Microbiology LS Chapter 11
wolbachia pipientis
infects athropods and parasitic worms and is transmitted maternally
enterobacteriaceae get their name because they reside in the ___ tract of humans and animals
intestinal
enterococcus
intestinal tract
the normal habitat of bacteroides species in humans includes the
mouth, genital and intestinal tract
mycobacterium species stain poorly because their cell wall contains A. mycolic acids B. peptidoglycan C. carbohydrates D. a capsule
mycolic acids (waxy lipid layer)
members of the genus corynebacterium are gram + that exhibit a variety of shapes. this difference in shape is referred to as
pleomorphic
Micococcus species are gram ___ cocci
positive
facultative anaerobes preferentially use aerobic respiration if ___ is present a. S b. H2S c. O2 d. H+
c. O2
lactobacillus
common members of the microbiota in the mouth and the vagina
sulfur reducing bacteria have a positive impact on the environment because they
essential to sulfur cycle
the presence of coliforms such as E. coli in food and water indicates the possibility of ___
fecal contamination
an anaerobic chemoorganotroph that uses glucose for energy and pyruvate as its terminal electron acceptor is performing? a. fermentation b. aerobic respiration c. anaerobic respiration
fermentation
on blood agar, Streptococcus pyogenes produces B- ____, a characteristic used to differentiate this organism from the normal oral microbiota
hemolytic
pseudomonas aeruginosa can be described as an ____ pathogen because it usually causes disease in patients who have underlying medical conditions
opportunistic
obligate intercellular parasites cannot
reproduce outside a host cell
diseases caused by chlamydia and chalmydophila
1. eye infections 2. STI mimics gonorrhea 3. atypical pneumonia 4. form of pneumonia (psittacosis)
genus vibrio
1. found in marine environments 2. require low levels of Na+ 3. gram negative straight or slightly curved 4. facultative anaerobes
Bifidobacterium species are
1. gram + rod shaped anaerobes 2. part of the intestinal tract
species of Pseudomonas
1. gram - 2. possess polar flagella 3. use oxygen as TEA 4. have diverse biochemical capabilities
Bordetella species
1. gram - 2.nutrionally fastidious 3. grow ONLY aerobically 4. small aerobic coccobacilli
haemophilus species are
1. gram - coccobacilli 2. inhabit respiratory tract 3. blood loving
species of Campylobacter and Helicobacter are
1. microaerophilic 2. curved gram - rods
Coxiella burnetti is an obligate bacterium that
1. q fever of humans 2. suvives well outside host cell 3. can form call cell variants
Micrococcus species are
1. typically pigmented 2. salt tolerant 3. tolerant of dry conditions 4.gram positive 5. obligate aerobes
obligate aerobes obtain energy using A. respiration or fermentation B. respiration only C. fermentation only
B. respiration only
Chemoorganotrophs that perform ___ often use sulfur or sulfate as a TEA (terminal electron acceptor) A. fermentation b. aerobic respiration c. anaerobic respiration
C. anaerobic
Deinococcus species have the ability to withstand a. very high temps b. very low pH levels c. very cold temps d. high doses of radiation
D. high doses of radiation
true or false scientists now understand the true diversity of microbial life and have determined the relationship between the millions of prokaryotes that exist
False
an important trait of species of the thermophilic Thermus is their
Heat stable enzymes
species noted for their medical significance in the genus Neisseria are ______ and ______
N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis
early chemotrophs may have used all the following to harvest energy except a. anaerobic respiration b. aerobic respiration c. fermentation
B. Aerobic
a reason why environments that are routinely exposed to O2 can support anaerobic growth is that a. anaerobic organisms create an anaerobic environment b. anaerobic organisms outcompete aerobes c. O2 consuming organisms depletes the O2 levels
C. O2 consuming organisms depletes the O2 levels
which of the following can distinguish members of the genus staphylococcus from streptococcus, enterococcus, and lactococcus a. ability to cause disease b. presence of the enzyme catalase
b. presence of the enzyme catalase
anoxic
lack Oxygen
humans infected with helicobacter pylori may develop peptic ___
ulcers
mycoplasma pneumoniae is medically significant because it causes
walking pneumoniae which cannot be treated with antimicrobials that target peptidoglycan synthesis
gram positive pleomorphic rods that are club-shaped and arranged to form V shapes or palisades (side to side stacks) are referred to as ___ or ___
coryneforms or diphtheroids
all of the following are true of genus Clostridium except a. common in soil inhabitants b. they produce endospores c. some species cause disease d. gram negative rods
gram negative rods
propionibacteria produce _____ as their major fermentation end product
propionic acid
lactococcus
includes species used to make cheese
as a group chemolithotrophs __ to obtain energy a. oxidize reduced inorganic chemicals such as hydrogen gas b. reduce oxidized inorganic chemicals such as hydrogen gas c. oxidize reduced organic compounds such as sugars d. reduce reduced organic compounds such as sugars
A. oxidize reduced inorganic chemicals such as hydrogen gas
methanogens, a group of archaea that generate methane, can be found in environments that___ A. contain CO2 B. Contain H2 C. are aerobic D. Lack O2
A<B<D contain CO2 Contain H2 Lack O2
methanogens are organisms that ____ A. use CO2 as a TEA B. generate Methane C. can be defined as phototroph d. obtain energy by oxidizing hydrogen gas E. belong to the domain bacteria
A<B>D a. use CO2 as TEA B generate Methane D. obtain energy by oxidizing Hydrogen gas
bacteria that thrive in salty and dry environments are
Staphylococcus
T/F Methane gas produced by methanogens can be collected and used for generating electricity
T
antibiotics that interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis are ineffective in the treatment of mycoplasma infections because the organism lacks
a cell wall
which of the following is not a characteristic of the lactic acid bacteria a. possess the enzyme catalase b. can only ferment c. produce lactic acid from fermentation d. most can grow in aerobic environments
a possess the enzyme catalase
Chalmydia and chalymdophila species can exist in the host cell as non infectious ____ which can then replicate into smaller dense appearing infectious _____
reticulate and elementary bodies
Wolbachia pipientis can be found inside parasitic worms that cause
river blindness and elephantiasis
Treponema pallidum causes sexually transmitted disease in humans called
syphilis
Wolbachia pipientis is significant medically in river blindness and elephantiasis because
the immune response to the bacteria contributes to chronic inflammation and resides within the filarial worms that cause these diseases
Rickettsia rickettsii causes rocky mountain spotted fever, which transmitted through the bite of a
tick /lice
An anaerobic chemoorganotroph that uses glucose for energy and pyruvate as its TEA is performing ___ A. anaerobic B. fermentation C. aerobic
B fermentation
aerobic chemoorganotrophs oxidize organic compounds to obtain energy using ___ as a TEA
O2
anaerobic chemoorganotrophs A. produce ATP via substrate level phosphorylation B. can obtain energy via fermentation C. Use inorganic energy source to produce ATP
A> B A. Produce ATP via substrate level phosphorylation B. can obtain energy via fermentation
aerobic chemoorganotrophs obtain their energy by___ A. oxidizing organic compounds B. oxidizing chemicals like ammonia C. using O2 as TEA D. using S as TEA E. producing CO2 and H2O
A>C> E A. Oxidizing organic compounds C. using O2 as TEA E. producing H2O and CO2