Microbiology Final: Part 1 study
Which terms refer to bacterial morphology? a. bacillus b. coccus c. polyhedral d. coccus and bacillus
d. coccus and bacillus
Which of the following is NOT true of endospores? a. Bacillus and Clostridium are genera that produce them b. endospore fermentation results in the breakdown of the vegetative cell DNA c. endospores are resistant to boiling and chemicals d. endospores are a reproductive structure e. endospores are dormant
d. endospores are a reproductive structure
Which of the following statements about fungi is FALSE? a. fungi are eukaryotes b. molds form hyphae c. fungi have a cell wall d. fungi are photosynthetic e. yeast are unicellular
d. fungi are photosynthetic
Which of the following is not considered a microorganism? a. algae b. bacterium c. protozoan d. mushroom
d. mushroom
Bacteria living in a freshwater stream that are moved to salty seawater would _____ a. be in a hypotonic solution b. gain water c. be in a isotonic solution d. shrivel e. non of the choices are correct
d. shrivel
All of the following are associated with algae EXCEPT a. the group includes seaweeds and kelps b. they are photosynthetic organisms c. they provide most of the oxygen on earth d. they are important in the degradation of dead plants and animals e. they are a source of food for aquatic and marine animals
d. they are important in the degradation of dead plants and animals
Arboviruses are transmitted by the ___ route a. contact b. enteric c. inhalation d. vector
d. vector
Which is not true of latent viruses? a. include the Herpes family of viruses b. when not active, they are present in a 'silent' infection c. sporadically become activated and cause symptoms throughout the life of a patient d. after an initial infection, they are always present in certain body tissues e. all true
e. All true
Which is usually true of bacteria? a. they are found as rods, spheres, or spirals b. they produce by binary fission c. they contain rigid cell walls made of peptidoglycan d. they are found as single cells e. all are correct
e. all are correct
The protozoans known as apicocomplexans a. are motile b. reproduce by schizogony c. are intracellular parasites d. are motile intracellular parasites e. reproduce by schizogony and are intracellular parasites
e. reproduce by schizogony and are intracellular parasites
Hepatitis A
oral fecal route
Polio
oral fecal route
Balantidium coli
pathogenic ciliate
Disease-causing microorganisms are called ____
pathogens
Bacteria
provide protection to us from disease by covering our bodies, crowding out the "bad" bacteria.
Entamoeba histolytica
pseudopods; dysentery
Which of the following enzymes allows retroviruses to transcribe DNA from ssRNA?
reverse transcriptase
Mononucleosis
saliva
Organisms such as fungi that absorb nutrients from dead organisms are called ___
saprobes
In the name Staphylococcus aureus, aureus is the ___
specie
The protein projections on the surface of a virus that are involved in attachment to the host cell are called ____
spikes
Who is credited with first observing microorganisms?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Which of the followowing viruses is a DNA virus that infects liver cells?
Hepadnavirus
Bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma lack cell walls. What sort of environment do they require for survival?
Isotonic
Which of the following individuals developed a set of criteria that could be used to establish a causative link between a microorganism and a particular disease?
Koch
Hyphae are associated with which of the following?
Molds
True fungal pathogen
Blastomycosis
A student has obtained a sample of pond water for study. Using the high power lens observes cells with nuclei. He can conclude that the cells are not bacteria.
True
Fungi are generally not transmitted from person to person
True
If a virus utilizes a lytic life cycle of reproduction, it will not induce tumors
True
Most DNA animal viruses replicate in the host nucleus
True
The mechanism of entry into a host cell for bacteriophage and animal virus is the same
True
Virus cause most diseases of the industrialized world
True
The microorganism __ moves by flagella and is transmitted by the reduviid bug also known as the 'kissing' bug and causes the disease ___
Trypanosoma species/ chagas disease
Retroviruses are unique in that they ___
Use RNA as a template to make DNA
If you were setting up an experiment to disprove spontaneous generation in a liquid medium, which of the following would be essential to the experiment?
Using a sterile liquid and eliminating exposure to microorganisms
In what ways do viruses differ from other pathogens?
Viruses lack cytoplasm and organelles
Trophozoite
a growing stage in the life cycle of some sporozoan parasites, when they are absorbing nutrients from the host.
Peptidoglycan
a polymer that is composed of polysaccharide and peptide chains and is found especially in bacterial cell walls
During penetration of E.coli by the t4 phage a. lysozyme is used to allow entry of the phage capsid b. the tail acts as a "hypodermic needle" injecting the phage DNA into the cell c. the protein fibers digest a hole in the cell wall d. the bacterial receptor molecule open a hole through the cell wall
b. the tail acts as a "hypodermic needle" injecting the phage DNA into the cell.
Cytoplasmic membranes of ___ are composed of a phospholipid bilayer
bacteria and eukaryotes
Streptococcus pyogenes cell reproduce by ___
binary fission
Naeglaeria fowleri
brain amoeba
Ringworm is caused by a. worms infected with fungi invading the skin b. dermatophytes that have invaded deep into the living tissue c. dermatophytes growing in the upper dead tissue layers of the skin d. a hypersensitivity caused by superficial contact with everyone e. toxins produced by dermatophytes
c. dermatophytes growing in the upper dead tissue layers of the skin
Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing most of the ATP in a eukaryotic cell? a. lysosome b. Golgi body c. mitochondrion d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum e. nucleus
c. mitochondrion
All of the following are examples of vector-borne protozoa except a. trypanosoma b. Plasmodium c. naegleria d. all are vector-borne infections
c. naegleria
Which is mismatched? a. ribosomes - protein synthesis b. inclusions - excess cell nutrients and materials c. plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism d. nucleoid - hereditary material c. cytoplasm - dense, gelatinous solution
c. plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism
What part of the attached bacteriophage enters through the host cell wall? a. the entire virus b. only the enzymes necessary for replication c. the nucleic acid e. the capsid only
c. the nucleic acid
Acts line an "invisibility cloak" and protects bacteria from being phagocytized
capsule
Oncogenic viruses ___
cause tumors to develop
Algae generally contain some type of ___
chlorophyll
HIV
contaminated needles
Hepatitis C
contaminated needles
The correct order of stages in the multiplication cycle if an animal virus consist of ____
1. attachment 2. uncoating 3. synthesis 4. assembly 5. release
Which of the following is considered a fomite? a. paper money b. dirty diaper c. bedpan d. doorknob e. ALL
All
Opportunistic fungal pathogen
Candida albicans
Trypanosoma cruzi
Chagas disease
Short, hair like structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called?
Cilia
The ability of a fungus to grow as a yeast or a mold depending on its environmental temp. is called ____
Dimorphism
Fungi that cause systemic mycoses are usually acquired by ingesting contaminated food
FALSE
Bacteria and Archaea both belong to the same domain
False
Hepatitis A, B, and C are all members of the same viral family
False
The trophozoite is the infective form of giardia intestinalis
False
Which structure is not a component of ALL cells? a. cell wall b. cell membrane c. gentetic material d. ribosomes
a. cell wall
Disease of short duration frequently followed by long term immunity are referred to as ____
acute infections
Shingles occur in ____
adults who had chicken pox as children
Enterviruses gain their name from the fact that they ____
are transmitted by the fecal/oral route
Toxoplasmosis gondii
associated with cats; spontaneous abortion
Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called ____
axial filaments
Which of the following families of DNA viruses is the most prevalent in humans? a. Poxviridae b. Herpesviridae c. Adenoviridae d. Polyomaviridae e. rhinoviridae
b. Herpesviridae
Which of the following is not a characteristic of protozoa? a. eukaryotic b. often multicellular c. usually microscopic d. often motile by cilia, flagella or pseudopods e. possess true nuclei
b. often multicellular
Giardia intestinalis
flagellate, diarrhea
Chicken pox
fomites
The best known examples of viruses that cause latent infections are ___
herpes and chicken pox
Binary fission
is a kind of asexual reproduction. It is the most common form of reproduction in prokaryotes and occurs in some single-celled eukaryotes. After replicating its genetic material, the cell divides into two nearly equal sized daughter cells.
Prions are ____
made of protein only
Plasmodium vivax
malaria
Dengue fever
mosquitoes
Yellow fever
mosquitoes
White patches on the surface of the tongue and the oral mucosa accompanied by inflammation and swelling are signs consistent with ____
thrush
Trichomonas
vaginitis
Ticks, lice, and mosquitoes often serve as ___ by carrying and transmitting pathogenic microbes
vectors
Animal viruses are divided into a number of families whose names end in ____
viridae
A phage that replicates inside the host cell and then lyses its host during its release is a ____
virulent or lytic phage