Microbiology Final: Part 1 study

Which terms refer to bacterial morphology? a. bacillus b. coccus c. polyhedral d. coccus and bacillus

d. coccus and bacillus

Which of the following is NOT true of endospores? a. Bacillus and Clostridium are genera that produce them b. endospore fermentation results in the breakdown of the vegetative cell DNA c. endospores are resistant to boiling and chemicals d. endospores are a reproductive structure e. endospores are dormant

d. endospores are a reproductive structure

Which of the following statements about fungi is FALSE? a. fungi are eukaryotes b. molds form hyphae c. fungi have a cell wall d. fungi are photosynthetic e. yeast are unicellular

d. fungi are photosynthetic

Which of the following is not considered a microorganism? a. algae b. bacterium c. protozoan d. mushroom

d. mushroom

Bacteria living in a freshwater stream that are moved to salty seawater would _____ a. be in a hypotonic solution b. gain water c. be in a isotonic solution d. shrivel e. non of the choices are correct

d. shrivel

All of the following are associated with algae EXCEPT a. the group includes seaweeds and kelps b. they are photosynthetic organisms c. they provide most of the oxygen on earth d. they are important in the degradation of dead plants and animals e. they are a source of food for aquatic and marine animals

d. they are important in the degradation of dead plants and animals

Arboviruses are transmitted by the ___ route a. contact b. enteric c. inhalation d. vector

d. vector

Which is not true of latent viruses? a. include the Herpes family of viruses b. when not active, they are present in a 'silent' infection c. sporadically become activated and cause symptoms throughout the life of a patient d. after an initial infection, they are always present in certain body tissues e. all true

e. All true

Which is usually true of bacteria? a. they are found as rods, spheres, or spirals b. they produce by binary fission c. they contain rigid cell walls made of peptidoglycan d. they are found as single cells e. all are correct

e. all are correct

The protozoans known as apicocomplexans a. are motile b. reproduce by schizogony c. are intracellular parasites d. are motile intracellular parasites e. reproduce by schizogony and are intracellular parasites

e. reproduce by schizogony and are intracellular parasites

Hepatitis A

oral fecal route

Polio

oral fecal route

Balantidium coli

pathogenic ciliate

Disease-causing microorganisms are called ____

pathogens

Bacteria

provide protection to us from disease by covering our bodies, crowding out the "bad" bacteria.

Entamoeba histolytica

pseudopods; dysentery

Which of the following enzymes allows retroviruses to transcribe DNA from ssRNA?

reverse transcriptase

Mononucleosis

saliva

Organisms such as fungi that absorb nutrients from dead organisms are called ___

saprobes

In the name Staphylococcus aureus, aureus is the ___

specie

The protein projections on the surface of a virus that are involved in attachment to the host cell are called ____

spikes

Who is credited with first observing microorganisms?

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Which of the followowing viruses is a DNA virus that infects liver cells?

Hepadnavirus

Bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma lack cell walls. What sort of environment do they require for survival?

Isotonic

Which of the following individuals developed a set of criteria that could be used to establish a causative link between a microorganism and a particular disease?

Koch

Hyphae are associated with which of the following?

Molds

True fungal pathogen

Blastomycosis

A student has obtained a sample of pond water for study. Using the high power lens observes cells with nuclei. He can conclude that the cells are not bacteria.

True

Fungi are generally not transmitted from person to person

True

If a virus utilizes a lytic life cycle of reproduction, it will not induce tumors

True

Most DNA animal viruses replicate in the host nucleus

True

The mechanism of entry into a host cell for bacteriophage and animal virus is the same

True

Virus cause most diseases of the industrialized world

True

The microorganism __ moves by flagella and is transmitted by the reduviid bug also known as the 'kissing' bug and causes the disease ___

Trypanosoma species/ chagas disease

Retroviruses are unique in that they ___

Use RNA as a template to make DNA

If you were setting up an experiment to disprove spontaneous generation in a liquid medium, which of the following would be essential to the experiment?

Using a sterile liquid and eliminating exposure to microorganisms

In what ways do viruses differ from other pathogens?

Viruses lack cytoplasm and organelles

Trophozoite

a growing stage in the life cycle of some sporozoan parasites, when they are absorbing nutrients from the host.

Peptidoglycan

a polymer that is composed of polysaccharide and peptide chains and is found especially in bacterial cell walls

During penetration of E.coli by the t4 phage a. lysozyme is used to allow entry of the phage capsid b. the tail acts as a "hypodermic needle" injecting the phage DNA into the cell c. the protein fibers digest a hole in the cell wall d. the bacterial receptor molecule open a hole through the cell wall

b. the tail acts as a "hypodermic needle" injecting the phage DNA into the cell.

Cytoplasmic membranes of ___ are composed of a phospholipid bilayer

bacteria and eukaryotes

Streptococcus pyogenes cell reproduce by ___

binary fission

Naeglaeria fowleri

brain amoeba

Ringworm is caused by a. worms infected with fungi invading the skin b. dermatophytes that have invaded deep into the living tissue c. dermatophytes growing in the upper dead tissue layers of the skin d. a hypersensitivity caused by superficial contact with everyone e. toxins produced by dermatophytes

c. dermatophytes growing in the upper dead tissue layers of the skin

Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing most of the ATP in a eukaryotic cell? a. lysosome b. Golgi body c. mitochondrion d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum e. nucleus

c. mitochondrion

All of the following are examples of vector-borne protozoa except a. trypanosoma b. Plasmodium c. naegleria d. all are vector-borne infections

c. naegleria

Which is mismatched? a. ribosomes - protein synthesis b. inclusions - excess cell nutrients and materials c. plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism d. nucleoid - hereditary material c. cytoplasm - dense, gelatinous solution

c. plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism

What part of the attached bacteriophage enters through the host cell wall? a. the entire virus b. only the enzymes necessary for replication c. the nucleic acid e. the capsid only

c. the nucleic acid

Acts line an "invisibility cloak" and protects bacteria from being phagocytized

capsule

Oncogenic viruses ___

cause tumors to develop

Algae generally contain some type of ___

chlorophyll

HIV

contaminated needles

Hepatitis C

contaminated needles

The correct order of stages in the multiplication cycle if an animal virus consist of ____

1. attachment 2. uncoating 3. synthesis 4. assembly 5. release

Which of the following is considered a fomite? a. paper money b. dirty diaper c. bedpan d. doorknob e. ALL

All

Opportunistic fungal pathogen

Candida albicans

Trypanosoma cruzi

Chagas disease

Short, hair like structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called?

Cilia

The ability of a fungus to grow as a yeast or a mold depending on its environmental temp. is called ____

Dimorphism

Fungi that cause systemic mycoses are usually acquired by ingesting contaminated food

FALSE

Bacteria and Archaea both belong to the same domain

False

Hepatitis A, B, and C are all members of the same viral family

False

The trophozoite is the infective form of giardia intestinalis

False

Which structure is not a component of ALL cells? a. cell wall b. cell membrane c. gentetic material d. ribosomes

a. cell wall

Disease of short duration frequently followed by long term immunity are referred to as ____

acute infections

Shingles occur in ____

adults who had chicken pox as children

Enterviruses gain their name from the fact that they ____

are transmitted by the fecal/oral route

Toxoplasmosis gondii

associated with cats; spontaneous abortion

Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called ____

axial filaments

Which of the following families of DNA viruses is the most prevalent in humans? a. Poxviridae b. Herpesviridae c. Adenoviridae d. Polyomaviridae e. rhinoviridae

b. Herpesviridae

Which of the following is not a characteristic of protozoa? a. eukaryotic b. often multicellular c. usually microscopic d. often motile by cilia, flagella or pseudopods e. possess true nuclei

b. often multicellular

Giardia intestinalis

flagellate, diarrhea

Chicken pox

fomites

The best known examples of viruses that cause latent infections are ___

herpes and chicken pox

Binary fission

is a kind of asexual reproduction. It is the most common form of reproduction in prokaryotes and occurs in some single-celled eukaryotes. After replicating its genetic material, the cell divides into two nearly equal sized daughter cells.

Prions are ____

made of protein only

Plasmodium vivax

malaria

Dengue fever

mosquitoes

Yellow fever

mosquitoes

White patches on the surface of the tongue and the oral mucosa accompanied by inflammation and swelling are signs consistent with ____

thrush

Trichomonas

vaginitis

Ticks, lice, and mosquitoes often serve as ___ by carrying and transmitting pathogenic microbes

vectors

Animal viruses are divided into a number of families whose names end in ____

viridae

A phage that replicates inside the host cell and then lyses its host during its release is a ____

virulent or lytic phage