Microbiology Chp 4

A bacterial cell exhibiting chemo taxis probably has...

a capsule

Spirochetes are able to move due to

a periplasmic flagellum

The ______ stain is sued to stain and differentiate Mycobacterium and Nocardia from other bacteria

acid fast

The two functions of bacterial appendages are

attachment and motility

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized?

capsule

The basal body of a flagellum is anchored into the

cell membrane

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells fro rupturing is the

cell wall

The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cell's

cell wall

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial

cell walls

endospore

chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects calcium dipicolinic acid

Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed

chemotaxis

Bacterial cells could not have this appendage

cilia

magnetosomes

composed of magnetic iron oxide particles

A nutrient binds to receptors near the basal body. This will result in

counter clockwise rotation of flagella

the procedure for Gram staining

crystal violet--iodine--alcohol/acetone--safranin

the presence of thylakoids, phycocyanin, gas inclusions and cysts would e associated with...

cyanobacteria

mismatched

cyanobacteria--filamentous, gliding, extremophilic, photosynthetic bacteria tenericutes--waxy acid fast cell walls plasmids --genes essential for growth and metabolism unique hydrocarbon present--cyano bacteria thermo plasmas--adapted to frozen enironments

The cell _____ can be composed of 3 layers: the membrane, the cell wall and the outer membrane

envelope

The prokaryotic flagellum has 3 parts in the order from cytoplasm to external environment

filament, basal body, hook

2 major structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are

fimbrae, capsules

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called

fimbriae

Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of

gram negative bacteria

A prokaryotic cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is

gram positive

Lysozyme is most effective against

gram positive organisms

Gram + bacteria have an outer membrane

FALSE

_______ Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is a manual of bacterial descriptions and classifications.

Bergey's

Not a characteristic of a prokaryote

Its DNA is wrapped around his tones

_____ is a macromolecule containing alternating N acetylglucosamine and N acetylmuramic acid cross linked by short peptide fragments

Peptidoglycan

Archaebacteria

is NOT a bacterial class involved in causing human and animal diseases

RRNA sequencing

is NOT a phenotypic trait of bacteria

The bacterial chromosome

is part of the nucleolid

The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site is

lophotrichous

The enzyme ______ is found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls

lysozyme

Endospores are...

metabolically inactive, resistant to heat and chemical destruction, resistant to destruction by radiation, living structures

The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram positive bacterial cell wall structure is

more peptidoglycan

Chemo taxis refers to the ability to

move in response to a cheical

A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is

mycobacterium

During the Gram stain, gram ____ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied

negative

An important indicator of evolutionary relatedness is to determine

nitrogen base sequence of rRNA

All bacterial cells have

one or more chromosomes

Cells form a ______ arrangement when cells in a chain snap back upon each other forming a row of cells oriented side by side

palisade

Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called

periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is

peritrichous

The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be

protein synthesis would stop

The fragile cell produced when gram positive bacteria are exposed to lysozyme or penicillin is a

protoplast

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and...

rRNA

An irregular cluster of spherical cells wold be called a

staphylococcus

A chain of rod shaped cells

streptobacillus

Syphillis

treponema pallidum

Scotobacteria

Is NOT a division of kingdom prokaryote according to Bergey's Manual of ....

The term that refers to flagella at both poles is

amphitrichous

The periplasmic space is

an important reaction site for substances entering and leaving the cell

NOT a function of a prokaryote cell membrane?

antigens and receptors

bacterial endospores

are NOT produced by staphylococcus but the protection of genetic material during harsh conditions

Gram negative organisms

are less susceptible to antibiotics than gram positive organisms

Endotoxins

are not found in acid fast bacterial cell walls

Pasmids

are often the site of pathogenic genes

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

bacterium that does not have peptidoglycan

Serological analysis for bacterial identification typically involves using

specific antibodies to the bacterial cell antigens

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called...

sex pili

Cell membrane

site for most ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells