Microbiology Exam 1 (Lobo)
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are about how many infections of all types across the world every year?
10 billion
Which is correctly written? A. Streptococcus pneumoniae B. streptococcus pneumoniae C. Streptococcus Pneumoniae
A
What organisms alone can make a peptidoglycan cell wall?
Bacteria
Humans belong the the Phylum_____ and class ______?
Chordata , mammalia
Which of the following diseases are spread by the Aedes mosquito?
Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya
Escherichia coli may be abbreviated to
E. coli
Which scientist is responsible for inventing vaccination?
Edward Jenner
Which of the following bacteria is spread by water and food contaminated with cattle feces?
Escherichia coli 0157:57
What best describes the microbe depicted?
Eukaryote
True or false: According to evolutionary theory, the environment changes the genes of an individual organism to help it adapt.
False
True or false: If two microbes are in the same genus, they must be in the same class.
False
Chlamydia infections has been linked to which of the following conditions?
Female infertility
Which scientist discovered heat-resistant endospores?
Ferdinand Cohn
Which type of organism can derive all of the nutrients and factors it requires from the environment in order to reproduce?
Free-living organism
Which microbe may be multicellular?
Fungus
Which is not within the domain eukarya?
Gram positive bacteria
Microbiology involves the study of microscopic organisms or agents, including which of the following?
Helminths, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa, Bacteria
Humans and apes belong to the Family _________
Hominidae
Which describes a good hypothesis?
It must be able to be supported or rejected by experimentation.
Put the taxonomic categories in order from domain and down
KPCOFGS Kings play chess on fine ground sand
Which idea is most strongly supported?
Law/principle
Who first promoted the use of disinfecting agents in surgical operating rooms?
Lister
Who identified that microbes undergo fermentation?
Louis Pasteur
is a specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.
Microbiology
The germ theory of disease stated which of the following?
Microorganisms could cause infection and disease.
A prokaryotic microorganism in which of the following kingdoms using the Whittaker system of classification?
Monera
Which is a monomer for making DNA?
Nucleotide
What best describes this microbe?
Prokaryote
Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles?
Prokaryotic
Which is different between RNA and DNA?
RNA is anti parallel
Which is the appropriate binomial abbreviation of Staphylococcus aureus?
S. aureus
What type of microscopy was used to obtain the image?
SEM (scanning electron microscopy)
Which of the following is true regarding scientific names?
Scientific names are italicized in printed documents.
is the science of organizing, classifying and naming living things.
Taxonomy
Which event helped establish the science of microbiology?
The development of the microscope
Which is true regarding evolutionary theory?
Those traits that favor survival are passed on.
True or false: Microbes can be found in the Antarctic.
True
True or false: When writing a binomial name, the initial letter of the genus is capitalized and the species is in lower case.
True
Which scientists study viruses?
Virologists
is the study of viruses.
Virology
Which microbe is depicted?
Virus
Which is best used for negative staining?
acidic dye (India ink or nigrosine)
Put the descriptions of protein folding in order
amino acid order, helices and pleats, globular, multiple peptides together
Robert Koch demonstrated in 1875 that ____________ is the causative agent of anthrax.
bacillus anthracis
Which were some of the first organisms genetically engineered?
bacteria and fungi
The study of small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms is called
bacteriology
A (blank) is a complex network of microbes and their secretions that form in most natural environments.
biofilm
Using an organism to correct environmental contamination is called:
bioremediation
What could not isolate bacteria from each other?
broth culture
Which macromolecule is part of DNA and bacterial cell wall structure and can store energy
carbohydrates
Which CANNOT describe a virus?
cell wall
Which is the strongest of the three chemical bonds?
covalent bond
What subatomic particle orbits the atomic nucleus?
electron
Which microscopy technique allows visualization of a virus?
electron microscopy
Thinking of the two major cell types in the world: __________ cells contain organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. However, these organelles are not found in __________ cells.
eukaryotic and prokaryotic
Which is not a type of differential stain?
flagellar stain
What technology involves the deliberate modification of the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products?
genetic engineering
__________ and __________ are the last two and most specific levels of classification
genus and species
Work by Robert Koch and other scientists to show that human diseases could arise from infection led to the (blank) theory of disease.
germ
Which organelle allows proper protein folding and transport?
golgi apparatus
The term________refers to a parasitic invertebrate such as a worm.
helminth
Which group of microorganisms includes the parasitic worms?
helminths
A __________ is a tentative explanation of an observation.
hypothesis
It is observed that several family members have a blood condition called hemophilia. This may lead to the general idea that this condition is inheritable. This is an example of which of the following?
inductive reasoning
one applies specific observations to develop a general explanation
inductive reasoning
___________ diseases, caused by microorganisms, are among the most common causes of death in much of the world's population.
infectious
Bond created when an atom gives an electron to another atom and then becomes attracted to the recipient
ionic bond
In the Whittaker system, organisms were divided into one of five __________
kingdoms
Which macromolecule is the primary component of the cell membrane?
lipid
Which best describes spontaneous generation?
living things may suddenly appear from nonliving matter
The unit of measurement for most bacterial cells is ______ and most viruses is ______.
micrometers and nanometers
Which organelle produces ATP?
mitochondria
The five kingdoms of the Whittaker classification are:
monera fungi protists plants animals
the study of fungi
mycology
Which of the following are criteria for the Whittaker system to classify organisms?
nutritional type, structure, body organization, cell type
Place the following steps of the scientific method in order.
observation, hypothesis, experimentation, analysis and publication
A microbial pathogen is considered a(n) ________ because it derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process.
parasite
In general, disease-causing organisms are referred to as which of the following?
pathogens
Which microscopic technique allows viewing of a living specimen?
phase contrast
Joseph Lister typically used the disinfectant (blank) prior to performing surgery.
phenol (carbolic acid)
What aspect of water best describes why it is the universal solvent?
polar covalent
Which of the following human diseases has *ALMOST* been eradicated?
polio
What will not denature protein folding?
presence of different protein solutes
____________ are the group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall.
protozoa
Which microscopy term is used to describe the ability to distinguish two adjacent structures from each other?
resolution
Which is not a key macromolecule?
salt
Charles Darwin labeled the process of evolution as natural
selection
Viral particles are usually (larger/smaller) than prokaryotic cells?
smaller
Which of the following human diseases has been eradicated?
smallpox
What technique increases contrast?
staining
A (blank) environment is free of actively growing cells, microorganisms, viruses or endospores.
sterile
Some strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to so many antibiotics that it has become known as a(n)
superbug
What is a feature of gram positive bacteria?
teichoic acid and lipteichoic acid
Which of the following is an explanation of the natural world that has been repeatedly tested and verified using the scientific method?
theory
What is not a feature of gram negative bacteria?
thick peptidoglycan cell wall
Microorganisms are __________ meaning they are found in all natural habitats as well as in most artificial habitats created by humans.
ubiquitious
What microbe is not cellular (acellular) and is composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat?
virus
The common cold and AIDS are caused by which type of microbe?
viruses
Which of the following is not able to replicate on its own?
viruses
