Microbiology Final (pt.2)
A complete virus particle is called a A. Capsid B. Prion C. Virion D. Viroid E. Virusoid
C.
The nucleic acids carried by viruses usually consist of A. DNA B. RNA C. Either DNA or RNA D. Both DNA and RNA simultaneously E. Proteins only
C.
What is the name for the transfer of genetic information from one bacterium to another bacterium by a phage? A. Conjugation B. Excision C. Transduction D. Transformation E. Translation
C.
Which of the following is NOT true of continuous cell lines? A. Able to be subcultured many times B. Can grow indefinitely C. Exhibit anchorage dependency D. Not affected by contact inhibition E. Usually derived from transformed cells or tumors
C.
Which of the following is an example of a chronic infection? A. Epstein-Barr virus B. Herpes simplex virus C. HIV D. Varicella-zoster virus E. All of the above
C.
Which of the following viral capsids is found in tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)? A. Binal B. Complex C. Helical D. Icosahedral E. Polyhedral
C.
Which of the following is NOT true of viroids? A. Acellular agents B. Cause plant diseases C. Do not encode gene products D. Require a helper virus E. Require host cell DNA-dependent RNA polymerase to replicate
D.
Which of the following is the largest virus found? A. Megavirus B. Mimivirus C. Pandoravirus D. Pithovirus E. Vaccinia virus
D.
Which of the following is the most common method for quantifying bacteriophages? A. Hemagglutination assay B. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays C. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) D. Plaque assay E. Reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR)
D.
Which of the following is the structural unit of the capsid of a virus? A. Capsomer B. Hexamer C. Pentamer D. Protomer E. Virion
D.
Which of the following is NOT true of persistent infections? A. Consist of latent and chronic infections B. May alter the host immune response C. May involve the regulation of the viral or host gene expressions D. The virus may remain silent or undergo productive infection E. All of the above are true
E.
Which of the following is NOT true of viral transmission? A. Can be transmitted by direct contact B. Can be transmitted by indirect contact with fomites C. Can be transmitted by a vector D. Typically infect specific host E. All of the above are true
E.
Which of the following is NOT true of viruses? A. Acellular B. Contain one or more molecules of DNA or RNA C. Genome is surrounded by a protein capsid D. Obligate intracellular parasites E. Replicate by binary fission
E.
Which of the following structure is used by a virus to bind to its host? A. Capsid B. Capsule C. Cell wall D. Envelope E. Spike
E.
______________________ are caused by infection of an animal by a virus that originated in a human. A. Reverse zoonoses B. Vector-borne diseases C. Viral infections D. Viremia E. Zoonoses
A.
A naked virus consists only of a nucleocapsid. A. True B. False
A.
A virus that infects a bacterium is called a bacteriophage. A. True B. False
A.
Biological transmission occurs when the arthropod carries the viral pathogen inside its body and transmits it to the new host through biting. A. True B. False
A.
Hemagglutination is an indirect counting method and observable without using the microscope. A. True B. False
A.
Lytic and lysogenic cycles can be found in a temperate phage. A. True B. False
A.
Most DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus A. True B. False
A.
The protein coat surrounding the viral genome is called the A. Capsid B. Capsule C. Cell wall D. Envelope E. Spike
A.
Virions in the liquid medium can be separated from the host cells by either centrifugation or filtration. A. True B. False
A.
Virusoids require a helper virus for replication. A. True B. False
A.
Which of the following is NOT a cytopathic effect? A. Cell lysis B. Changes in cell shape from flat to round C. Formation of multinucleated syncytia D. Inclusion bodies in the nucleus or cytoplasm E. Vacuoles in the cytoplasm
A.
Which of the following is NOT true of viral structures? A. Must have a nucleic acid and an envelope B. Protein structures called spikes are essential for host specificity C. Size usually ranges from 20 nm up to 900 nm D. Some animal viruses have envelopes E. The shape of their capsids varies
A.
Which of the following is the first stage in the viral infection process? A. Attachment B. Integration C. Lysis D. Maturation E. Penetration
A.
Which of the following is true of a positive-strand RNA virus? A. Can be used directly to translate viral proteins B. Must first be converted to dsDNA before it can be transcribed and translated C. Must first be converted to a mRNA before it can be translated D. Will be normally transcribed and translated E. All of the above
A.
Which of the following is true of prions? A. A misfolded form (PrPsc) of a normal protein (PrPc ) B. Consist only of naked RNA C. Contain either DNA or RNA D. Plant pathogens E. They typically need a helper virus
A.
Which of the following viral capsids is found in a bacteriophage? A. Binal B. Complex C. Helical D. Icosahedral E. Polyhedral
A.
For lytic viruses, _________________ is a phase during a viral growth curve when the virus is not detected. A. Burst B. Eclipse C. Inoculation D. Log E. Stationary
B.
The presence of the phage may alter the phenotype of the bacterium. This change in the host phenotype is called A. Lysogen B. Lysogenic conversion C. Lysogenic cycle D. Lysogeny E. Prophage
B.
The process in which a bacterium is infected by a virulent phage is called lysogeny. A. True B. False
B.
Viral envelope proteins are encoded by host cells. A. True B. False
B.
Which of the following has a complex capsid protein? A. Atadenovirus B. Bacteriophage C. Influenza virus D. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) E. All of the above
B.
Which of the following is NOT an assay that can detect a specific virus? A. Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) B. Hemagglutination assay C. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays D. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) E. Reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR)
B.
Which of the following is NOT true of transduction? A. Asexual exchange of genetic information B. Happens only during the lytic cycle C. Play an important role in the evolutionary process of bacteria D. There are two types of transduction E. All of the above are true
B.
Which of the following is a stage found only in the lysogenic cycle of a bacteriophage? A. Attachment B. Integration C. Lysis D. Maturation E. Penetration
B.
The latent form of a bacteriophage genome that integrates into the bacterial chromosome is called a ______________. A. Lysogen B. Lysogenic conversion C. Lysogenic cycle D. Lysogeny E. Prophage
E.
Viruses can be classified into different families based on A. Mechanism of multiplication B. Morphology C. Viral chemistry D. Viral genetics E. All of the above
E.