serving as walking feet D) pseudopods E) fimbriae
A periplasmic flagellum
32) The _____ stain is used to stain and differentiate Mycobacterium and Nocardia from other bacteria. A) acid-fast B) methyleneblue C) Gram D) negative E) basic
Acid-fast
48) Endospores are ________. A) metabolically inactive B) resistant to heat and chemical destruction C) resistant to destruction by radiation D) living structures E) All of the choices are correct
All of the choices are correct
69) The typical definition of a species is one with distinct characteristics that produce viable offspring when mated with another organism in the same species. Bacterial species cannot be defined as readily due to the fact that _______. A) they do not reproduce sexually by way of gametes B) they can receive genetic material from others in their generation regardless of species C) they have a short generation time and evolve rapidly D) All of the statements are true regarding the indistinct defining of bacterial species
All of the statements are true regarding the indistinct defining of bacterial species
8) Which of the following is not a characteristic of bacteria? A) Its DNA is not encased in a membrane. B) It has a cell wall made of peptidoglycans or other distinct chemicals. C) It does not have membrane-bound organelles. D) Its DNA is wrapped around histones. E) All of these are characteristics of bacteria.
All of these are characteristics of bacteria
15) The term that refers to flagella at both poles is _______. A) amphitrichous B) atrichous C) lophotrichous D) monotrichous E) peritrichous
Amphitrichous
79) A unicellular microorganism was recovered from a hot spring (95°C) in Wyoming. The cells lack a nucleus have a cell wall that lacks peptidoglycan and have 70S ribosomes. Analysis of the plasma membrane reveals that the lipids contain long-chained branched hydrocarbons with ether linkages. Please choose the group in which this organism would be classified based on the description provided. A) Protista B) Archaea C) Bacteria D) Fungi E) Viruses
Archaea
38) Gram-negative bacteria _______. A) are more susceptible to antibiotics that target peptidoglycan than gram-positive organisms B) are less susceptible to antibiotics that target peptidoglycan than gram-positive organisms C) stain purple in the Gram stain D) encompass all pathogens E) None of thechoices is correct
Are less susceptible to antibiotics that target peptidoglycan than gram-positive organisms
44) Plasmids ________. A) are found in all bacteria B) are essential for growth and metabolism C) cannot be passed between organisms D) cannot be passed on to progeny E) are often the site of pathogenic genes
Are often the site of pathogenic genes
9) The two functions of bacterial appendages are ________. A) attachment and protection B) attachment and motility C) motility and slime production D) energy reactions and synthesis E) protection and motility
Attachment and motility
18) What three components comprise the flagellum extending from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell? A) Filament- hook- basal body B) Filament- basal body- hook C) Basal body- hook- filament D) Hook- basal body- filament E) Basal body- filament- hook
Basal body- hook- filament
12) A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______. A) hook B) outer membrane C) filament D) sheath E) basal body
Basil body
54) _______ Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is a manual of bacterial descriptions and classifications. A) Pasteur's B) Lister's C) Bergey's D) Leeuwenhoek's E) Koch's
Bergey's
37) The site(s) for most ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is(are) the _______. A) ribosomes B) mitochondria C) cell wall D) inclusions E) cell membrane
Cell membrane
27) If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment. The cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the ________. A) endospore B) cell wall C) cell membrane D) capsule E) slime layer
Cell wall
28) Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______. A) cell walls B) cell membranes C) capsules D) slime layers E) inclusions
Cell walls
75) Choose the sentence that best describes how bacteria respond to chemical attractants. A) Chemical attractants cause bacterial cells to grow additional flagella B) Chemical attractants speed up the rotation rate of flagella C) Chemical attractants inhibit tumbles enabling bacteria to make faster progress toward the stimulus D) Chemical attractants cause flagella to rotate clockwise E) Chemical attractants stop rotation of flagella
Chemical attractants inhibit tumbles enabling bacteria to make faster progress toward the stimulus
74) The movement of bacteria toward or away from a chemical stimulus is _________. A) chemotaxis B) phototaxis C) peritrichous D) monotrichous
Chemotaxis
1) Select characteristics exhibited by all bacteria. A) Chromosome B) Fimbriae C) Capsule D) Ribosomes E) Cell wall F) Flagella G) Endospores H) Cell membrane
Chromosome Ribosome Cell membrane
10) Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except _______. A) flagella B) cilia C) fimbriae D) periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) E) sex pili
Cilia
24) Which order below reflects the correct procedure for Gram staining? A) Alcohol/acetone-crystal violet-safranin-iodine B) Crystal violet-alcohol/acetone-iodine-safranin C) Crystal violet-iodine-alcohol/acetone-safranin D) Iodine-safranin-crystal violet-alcohol/acetone E) Alcohol/acetone-safranin-crystal violet-iodine
Crystal violet-iodine-alcohol/acetone-safranin
80) To find listings and charts of biochemical tests that can be used to identify unknown bacteria you could use Bergey's Manual of ________ Bacteriology. A) Determinative B) Systematic C) Phenotypic D) Morphological
Determinative
25) The cell _______ can be composed of three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane and the cell wall and the outer membrane. A) glycocalyx B) envelope C) pathogenicpackage D) slime coat E) None of thechoices is correct
Envelope
63) Which of the following species of bacteria is not closely related to the others? A) Staphylococcusaureus B) Staphylococcusepidermidis C) Staphylococcussaprophyticus D) Escherichia coli E) Staphylococcus capitis
Escherichia coli
84) Cellular organisms without a true nucleus include bacteria and viruses. ⊚ true ⊚ false
False
86) The slime layer provides bacteria greater pathogenicity as compared to the capsule. ⊚ true ⊚ false
False
88) Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain. ⊚ true ⊚ false
False
90) Gram-negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls. ⊚ true ⊚ false
False
94) Both gram-positive and gram-negative cells have outer membranes. ⊚ true ⊚ false
False
99) Boiling water (100°C) can normally destroy endospores. ⊚ true ⊚ false
False
72) Choose the bacterial appendage that enables bacteria to stick to one another to inanimate surfaces and to host cells. A) Pili B) Fimbriae C) Flagella D) Axial filaments E) Cell wall
Fimbriae
34) Lysozyme is most effective against _______. A) gram-negative organisms B) gram-positive organisms C) mycoplasmas D) cyanobacteria E) archaea
Gram-positive organisms
20) The short numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______. A) flagella B) cilia C) fimbriae D) periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) E) sex pili
Fimbriae
68) A 23 year-old female presents at a walk-in clinic with a fever- swollen lymph nodes and yellow spots on the throat. A rapid strep test comes back positive confirming an infection with Streptococcus pyogenes which has a thick layer of peptidoglycan in its cell wall. In which of the following taxonomic divisions does S. pyogenes belong? A) Firmicutes B) Gracilicutes C) Mendosicutes D) Tenericutes
Firmicutes
3) Select the structures that enable bacteria to be motile. A) Capsule B) Flagella C) Axial filaments D) Fimbriae E) Glycocalyx F) Pseudopods
Flagella Axial filaments
2) Select the structures that are possessed by some but not all bacteria. A) Flagella B) Cell membrane C) Endospores D) Ribosomes E) Pili F) Fimbriae G) Glycocalyx
Flagella Endospores Pili Fimbriae Glycocalyx
26) During the Gram stain ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied. A) gram-positive B) gram-negative C) both gram-positive and -negative
Gram-negative
65) Which statement below supports the argument that gram-negative cells are structurally weaker than gram-positive cells? A) Gram-negative cells have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall compared to gram-positive cells. B) Gram-positive cells contain teichoic acids whereas gram-negative cells lack teichoic acids in their cell wall. C) The envelope of gram-negative cells comprises a hydrophobic outer membrane. D) Gram-negative cells contain lipopolysaccharides the lipid component of which acts as an endotoxin
Gram-negative cells have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall compared to gram-positive cells
29) A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______. A) gram-negative B) gram-positive C) found in archaea D) a spheroplast E) acid fast
Gram-positive
39) Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane? A) The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides. B) The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer. C) The porin proteins create channels through the outer membrane. D) Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane. E) The lipid portion of the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin
Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane.
46) The function of bacterial endospores is ________. A) to convert gaseous nitrogen to a usable form for plants B) reproduction and growth C) protection of genetic material during harsh conditions D) storage of excess cell materials E) to act as sites for photosynthesis
Protection of genetic material during harsh conditions
41) The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be ________. A) material would not be able to cross the cell membrane B) protein synthesis would stop C) destruction of the cell's DNA D) formation of glycogen inclusions E) loss of the capsule
Protein synthesis would stop
57) Which of the following is not a division of bacteria and archaea according to Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology? A) Gracilicutes B) Scotobacteria C) Firmicutes D) Tenericutes E) Mendosicutes
Scotobacteria
21) The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid tubular appendages called _______. A) flagella B) cilia C) fimbriae D) periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) E) sex pili
Sex pili
82) A collection of bacterial cells that shares an overall similar pattern of traits different from other groups of bacteria is defined as a bacterial _________. A) species B) serotype C) subspecies D) domain
Species
52) If you looked at a _______ under the microscope you would likely see an irregular cluster of spherical cells. A) palisade B) sarcina C) staphylococcus D) streptococcus E) diplococcus
Staphylococcus
58) Which of the following is mismatched? A) Methanogens - convert CO 2 and H 2 gases into methane B) Extreme halophiles - adapted to salty habitats C) Psychrophiles - adapted to very low temperatures D) Hyperthermophile - adapted to high temperatures E) Thermoplasmas - adapted to frozen environments
Thermoplasmas - adapted to frozen environments
4) Select those structures that are found in a gram-positive cell envelope. A) Thick layer of peptidoglycan B) Outer membrane C) Cell membrane D) Teichoic acids E) Lipopolysaccharide F) Lipoteichoic acids G) Thin layer of peptidoglycan
Thick layer of peptidoglycan Cell membrane Teichoic acids Lipoteichoic acids
76) Choose the component that provides for a stronger cell wall structure in gram-positive cells as compared to gram-negative cells. A) Thick peptidoglycan layer B) Lipopolysaccharide C) Outer membrane D) Teichoic acids E) Porin proteins
Thick peptidoglycan layer
92) The bacterial cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions. ⊚ true ⊚ false
True
93) If you observe rod-shaped- pink cells on a slide that had just been Gram-stained: you can assume that the cell envelopes contain endotoxin. ⊚ true ⊚ false
True
96) The cell envelope or its parts can interact with human tissue and cause disease. ⊚ true ⊚ false
True
97) Some bacteria have a cytoskeleton of protein polymers to help maintain their shape. ⊚ true ⊚ false
True
98) Endospores of certain bacterial species can enter tissues in the human body- germinate and cause an infectious disease. ⊚ true ⊚ false
True
23) The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cell's _______. A) ribosomes B) inclusions C) wall D) membrane E) flagella
Wall
6) Select the items that would be found in bacterial cytoplasm. A) Water B) Nucleus C) Mitochondria D) Ribosomes E) Plasmids F) Bacterial chromosome G) Bacterial endospores H) Inclusion bodies I) Enzymes
Water Ribosomes Plasmids Bacterial chromosome Bacterial endospores Inclusion bodies Enzymes
