Microbiology Exam 1

During which stage will a person be seronegative?

Where disease begins (occurs)

What is a facultative anaerobe?

Will grow in the presence or the absence of oxygen

Herd immunity is reached when this percentage (minimum) of a population is immune to a disease:

85-95

A long term non-progressor is:

A person who is HIV (+), but will not develop AIDS

HiB vaccine

Conjugated vaccine

Which vaccine provides protection against whooping cough?

Acellular pertussis

Lactobacillus produces ___________ that prevents Candida from growing.

Acid

Which factor will not influence the numbers of normal flora?

All the above will influence the numbers of normal flora

Which statement is false?

An increase in bacteriocin concentration will allow Clostridium difficle to grow.

Candidiasis is treated with:

Anti-fungal drugs

Which one of the following is the most common way that candidiasis occurs?

Antibiotic induced

Drugs that are naturally produced by microbes, and can kill other microbes are called:

Antibiotics

Immunoglobulins are:

Antibodies

Vaccination/Immunization is intentional exposure to:

Antigens

Reversion to the virulent state is most likely to occur with type of vaccine, if the immunized individual has an immune deficiency.

Attenuated

When vancomycin is used to treat a Clostridium difficle infection the drug has an effect during this stage.

Binary Fission

This includes any process in which humans use the metabolism of living things to arrive at a desired product:

Biotechnology

Obligate halophiles grow best in this type of environment

High concentration of salt

The main public health agency in the U.S.A is the CDC. The complete name of this agency is:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

A sporicidal agent must be used to disinfect areas contaminated with this microbe.

Clostridium difficle

Fecal replacement therapy is used as a last resort to treat this disease:

Pseudomembranous colitis

Chickenpox.

Varicella Zoster virus

This microbe is the cause of Smallpox:

Variola

"Degree of pathogenicity" is the definition of this term?

Virulence

The study of resistance to disease, auto immunity, and hypersensitivity is known as:

Immunology

This microbe is not considered to be alive so it is referred to as being active or inactive.

Virus

Which microbe is not alive?

Virus

A UTI caused by an individual's normal flora is an example of a:

Endogenous infection

This is what is left if Clostridium difficle is exposed to oxygen

Endospore only

Bacteria are classified in this Domain

Eubacteria

A woman develops vaginal candidiasis by Direct Contact. This is an example of a________.

Exogenous infection

This recombinant product is used to treat hemophilia.

Factor VIII

An axenic animal has a limited number of normal flora.

False

What sign/symptom of Malaria cured the individual with Malaria therapy?

Fever

Mold would be classified in this Kingdom:

Fungi

Lactobacillus is normal flora in: (mark 3 letters):

GI Tract, Vagina, Mouth

9vHPV vaccine

Genetically engineered vaccine

The MMR vaccine provides protection from mumps, measles and __________.

German measles

Flagyl will block this step.

Germination

BSL-3

HIV

Which one of the following is an obligate intracellular parasite?

HIV

Vitamin K is given to newborns in America, because the babies:

Have low levels of E. coli in their G.I. tract

Vitamin K is given to newborns as a prophylaxis for this disease:

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn

The microbe that causes malaria would be studied in the field of microbiology.

Protozoology

This recombinant product is used to treat diabetes.

Insulin

Which one of the following statements about Bifidobacterium is correct?

Its growth is favored by oligopolysaccharides in breast milk

Influenza vaccine

Kill/Inactive vaccine

This microbe is resistant to all antibiotics except vancomycin.

MRSA

The drug quinine was/is used as treatment for this disease:

Malaria

Which one of the following is not part of contact isolation protocol?

Mask

Before a vaccine was developed, Haemophilus influenzae type B was the leading cause of _____ in children under the age of 5

Meningitis

BSL-1

Nonpathogens

The Pneumococcal vaccine will provide protection against all the following except: (mark 2 letters)

Oral cancer, Influenza

This microbe is resistant to all antibiotics.

Pan resistant

Study of Algae

Phycology

Malaria

Plasmodium

Oligopolysaccharides in breast milk are:

Prebiotic

Bacteriocins protect against pseudomembranous colitis by:

Preventing germination

Live microbes taken as a preventative or therapeutic measure against potential pathogens are called:

Probiotics

Taking an antibiotic to prevent disease from occurring (such as when a person goes to the dentist), is known as:

Prophylaxis

Patients not completing their prescriptions, doctors prescribing antibiotics for viral infections, and animals being fed low doses of antibiotics has led to bacteria becoming __________ to drugs:

Resistant

This type of vaccination, which was used to eradicate a disease, results in a buffer of immune individuals to prevent the spread of disease?

Ring

If a person recovers from disease and has an anamnestic response the individual will test:

Seropositive

The World Health Organization has classified this disease as being naturally eradicated from the world.

Smallpox

E. coli 0157:H7 The word "coli" refers to the ____ type of the microbe.

Species

Which one of the following has been typed correctly using the binomial system of nomenclature?

Staphylococcus aureus

E. coli 0157:H7 "O157:H7" refers to the ____ type of the microbe.

Strain

Variations within a species is called a:

Strain

Acellular pertussis vaccine

Subunit vaccine

Salvarsan was made from arsenic. This drug was used to treat:

Syphilis

If a person is vaccinated and the vaccine doesn't take it means that:

The individual did not have an anamnestic response

An exception to Koch's postulates is made for Leprosy because:

The microbe cannot be grown in pure culture

A person is given drugs to treat TB and after 6 months is told to stop taking the drugs since resistance has developed. What does this mean?

The microbe is resistant to the drugs, so the drugs no longer work

This theory states that life arises from preexisting life.

Theory of Biogenesis

This theory is no longer accepted today:

Theory of Spontaneous generation

Tetanus vaccine

Toxoid vaccine

The cause of Syphilis is?

Treponema pallidum

Normal flora are needed to stimulate development of the immune system.

True

The uterus is normally sterile during the embryonic and fetal development.

True

We have more normal flora than we have our own cells.

True

This microbe is the cause of Cowpox:

Vaccinia

The brain becomes spongiform. This is a sign of:

Variant Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease