Microsoft Azure Fundamentals (AZ-900)

Syntax to install Azure RM module

# Find out PS version (needs 5.1 or higher) $psvertiontable # Install module Install-Module azurerm # Login to Azure RM module Login-AzureRmAccount

What are Azure Regions?

- 58 regions worldwide - Available in 140 countries - A set of data centers deployed within a latency-defined perimeter and connected through a dedicated regional low-latency network.

What is Cloud Computing?

- A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services). - Can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.

What are Azure Resource Groups (RG)?

- A new approach to group a collection of assets in logical groups for easy or even automatic provisioning, monitoring, and access control, and for more effective management of their costs.

What is a Gateway Subnet?

- A special subnet specifically for the GW. - We cannot create any other resource apart from the GW in the GW subnet.

What is a Azure ExpressRoute Circuit?

- An Azure service that lets you create private connections between Microsoft datacenters and infrastructure that's on your premises or in a colocation facility. - Can be in the same subscription, different subscriptions, or a mix of both.

What does the key characteristic of Cloud Computing, Broad Network Access mean?

- Any network, anytime, any location. - Internet is the backbone. - Any web-enabled device.

What are Azure Availability Zones?

- Availability Zones are physically separate locations within an Azure region. - Each Availability Zone is made up of one or more data centers equipped with independent power, cooling, and networking. - Availability Zones allow customers to run mission-critical applications with high availability and low-latency replication.

What are the core Azure architectural components that serve as the building blocks for any Azure solution?

- Azure Regions - Azure Availability Zones - Azure Resource Groups (RG) - Azure Resource Manager (ARM)

What is ARM?

- Azure Resource Manager - The underlying technology that powers resource groups. - ARM was built by Microsoft in response to the shortcomings of the old Azure Service Manager (ASM) technology that powered the old Azure management portal.

What are the different Azure management tools?

- Azure Tools (Azure CLI, Powershell, Azure Portal, Azure Cloud Shell) - Azure Advisor (Personalized cloud consultant that helps you follow best practices to optimize your Azure deployments. It analyzes your resource configuration and usage telemetry and then recommends solutions that can help you improve the cost effectiveness, performance, high availability, and security of your Azure resources.)

What is an Azure VNET?

- Azure Virtual Network - The backbone of the entire infrastructure in MS Azure. - A representation of your own network in the cloud. - Services and VMs within a VNET can communicate directly and securely with each other in the cloud.

What is a Hybrid Cloud?

- Combination of public and private clouds; scale private infrastructure to the cloud. - Some resources/infrastructure are hosted on-premise and some are hosted by the cloud provider.

What are the core Azure products?

- Compute (VMs, VM Scale Sets, App Service, Functions, Azure Container Instances (ACI), Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) - Networking (Virtual Network (VNet), Load Balancer (LB), VPN GW, App GW, Content Delivery Network (CDN)) - Storage (Azure Storage - (Blob, File, Table, Queue), Managed Storage, Backup and Recovery) - Databases (Cosmos DB, Azure SQL DB, Azure DB for MySQL, Azure DB for PostgreSQL, Azure DB for Migration Services, Azure Synapse Analytics (formerly SQL data warehouse)

What is a Public Cloud?

- Computing services offered over the public internet; anyone can sign up. - 100% of resources/infrastructure are hosted by the cloud provider. - Only pay for resources needed.

What is a Private Cloud?

- Computing services offered to only select users; internal or corporate cloud. - 100% of resources/infrastructure is hosted on-premise.

What does the key characteristic of Cloud Computing, On-Demand Self-Service mean?

- Customer can select the resource needed. - Customer can access at anytime and from anywhere. - Customer can upgrade/downgrade services anytime.

What does the key characteristic of Cloud Computing, Rapid Elasticity mean?

- Customer's resource scalability (horizontal & vertical). + Horizontal Scaling: Scaling in & out (Ex. server CPU threshold exceeded, more servers are added.). + Vertical Scaling: Scaling up & down (Ex. Power off server to increase storage from 2GB to 4GB). - Customer's resource flexibility.

Cloud computing allows for decentralizing IT costs and allocating those costs to those incurring them. This constitutes which of the following?

Chargeback

One of the benefits of cloud computing is that it can scale up and down as needed. What is this called?

Elasticity

What technology should you use to protect sensitive data in the public cloud?

Encryption

Which of these is a well-known public cloud file storage solution?

Google Drive

What is a firewall called in MS Azure?

Network Security Group

If a developer wants to test some new code they have written as quickly as possible what cloud solution should they choose?

PaaS

What's the document that specifies the compensation from your cloud provider if they don't meet their obligations to you?

SLA (Service Level Agreement)

Office 365 is an example of what type of cloud computing?

SaaS

What ensures that multiple consumers of a private cloud can't access each other's data?

Secure multi-tenancy

You need to run an Azure CLI command to create a virtual machine. This needs to be done as soon as possible. What should you do?

Start the Cloud Shell in the Azure portal and run the command.

What is Subnetting?

The process of dividing a network into 2 or more smaller networks.

What happens when new features are released from a SaaS cloud provider?

They are incorporated and updated without additional cost.

What command is used to log into Azure CLI?

az login

What are the benefits of using cloud services?

- High Availability: The ability of a system to respond to users; uptime closer to 100%. - Scalability: The ability of a system to handle growth of users or work. - Elasticity: The ability for a system to automatically grow and shrink based on application demand. - Agility: The ability to change rapidly based on changes to market or environment. - Fault Tolerance: The ability of a system to handle faults like power, networking, or hardware failure. - Disaster Recovery: The ability for a system to recover from failure within a period of time, and how much data is lost. - Economies of Scale: It's cheaper for Microsoft to run a server than you can ever achieve yourself. - Capital Expenditure (CapEx): The money invested in assets (like computers) that return investment over time. - Operational Expenditure (OpEx): Money spent everyday on operational expenses; money that can be immediately deducted from income to reduce your taxable expenses. - Consumption-Based Model: Pay per minute, pay per hour, pay per execution.

What are the different service types for cloud?

- Iaas (Infrastructure as a Service) - PaaS (Platform as a Service - SaaS (Software as a Service)

What is IaaS?

- Infrastructure as a Service - Ex. Virtual machines, networking, load balancing, FWs.

What are the core Azure solutions?

- Internet of Things (IoT) (IoT Hub, IoT Central) - Big Data and Analytics (Azure Synapse Analytics (formerly SQL data warehouse), HDInsight, Azure Databricks) - Serverless (Azure Functions, Logic Apps, Event Grid)

What are the 5 key characteristics of Cloud Computing?

- On-demand self-service - Broad network access - Resource pooling - Rapid elasticity - Measured service

What does the key characteristic of Cloud Computing, Measured Service mean?

- Pay as you go. - No rental. - Financial control over business process.

What is PaaS?

- Platform as a Service - Upload code packages and have them run, without access to the hardware. - Devs can test on the backend. - Ex. PostgreSQL DBs, Oracle DBs, etc.

What are the different cloud concepts?

- Public cloud - Private cloud - Hybrid cloud

What does the key characteristic of Cloud Computing, Resource Pooling mean?

- Scale up/down resources based on customer/business. - Achieve multi-tenancy (multiple tenants sharing resources).

What is SaaS?

- Software as a Service - Access to configuration only - Ex. Google, Facebook, Twitter, etc.

How does IaaS, PaaS, & SaaS compare when building a traditional on-premise server?

- Traditional IT: You manager everything - IaaS: You manage applications, data, runtime, middleware, and OS. - PaaS: You manage applications, data. - SaaS: You manage nothing

What are the different design types of VNETs?

- VNET peering - VPN or Azure ExpressRoute - 2 tier - Multipathing - Jump host

What is VNET Peering?

- VNET to VNET - How subnets communicate with one another. - Uses a gateway (GW) to talk between subnets. - Uses VPN to connect GWs