Microbiology Exam 1 (Lobo)

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are about how many infections of all types across the world every year?

10 billion

Which is correctly written? A. Streptococcus pneumoniae B. streptococcus pneumoniae C. Streptococcus Pneumoniae

A

What organisms alone can make a peptidoglycan cell wall?

Bacteria

Humans belong the the Phylum_____ and class ______?

Chordata , mammalia

Which of the following diseases are spread by the Aedes mosquito?

Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya

Escherichia coli may be abbreviated to

E. coli

Which scientist is responsible for inventing vaccination?

Edward Jenner

Which of the following bacteria is spread by water and food contaminated with cattle feces?

Escherichia coli 0157:57

What best describes the microbe depicted?

Eukaryote

True or false: According to evolutionary theory, the environment changes the genes of an individual organism to help it adapt.

False

True or false: If two microbes are in the same genus, they must be in the same class.

False

Chlamydia infections has been linked to which of the following conditions?

Female infertility

Which scientist discovered heat-resistant endospores?

Ferdinand Cohn

Which type of organism can derive all of the nutrients and factors it requires from the environment in order to reproduce?

Free-living organism

Which microbe may be multicellular?

Fungus

Which is not within the domain eukarya?

Gram positive bacteria

Microbiology involves the study of microscopic organisms or agents, including which of the following?

Helminths, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa, Bacteria

Humans and apes belong to the Family _________

Hominidae

Which describes a good hypothesis?

It must be able to be supported or rejected by experimentation.

Put the taxonomic categories in order from domain and down

KPCOFGS Kings play chess on fine ground sand

Which idea is most strongly supported?

Law/principle

Who first promoted the use of disinfecting agents in surgical operating rooms?

Lister

Who identified that microbes undergo fermentation?

Louis Pasteur

is a specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.

Microbiology

The germ theory of disease stated which of the following?

Microorganisms could cause infection and disease.

A prokaryotic microorganism in which of the following kingdoms using the Whittaker system of classification?

Monera

Which is a monomer for making DNA?

Nucleotide

What best describes this microbe?

Prokaryote

Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles?

Prokaryotic

Which is different between RNA and DNA?

RNA is anti parallel

Which is the appropriate binomial abbreviation of Staphylococcus aureus?

S. aureus

What type of microscopy was used to obtain the image?

SEM (scanning electron microscopy)

Which of the following is true regarding scientific names?

Scientific names are italicized in printed documents.

is the science of organizing, classifying and naming living things.

Taxonomy

Which event helped establish the science of microbiology?

The development of the microscope

Which is true regarding evolutionary theory?

Those traits that favor survival are passed on.

True or false: Microbes can be found in the Antarctic.

True

True or false: When writing a binomial name, the initial letter of the genus is capitalized and the species is in lower case.

True

Which scientists study viruses?

Virologists

is the study of viruses.

Virology

Which microbe is depicted?

Virus

Which is best used for negative staining?

acidic dye (India ink or nigrosine)

Put the descriptions of protein folding in order

amino acid order, helices and pleats, globular, multiple peptides together

Robert Koch demonstrated in 1875 that ____________ is the causative agent of anthrax.

bacillus anthracis

Which were some of the first organisms genetically engineered?

bacteria and fungi

The study of small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms is called

bacteriology

A (blank) is a complex network of microbes and their secretions that form in most natural environments.

biofilm

Using an organism to correct environmental contamination is called:

bioremediation

What could not isolate bacteria from each other?

broth culture

Which macromolecule is part of DNA and bacterial cell wall structure and can store energy

carbohydrates

Which CANNOT describe a virus?

cell wall

Which is the strongest of the three chemical bonds?

covalent bond

What subatomic particle orbits the atomic nucleus?

electron

Which microscopy technique allows visualization of a virus?

electron microscopy

Thinking of the two major cell types in the world: __________ cells contain organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. However, these organelles are not found in __________ cells.

eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Which is not a type of differential stain?

flagellar stain

What technology involves the deliberate modification of the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products?

genetic engineering

__________ and __________ are the last two and most specific levels of classification

genus and species

Work by Robert Koch and other scientists to show that human diseases could arise from infection led to the (blank) theory of disease.

germ

Which organelle allows proper protein folding and transport?

golgi apparatus

The term________refers to a parasitic invertebrate such as a worm.

helminth

Which group of microorganisms includes the parasitic worms?

helminths

A __________ is a tentative explanation of an observation.

hypothesis

It is observed that several family members have a blood condition called hemophilia. This may lead to the general idea that this condition is inheritable. This is an example of which of the following?

inductive reasoning

one applies specific observations to develop a general explanation

inductive reasoning

___________ diseases, caused by microorganisms, are among the most common causes of death in much of the world's population.

infectious

Bond created when an atom gives an electron to another atom and then becomes attracted to the recipient

ionic bond

In the Whittaker system, organisms were divided into one of five __________

kingdoms

Which macromolecule is the primary component of the cell membrane?

lipid

Which best describes spontaneous generation?

living things may suddenly appear from nonliving matter

The unit of measurement for most bacterial cells is ______ and most viruses is ______.

micrometers and nanometers

Which organelle produces ATP?

mitochondria

The five kingdoms of the Whittaker classification are:

monera fungi protists plants animals

the study of fungi

mycology

Which of the following are criteria for the Whittaker system to classify organisms?

nutritional type, structure, body organization, cell type

Place the following steps of the scientific method in order.

observation, hypothesis, experimentation, analysis and publication

A microbial pathogen is considered a(n) ________ because it derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process.

parasite

In general, disease-causing organisms are referred to as which of the following?

pathogens

Which microscopic technique allows viewing of a living specimen?

phase contrast

Joseph Lister typically used the disinfectant (blank) prior to performing surgery.

phenol (carbolic acid)

What aspect of water best describes why it is the universal solvent?

polar covalent

Which of the following human diseases has *ALMOST* been eradicated?

polio

What will not denature protein folding?

presence of different protein solutes

____________ are the group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall.

protozoa

Which microscopy term is used to describe the ability to distinguish two adjacent structures from each other?

resolution

Which is not a key macromolecule?

salt

Charles Darwin labeled the process of evolution as natural

selection

Viral particles are usually (larger/smaller) than prokaryotic cells?

smaller

Which of the following human diseases has been eradicated?

smallpox

What technique increases contrast?

staining

A (blank) environment is free of actively growing cells, microorganisms, viruses or endospores.

sterile

Some strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to so many antibiotics that it has become known as a(n)

superbug

What is a feature of gram positive bacteria?

teichoic acid and lipteichoic acid

Which of the following is an explanation of the natural world that has been repeatedly tested and verified using the scientific method?

theory

What is not a feature of gram negative bacteria?

thick peptidoglycan cell wall

Microorganisms are __________ meaning they are found in all natural habitats as well as in most artificial habitats created by humans.

ubiquitious

What microbe is not cellular (acellular) and is composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat?

virus

The common cold and AIDS are caused by which type of microbe?

viruses

Which of the following is not able to replicate on its own?

viruses