Microbiology Questions Unit 1-

The scientific process order-

1. Make an observation about something and ask a question about the situation. 2. Develop an explanation and then devise an experiment to test this explanation. 3. Collect data from this experiment. 4. Draw a conclusion.

Characteristics of archaea that are similar to bacteria include their _______.

1. energy sources used 2. prokaryotic cell structure 3. method of multiplication 4. shapes

Which of the following describes a viroid?

1. it consists of RNA 2. it can infect plants

Bacteria are described as:

1. shapes that include rods, spherical, and spiral 2. some obtain energy from foods similar to what humans eat 3. some obtain energy from sources not used by animals or plants 4. they multiply by binary fission 5. some obtain energy from sunlight

Which of the following are characteristic of protozoa?

1. single-celled eukaryotes 2. microscopic

Where are algae most likely to be found?

1. surface of oceans, lakes, and streams 2. moist terrestrial habitats

True statements regarding viruses.

1. viruses are nonliving 2. viruses are acellular 3. viruses are smaller than most bacteria

Which of the following best describes the cultivation of microorganisms in the laboratory?

Less than 1% of microorganisms can be cultivated.

What are found in prokaryotic cells?

Ribosomes, chromosomes, plasma membrane

The term staphylococci is an informal name for species of the genus ________.

Staphylococcus

Which of the following describes how fungi gain energy?

They degrade organic materials with enzymes.

Unlike other organisms, most ____ have cell walls that contain peptidoglycan.

bacteria

The domains _____ and ______ are made up of prokaryotes.

bacteria and archaea

What can reproduce independently?

bacteria and archaea

In algae, photosynthesis takes place in _____, which have chlorophyll, a green pigment.

chloroplasts

A scientific experiment includes a component that rules out alternative explanations of the results by showing that the only feature that varied in the experiment was the characteristic being tested. The component that does this is called a _______.

control.

An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in England was controlled by _______.

destroying millions of pig, sheep, and cattle

Members of which domains can be infected by viruses?

eukarya, bacteria, and archaea

Fungi, algae, protozoa, and helminths are all _____.

eukarya.

What are all commonly found in algae?

flagella, chloroplasts, a nucleus, and a cell wall

For the name Streptococcus pyogenes, the first part (Streptococcus) indicated the _____ and give information about the shape of the organism.

genus

Prions are _____.

infectious proteins

The cellulose that makes up the plant cell walls of grass can be digested by certain species of _______.

microbes.

Organisms that populate the human body and which protect it from disease are termed normal _______.

microbiota.

A ____ is the term used for any disease-causing microorganism.

pathogen

In general, disease-causing organisms are referred to as?

pathogens

Infectious diseases can reemerge as a result of _______.

pathogens becoming resistant to antimicrobial medications and parents refusing to vaccinate their children

Which disease is less common due to rat control, precautions taken with infected patients, and antibiotic treatment?

plague

Which is a paralysis-inducing disease that has been nearly eliminated due to vaccination?

polio

Which of the following are the most resistant to sterilization techniques?

prions

What cannot reproduce independently?

prions and viroids

Algae and protozoa are also referred to as _______.

protists.

Without microorganisms, substances required for human life would such as oxygen and organic nitrogen would __________.

run out.

Characteristics of archaea that are similar to bacteria include their ______.

shapes, energy sources used, prokaryotic cell structure, and method of multiplication

Members of the genus Staphylococcus are often referred to by the informal name __________.

staphylococci

If cattle, deer, and sheep had a microbe-free digestive tract, they would ________.

starve

The genus name Escherichia originates from _____.

the name of a scientist.

What is biotechnology?

the use of microorganism to solve practical problems

True or False: Although the best studied archaea inhabit extreme environments, many others are widely distributed in soils, oceans, marshes, and even the intestinal tracts of animals.

true

An example of bioremediation

using microbes to break down oil after a spill in the ocean

Which of the following is a single-celled fungus?

yeast

The term _____ refers to a multicellular parasite such as a roundworm or tapeworm.

helminth

True or False: Over the last 100 years, improvements in health have been in part due to using antibiotics to treat infectious diseases and vaccines to prevent them.

true

As important decomposers, fungi obtain nutrients by __.

secreting enzymes to degrade organic material in the environment

In the name Escherichia coli K12, the part after the species is the ____ designation.

strain

What is written properly?

Escherichia cali

Which of the following can be infected by viruses?

plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, and protists

Eukaryotic organisms can be ______.

single-celled and multi-celled.

Bioremediation

process by which microbes carry out the decomposition of harmful chemicals.

Unlike newspaper or blog articles, communications about scientific discoveries in respected scientific journals include ______.

1. information about the methods used in the experiment 2. a pre-publication review process 3. detailed information that led to the conclusions

What is the difference between archaea and bacteria?

Bacteria possess peptidoglycan in their cell walls whereas archaea do not.

Based on the name, the characteristics of which organism are probably different? 1. Escherichia vulneris 2. Escherichia coli K12 3. Balantidium coli 4. Escherichia coli B

Balantidium coli

Because less than 1% of microorganisms can currently be grown in the laboratory, most of what we know about the other 99% comes from _______.

DNA sequencing

Which of the following is/are the correct way to write an organism's binomial name?

1. Staphylococcus aureus 2. S. aureus

What are commonly found in algae?

1. chloroplasts 2. flagella 3. a cell wall 4. a nucleus

Technically speaking, viruses are not microorganisms because they are not ______.

composed of cells.

Which infectious disease killed more people in 1918-1919 than died in World War I and II combined?

influenza

Why do microorganisms serve as important models for study of higher organisms?

microorganisms have the same fundamental metabolic and genetic properties as other organisms.

What are characteristics that describe protozoa?

1. most are motile 2. can be found in terrestrial and aquatic habitats

Which of the following characteristics describe protozoa?

1. most are motile 2. can be found in terrestrial and aquatic habitats

What are classified as acellular infectious agents?

1. prions 2. viruses 3. viroids

______ is the domain of organisms whose cells have a nucleus and various organelles.

Eukarya

What cell type is usually larger in size? Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

Eukaryotic