Microbiology LS Chapter 11

wolbachia pipientis

infects athropods and parasitic worms and is transmitted maternally

enterobacteriaceae get their name because they reside in the ___ tract of humans and animals

intestinal

enterococcus

intestinal tract

the normal habitat of bacteroides species in humans includes the

mouth, genital and intestinal tract

mycobacterium species stain poorly because their cell wall contains A. mycolic acids B. peptidoglycan C. carbohydrates D. a capsule

mycolic acids (waxy lipid layer)

members of the genus corynebacterium are gram + that exhibit a variety of shapes. this difference in shape is referred to as

pleomorphic

Micococcus species are gram ___ cocci

positive

facultative anaerobes preferentially use aerobic respiration if ___ is present a. S b. H2S c. O2 d. H+

c. O2

lactobacillus

common members of the microbiota in the mouth and the vagina

sulfur reducing bacteria have a positive impact on the environment because they

essential to sulfur cycle

the presence of coliforms such as E. coli in food and water indicates the possibility of ___

fecal contamination

an anaerobic chemoorganotroph that uses glucose for energy and pyruvate as its terminal electron acceptor is performing? a. fermentation b. aerobic respiration c. anaerobic respiration

fermentation

on blood agar, Streptococcus pyogenes produces B- ____, a characteristic used to differentiate this organism from the normal oral microbiota

hemolytic

pseudomonas aeruginosa can be described as an ____ pathogen because it usually causes disease in patients who have underlying medical conditions

opportunistic

obligate intercellular parasites cannot

reproduce outside a host cell

diseases caused by chlamydia and chalmydophila

1. eye infections 2. STI mimics gonorrhea 3. atypical pneumonia 4. form of pneumonia (psittacosis)

genus vibrio

1. found in marine environments 2. require low levels of Na+ 3. gram negative straight or slightly curved 4. facultative anaerobes

Bifidobacterium species are

1. gram + rod shaped anaerobes 2. part of the intestinal tract

species of Pseudomonas

1. gram - 2. possess polar flagella 3. use oxygen as TEA 4. have diverse biochemical capabilities

Bordetella species

1. gram - 2.nutrionally fastidious 3. grow ONLY aerobically 4. small aerobic coccobacilli

haemophilus species are

1. gram - coccobacilli 2. inhabit respiratory tract 3. blood loving

species of Campylobacter and Helicobacter are

1. microaerophilic 2. curved gram - rods

Coxiella burnetti is an obligate bacterium that

1. q fever of humans 2. suvives well outside host cell 3. can form call cell variants

Micrococcus species are

1. typically pigmented 2. salt tolerant 3. tolerant of dry conditions 4.gram positive 5. obligate aerobes

obligate aerobes obtain energy using A. respiration or fermentation B. respiration only C. fermentation only

B. respiration only

Chemoorganotrophs that perform ___ often use sulfur or sulfate as a TEA (terminal electron acceptor) A. fermentation b. aerobic respiration c. anaerobic respiration

C. anaerobic

Deinococcus species have the ability to withstand a. very high temps b. very low pH levels c. very cold temps d. high doses of radiation

D. high doses of radiation

true or false scientists now understand the true diversity of microbial life and have determined the relationship between the millions of prokaryotes that exist

False

an important trait of species of the thermophilic Thermus is their

Heat stable enzymes

species noted for their medical significance in the genus Neisseria are ______ and ______

N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis

early chemotrophs may have used all the following to harvest energy except a. anaerobic respiration b. aerobic respiration c. fermentation

B. Aerobic

a reason why environments that are routinely exposed to O2 can support anaerobic growth is that a. anaerobic organisms create an anaerobic environment b. anaerobic organisms outcompete aerobes c. O2 consuming organisms depletes the O2 levels

C. O2 consuming organisms depletes the O2 levels

which of the following can distinguish members of the genus staphylococcus from streptococcus, enterococcus, and lactococcus a. ability to cause disease b. presence of the enzyme catalase

b. presence of the enzyme catalase

anoxic

lack Oxygen

humans infected with helicobacter pylori may develop peptic ___

ulcers

mycoplasma pneumoniae is medically significant because it causes

walking pneumoniae which cannot be treated with antimicrobials that target peptidoglycan synthesis

gram positive pleomorphic rods that are club-shaped and arranged to form V shapes or palisades (side to side stacks) are referred to as ___ or ___

coryneforms or diphtheroids

all of the following are true of genus Clostridium except a. common in soil inhabitants b. they produce endospores c. some species cause disease d. gram negative rods

gram negative rods

propionibacteria produce _____ as their major fermentation end product

propionic acid

lactococcus

includes species used to make cheese

as a group chemolithotrophs __ to obtain energy a. oxidize reduced inorganic chemicals such as hydrogen gas b. reduce oxidized inorganic chemicals such as hydrogen gas c. oxidize reduced organic compounds such as sugars d. reduce reduced organic compounds such as sugars

A. oxidize reduced inorganic chemicals such as hydrogen gas

methanogens, a group of archaea that generate methane, can be found in environments that___ A. contain CO2 B. Contain H2 C. are aerobic D. Lack O2

A<B<D contain CO2 Contain H2 Lack O2

methanogens are organisms that ____ A. use CO2 as a TEA B. generate Methane C. can be defined as phototroph d. obtain energy by oxidizing hydrogen gas E. belong to the domain bacteria

A<B>D a. use CO2 as TEA B generate Methane D. obtain energy by oxidizing Hydrogen gas

bacteria that thrive in salty and dry environments are

Staphylococcus

T/F Methane gas produced by methanogens can be collected and used for generating electricity

T

antibiotics that interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis are ineffective in the treatment of mycoplasma infections because the organism lacks

a cell wall

which of the following is not a characteristic of the lactic acid bacteria a. possess the enzyme catalase b. can only ferment c. produce lactic acid from fermentation d. most can grow in aerobic environments

a possess the enzyme catalase

Chalmydia and chalymdophila species can exist in the host cell as non infectious ____ which can then replicate into smaller dense appearing infectious _____

reticulate and elementary bodies

Wolbachia pipientis can be found inside parasitic worms that cause

river blindness and elephantiasis

Treponema pallidum causes sexually transmitted disease in humans called

syphilis

Wolbachia pipientis is significant medically in river blindness and elephantiasis because

the immune response to the bacteria contributes to chronic inflammation and resides within the filarial worms that cause these diseases

Rickettsia rickettsii causes rocky mountain spotted fever, which transmitted through the bite of a

tick /lice

An anaerobic chemoorganotroph that uses glucose for energy and pyruvate as its TEA is performing ___ A. anaerobic B. fermentation C. aerobic

B fermentation

aerobic chemoorganotrophs oxidize organic compounds to obtain energy using ___ as a TEA

O2

anaerobic chemoorganotrophs A. produce ATP via substrate level phosphorylation B. can obtain energy via fermentation C. Use inorganic energy source to produce ATP

A> B A. Produce ATP via substrate level phosphorylation B. can obtain energy via fermentation

aerobic chemoorganotrophs obtain their energy by___ A. oxidizing organic compounds B. oxidizing chemicals like ammonia C. using O2 as TEA D. using S as TEA E. producing CO2 and H2O

A>C> E A. Oxidizing organic compounds C. using O2 as TEA E. producing H2O and CO2