Microbiology Chapter 4
Syphilis is caused by a spirochete called
Treponema pallidum.
The _____ stain is used to stain and differentiate Mycobacterium and Nocardia from other bacteria.
acid-fast
The two functions of bacterial appendages are
attachment and motility.
The basal body of a flagellum is anchored into the
cell membrane.
The site/s for most ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells is/are the
cell membrane.
If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the
cell wall.
The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cell's
cell wall.
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial
cell walls.
Movement of a cell toward OR away from a chemical stimulus is termed:
chemotaxis.
Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except
cilia.
Magnetosomes are
composed of magnetic iron oxide particles.
Which order below reflects the correct procedure for Gram staining?
crystal violet, iodine, alcohol/acetone, safranin
Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects calcium dipicolinic acid. What is the identity of this structure?
endospore
The cell _____ can be composed of three layers: the cell membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane.
envelope
Two major structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are ___ and ___.
fimbrae; capsules
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called
fimbriae.
A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has
flagella.
Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxins?
found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls
Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of
gram-negative bacteria.
Lysozyme is most effective against
gram-positive organisms.
A prokaryotic cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is
gram-positive.
Halobacterium salinarium lives in and requires salt to grow. This is an example of an archaebacterium described as a/n
halophile.
Which of the following species of bacteria is not closely related to the others?
Escherichia coli
Endospores are
All of the choices are correct.
Bacterial endospores are produced by
Bacillus.
A few antibiotics target cell membranes of cells, blocking the incorporation of chemicals into sterol molecules for the cell membrane. Which statement is true?
Bacteria would be unaffected by those specific antibiotics (with very few exceptions).
__ Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is a manual of bacterial descriptions and classifications.
Bergey's
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a prokaryote?
Its DNA is wrapped around histones.
A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is
Mycobacterium.
A client has a serious respiratory infection. A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood. The lab technician said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be
Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
_ is a macromolecule containing alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid cross-linked by short peptide fragments.
Peptidoglycan
Gram-negative organisms
have a more complex wall with a greater variation in chemical composition.
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the
inclusions.
The bacterial chromosome
is part of the nucleoid.
The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site is
lophotrichous.
The enzyme _____, that is found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.
lysozyme
Chemotaxis refers to the ability to
move in response to a chemical.
During the Gram stain, gram-_____ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
negative
At present, the most accurate indicator of evolutionary relatedness among organisms is to determine the
nitrogen base sequence of rRNA.
Plasmids
often carry genes controlling pathogenicity
All bacterial cells have
one or more chromosomes.
Cells form a _____ arrangement when cells in a chain snap back upon each other, forming a row of cells oriented side by side.
palisade
Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments).
The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is
peritrichous
Which of the following is mismatched?
plasmids - contain genes essential for growth and metabolism
The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram-positive bacterial cell wall structure is
predominance of unique, waxy lipids.
The function of bacterial endospores is
protection of genetic material during harsh conditions.
The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be
protein synthesis would stop.
Which of the following is not a phenotypic trait of bacteria?
rRNA sequence
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and
rRNA.
Serological analysis for bacterial identification typically involves using
specific antibodies to the bacterial cell antigens.
An irregular cluster of spherical cells is termed:
staphylococcus
A chain of rod-shaped cells would be called a
streptobacillus.
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
tetrad
Which of the following is mismatched?
thermoplasmas - adapted to frozen environments
Which of the following is mismatched?
Tenericutes - waxy, acid-fast cell walls
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane.
The term that refers to flagella at both poles is
amphitrichous.
The prokaryotic flagellum has three parts in the order from cytoplasm to external environment. They are
basal body, hook, and filament.
The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called
sex pili.