Middle School Biology

List the conditions necessaary for all forms of life

1. A suitable temperature 2. A source of energy 3. Water

State the three main points of the Cell Theory

1. All organisms are composed of cells and the products of cells 2. All cells come from pre-existing cells 3. The cell is the smallest living organisational unit

Compare Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells, 3 similarities and 3 differences.

3 Differences - Different size, Only Eukaryotic has a nucleus, Eukaryotic are usually multicellular, Prokaryotic are usually unicellular. 3 Similarities - Both have vaculoes, Both have vesicles, Both made up of cells.

Compare cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

A cell is a basic unit of all living organisms, a tissue is a collection of similar cells, a organ is part of a living organism and a organ system is a group of organs which combine to perform certain functions.

What is the process of cell specialisation?

As cells develop they become different and begin to produce different proteins and become structually and functionally different. Certin genes are switched on and certain genes are switched off.

What is Biology

Biology is the study of living organisms

Word and symbol equations for photosynthesis. In what organelle does this process occur?

Carbon Dioxide + water > glucose + oxygen + water This process occurs in the chloroplasts.

List and describe the levels of structure in organisms

Cell - A basic unit of all living things Tissue - A collection of similar cells Organ - Part of a living organism Organ System - A group of organs which combine to perform certin functions.

What organelles can be seen under the light microscope in a animal cell?

Cell Membrane, Nucleus

What is the relative sizes of cells? Why is the size of a cell limited?

Cells vary in size but most are between 10 and 100 micrometers. As it grows it increases more quickly in volume than in surface area and the surface area is not fast enough to allow the cell to grow any more and still function efficiently.

State the function of the cell membrane

Controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell. It encloses the cytoplasm in all cells.

Living organisms can be classified into two broad groups. What are they?

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells.

What are the 6 Kingdom Classification? How are they classified?

Kingdom Archaea Kingdomm Monera (bacteria) Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Protista Kindgom Fungi They are classified on their characterists and structure.

List 5 main organelles found in eukaryotic cells

Membrane - bound nucleus Ribosomes Vacuole Mitochondria Golgi apparatus

List and describe the 6 characteristics?

Movement - The ability to move Nutrition - The ability to obtain food Growth - Increase in size Respiration- The release of energy from glucose sugar Excretion - The elimination of waste material Sensitivity - The ability to react to change

Characteristics of living cells

Movement, Nutrition, Growth, Respiration, Excretion, Sensitivity, Reproduction

Which organelles can be seen under the light microscope in a plant cell?

Nucleus, Chloroplast, Cell Wall

Describe how different living organisms obtain their nutritional requirements

Plant cells photosynthesis by using energy from the sun and converting to carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Other cells use cellular respiration where a series of chemical reactions using glucose and oxygen and producing carbon dioxide and water.

Compare and contrast plant and animal cells.

Plant: Cell Wall, Chloroplast Similar: Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Vacuole, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Nuclear Membrane, Nucleolus, Mitochondria. Animal: Lysosome

Cell structures common to all cells

There is no typical cell as they are all specialised for different purposes but in all cells tbe cytoplasm is enclosed within an outer cell membrane and they all contain DNA.

The difference between uni and multicellular organims?

Uni cells can survive on their own and mulitcellur are more complex and need a group of cells to survive.

Word and symbol equations for cellular respiration. In what organelle does this process occur?

glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water + heat energy This process occurs in the mitochondria.