Microbiology Chp 4
A bacterial cell exhibiting chemo taxis probably has...
a capsule
Spirochetes are able to move due to
a periplasmic flagellum
The ______ stain is sued to stain and differentiate Mycobacterium and Nocardia from other bacteria
acid fast
The two functions of bacterial appendages are
attachment and motility
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized?
capsule
The basal body of a flagellum is anchored into the
cell membrane
If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells fro rupturing is the
cell wall
The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cell's
cell wall
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial
cell walls
endospore
chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects calcium dipicolinic acid
Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed
chemotaxis
Bacterial cells could not have this appendage
cilia
magnetosomes
composed of magnetic iron oxide particles
A nutrient binds to receptors near the basal body. This will result in
counter clockwise rotation of flagella
the procedure for Gram staining
crystal violet--iodine--alcohol/acetone--safranin
the presence of thylakoids, phycocyanin, gas inclusions and cysts would e associated with...
cyanobacteria
mismatched
cyanobacteria--filamentous, gliding, extremophilic, photosynthetic bacteria tenericutes--waxy acid fast cell walls plasmids --genes essential for growth and metabolism unique hydrocarbon present--cyano bacteria thermo plasmas--adapted to frozen enironments
The cell _____ can be composed of 3 layers: the membrane, the cell wall and the outer membrane
envelope
The prokaryotic flagellum has 3 parts in the order from cytoplasm to external environment
filament, basal body, hook
2 major structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are
fimbrae, capsules
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called
fimbriae
Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of
gram negative bacteria
A prokaryotic cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is
gram positive
Lysozyme is most effective against
gram positive organisms
Gram + bacteria have an outer membrane
FALSE
_______ Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is a manual of bacterial descriptions and classifications.
Bergey's
Not a characteristic of a prokaryote
Its DNA is wrapped around his tones
_____ is a macromolecule containing alternating N acetylglucosamine and N acetylmuramic acid cross linked by short peptide fragments
Peptidoglycan
Archaebacteria
is NOT a bacterial class involved in causing human and animal diseases
RRNA sequencing
is NOT a phenotypic trait of bacteria
The bacterial chromosome
is part of the nucleolid
The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site is
lophotrichous
The enzyme ______ is found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls
lysozyme
Endospores are...
metabolically inactive, resistant to heat and chemical destruction, resistant to destruction by radiation, living structures
The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram positive bacterial cell wall structure is
more peptidoglycan
Chemo taxis refers to the ability to
move in response to a cheical
A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is
mycobacterium
During the Gram stain, gram ____ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied
negative
An important indicator of evolutionary relatedness is to determine
nitrogen base sequence of rRNA
All bacterial cells have
one or more chromosomes
Cells form a ______ arrangement when cells in a chain snap back upon each other forming a row of cells oriented side by side
palisade
Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is
peritrichous
The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be
protein synthesis would stop
The fragile cell produced when gram positive bacteria are exposed to lysozyme or penicillin is a
protoplast
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and...
rRNA
An irregular cluster of spherical cells wold be called a
staphylococcus
A chain of rod shaped cells
streptobacillus
Syphillis
treponema pallidum
Scotobacteria
Is NOT a division of kingdom prokaryote according to Bergey's Manual of ....
The term that refers to flagella at both poles is
amphitrichous
The periplasmic space is
an important reaction site for substances entering and leaving the cell
NOT a function of a prokaryote cell membrane?
antigens and receptors
bacterial endospores
are NOT produced by staphylococcus but the protection of genetic material during harsh conditions
Gram negative organisms
are less susceptible to antibiotics than gram positive organisms
Endotoxins
are not found in acid fast bacterial cell walls
Pasmids
are often the site of pathogenic genes
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
bacterium that does not have peptidoglycan
Serological analysis for bacterial identification typically involves using
specific antibodies to the bacterial cell antigens
The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called...
sex pili
Cell membrane
site for most ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells