Midterm Chapter 2

________ assesses the consistency of observations by different observers.

inter-rater reliability

A sample that ________ is most likely to yield generalizable results.

is large and randomly selected

The scientific process is ________, involving both inductive and deductive reasoning.

circular

________ are subjects of psychological research.

participants

The Tuskegee Syphilis Study was ethically problematic because ________.

participants were not allowed to seek available treatment

American researchers studying the effects of physical attractiveness on compliance wish to expand the cross-cultural generalizability of their findings to a Lebanese population. They travel to Lebanon and recruit local residents, whom the American researchers rate as attractive or unattractive, to act as experimental confederates. However, they are unable to replicate their research findings. What is a potential problem with this research?

The study may not be valid due to differences in standards of attractiveness between cultures.

Which of the following is not a potential problem associated with relying on college students as participants in psychological research?

They have higher attrition rates than other populations.

Many studies that cannot ethically be conducted as experiments with typical human participants ________.

are possible to test with animal studies

Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in a(n) ________ of conjoined twins who are joined at the head.

case study

A major advantage of case studies is ________.

detailed information

A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.

longitudinal

Scientific knowledge is advanced through a process known as ________.

the scientific method

________ refers to the ability of an instrument or tool to accurately measure what it is supposed to measure.

validity

Which of the following would be difficult to assess using empirical research?

whether the id, ego, or superego is most responsible for emotional reactions

The D.A.R.E. program is an example of ________.

why empirical research is needed