Midterm Exam Practice for Mr.Fowler

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The charge of an electron is a. -2 b. +1 c. -1 d. 0

-1

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56625/14/11846/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar001-1.jpg Which molecule is glycerol? a. 14 b. 6 c. 10 d. 1 e. 15

On the Celsius temperature scale, how many degrees are between the freezing and boiling points of water? a. 68 b. 212 c. 100 d. 1000

100

The chemical formula for table sugar is C12H22O11. How many oxygen atoms are in each sugar molecule? a. 12 b. 11 c. 2 d. 22

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56625/14/11846/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar001-1.jpg Which of the following molecules could be joined together by a phosphodiester type of covalent bond? a. 11 and 13 b. 11 and 12 c. 6 and 15 d. 3 and 8 e. 3 and 4

11 and 12

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56629/13/11845/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar001-1.jpg Which of the following combinations could be linked together to form a nucleotide? a. 12, 14, and 15 b. 11, 12, and 13 c. 3, 7, and 8 d. 1, 2, and 11 e. 5, 9, and 10

11, 12, and 13

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56629/13/11845/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar001-1.jpg Which of the following molecules is the pentose sugar found in RNA? Select one: a. 6 b. 12 c. 4 d. 1 e. 13

Each molecule of table sugar, C12H22O11, contains a. 1 atom of carbon. b. 6 atoms of carbon. c. 0 atoms of carbon. d. 12 atoms of carbon.

12 atoms of carbon

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56640/16/11847/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar001-1.jpg Which of the following molecules is a purine type of nitrogenous base? a. 12 b. 2 c. 5 d. 13 e. 3

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56623/18/11851/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar001-1.jpg Which of the following molecules contains a glycosidic linkage type of covalent bond? a. 15 b. 13 c. 6 d. 4 e. 12

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56625/14/11846/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar001-1.jpg Which of the following molecules act as building blocks (monomers) of polypeptides? a. 1, 4, and 6 b. 7, 8, and 13 c. 11, 12, and 13 d. 12, 13, and 15 e. 2, 7, and 8

2,7, and 8

How many centimeters are in 2.4 km? a. 240 b. 240,000 c. 2400 d. 24,000

240,000

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56629/13/11845/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar001-1.jpg Which molecule has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and would be found in plasma membranes? a. 6 b. 12 c. 1 d. 5 e. 14

A solution that is mildly acidic would have a pH of approximately Select one: a. 2. b. 8. c. 4. d. 6.

The chemical symbol for sulfuric acid is H2SO4. How many atoms are contained in each molecule of sulfuric acid? a. 6 b. 7 c. 5 d. 3

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56629/13/11845/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar001-1.jpg Which of the following molecules is an amino acid with a hydrophobic R group or side chain? a. 7 b. 3 c. 8 d. 12 e. 13

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56623/18/11851/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar001-1.jpg Which of the following molecules could be joined together by a peptide bond as a result of a dehydration reaction? a. 12 and 13 b. 7 and 8 c. 3 and 7 d. 2 and 3 e. 8 and 9

7 and 8

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56640/16/11847/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar001-1.jpg Which molecule is a saturated fatty acid? a. 8 b. 5 c. 9 d. 1 e. 6

Which functional group shown in Figure 3.4 is characteristic of alcohols? a. A (Hydroxyl) b. D (Amino) c. C (Carboxyl) d. E (Sulfhydryl) e. B (Carbonyl)

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56648/16/11936/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar006-1.jpg Which bond in Figure 3.12 is closest to the amino-terminus of the molecule? a. E b. D c. C d. A e. B

A student is testing algae growing in aquariums. To each he adds equal amount of water, algae and a certain amount of commercial fertilizer. He then measures the amount of oxygen in the water as the algae blooms. He also has setup two negative control groups. What does the student need to do to create a valid set of negative control groups? a. A tank with algae but no added fertilizer.A tank without algae, but with fertilizer. b. A tank without algae, but with fertilizer.A tank without algae or fertilizer. c. A tank with algae and an average amount of fertilizer. A tank without algae or fertilizer. d. A tank without algae or fertilizer.A tank with algae but no added fertilizer.

A tank with algae but no added fertilizer.A tank without algae, but with fertilizer

Which statement about bases is incorrect? a. All bases contain hydroxide ions. b. All bases turn red litmus paper blue. c. All bases feel slippery. d. All bases taste bitter.

All bases contain hydroxide ions

A protein that fits into the cell membrane a. has two polar ends that are attracted to water. b. floats in the cell membrane. c. All of the above d. has a nonpolar middle section.

All of the above

Ion channel gates close the pores of some ion channels in response to a. stretching of the cell membrane. b. a change in electrical charge. c. the binding of specific molecules to the channel. d. All of the above

All of the above

Living things a. require energy to carry on life processes. b. are composed of cells. c. have the ability to reproduce. d. All of the above

All of the above

Phospholipids are molecules that a. All of the above b. contain phosphate. c. form the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. d. have nonpolar "tails" and polar "heads."

All of the above

The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that a. receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum. b. is involved in the distribution of proteins. c. All of the above d. packages molecules made in the endoplasmic reticulum.

All of the above

When a signal molecule binds to a receptor protein, the receptor protein may a. All of the above b. catalyze certain chemical reactions in the cell. c. cause the formation of a second messenger molecule. d. change the permeability of the membrane.

All of the above

Which of the following is characteristic of all living things? a. reproduction b. metabolism c. cellular organization d. All of the above

All of the above

Experimental Design: A student is testing algae growing in aquariums. To each he adds equal amount of water, algae and a certain amount of commercial fertilzer. He then measures the amount of oxygen in the water as the algae blooms. He also has setup two negative control groups. https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56625/4/89/ppg__examview__Chapter_1_The_Science_of_Biology__nar002-1.jpg Assuming that the level of oxygen remains the same in your negative control groups, what conclusions can be made from this project? Select one: a. As fertilizer causes algae to grow, fertilzer uses oxygen. b. As fertilizer causes algae to grow, algae uses oxygen. c. As fertilizer causes algae to grow, fertilzer produces oxygen. d. As fertilizer causes algae to grow, algae produces oxygen.

As fertilizer causes algae to grow, algae uses oxygen

Experimental Design: A student is testing algae growing in aquariums. To each he adds equal amount of water, algae and a certain amount of commercial fertilzer. He then measures the amount of oxygen in the water as the algae blooms. He also has setup two negative control groups.What analysis can be made from this graph? https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56623/6/88/ppg__examview__Chapter_1_The_Science_of_Biology__nar002-1.jpg a. As the amount of fertilizer increases, the amount of water decreases. b. As the amount of fertilizer increases, the amount of algae decreases. c. As the amount of fertilizer increases, the amount of oxygen decreases. d. As the amount of fertilizer increases, the amount of algae increases.

As the amount of fertilizer increases, the amount of oxygen decreases

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56629/15/11926/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar003-1.jpg Which molecule shown in Figure 3.5 has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde? a. B b. E c. C d. D e. A

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56647/17/11922/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar003-1.jpg Which molecules shown in Figure 3.5 contain a carbonyl group? a. D and E b. B and C c. B, C, and D d. E and A e. A and B

B and C

The sodium-potassium pump a. increases the concentration of potassium ions inside a cell. b. decreases the concentration of sodium ions inside a cell. c. Both (b) and (c) d. increases the concentration of sodium ions inside a cell.

Both (b) and (c)

During the synthesis of a polypeptide the next amino acid in the growing polymer is added to which functional group shown in Figure 3.4? a. D (Amino) b. A (Hydroxyl) c. E (Sulfhydryl) d. B (Carbonyl) e. C (Carboxyl)

Which of the groups in Figure 3.4 is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H+ into a solution? a. C (Carboxyl) b. A (Hydroxyl) c. D (Amino) d. E (Sulfhydryl) e. B (Carbonyl)

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56621/18/11934/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar006-1.jpg At which bond in Figure 3.12 would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the dipeptide, back to its component amino acids? a. A b. D c. C d. E e. B

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56649/18/11937/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar006-1.jpg Which bond in Figure 3.12 is farthest from an carbon? a. C b. A c. D d. B e. E

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56647/14/11935/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar006-1.jpg Which bond in Figure 3.12 is a peptide bond? a. A b. D c. B d. E e. C

C (the bond before you see the amino/amine group, "N")

Which two functional groups shown in Figure 3.4 are present in all amino acids? a. C and E (Carboxyl and Sulfhydryl) b. C and D (Carboxyl and Amino) c. A and D (Hydroxyl and Carboxyl) d. A and B (Hydroxyl and Carbonyl) e. B and D (Carbonyl and Amino)

C and D

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56622/16/11923/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar003-1.jpg Which molecule shown in Figure 3.5 contains a carboxyl group? a. E b. C c. B d. A e. D

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56629/15/11926/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar003-1.jpg Which of the groups in Figure 3.4 is a basic functional group that can accept H+ and become positively charged? a. A b. B c. D d. C e. E

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56650/17/11924/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar003-1.jpg Which molecule shown in Figure 3.5 can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid? a. D b. E c. B d. C e. A

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56649/13/11921/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar003-1.jpg Which molecule(s) shown in Figure 3.5 is (are) ionized in a cell? a. D only b. E only c. D and E d. B and D e. A only

D and E

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis? a. Dehydration reactions create monomers, and hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers. b. Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers. c. Dehydration reactions split water molecules and add hydroxyl groups to polymers, and hydrolysis reactions remove hydroxyl groups from polymers. d. Dehydration reactions break down polymers, and hydrolysis reactions create monomers.

Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56625/13/11920/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar003-1.jpg Which molecule shown in Figure 3.5 would have a positive charge in a cell? a. D (Carboxyl) b. C (Carbonyl) c. A (Hydroxyl) d. E (Amino) e. B (Carbonyl)

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56629/15/11926/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar003-1.jpg Which of the groups shown in Figure 3.4 is a functional group that helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules? a. E b. A c. C d. D e. B

According to the cell theory, most cells come from existing cells. & In a eukaryote, the material between the cell membrane and the nucleus is called the nucleoplasm. a. T&F b. T&T c. F&T d. F&F

F&F

If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a prokaryote. & If a cell can capture energy by photosynthesis it is a eukaryote. a. F&F b. F&T c. T&T d. T&F

F&F

Living things can be studied at different levels of organization, from the molecular level to the largest level, the ecosystem. & The metric system is based on multiples of 100. a. T&F b. F&F c. T&T d. F&T

F&F

To obtain identical copies of a single cell, scientists make a clone. & Change in inherited by an individual over time is called evolution. a. T&F b. F&T c. T&T d. F&F

F&F

Microscopes produce images by focusing light rays and beams of cells. & In cell fractionation, the first step is to place the cells into a centrifuge. a. F&T b. T&T c. T&F d. F&F

F&F (electrons, not cells and blender, not centrifuge )

The name given to the idea that life could arise from nonliving matter is called instantaneous generation. & The scientist named Needham finally settled the argument over whether or not life could arise from nonliving matter. a. F&T b. T&T c. F&F d. T&F

F&F (spontaneous and Redi)

A red blood cell placed in pure water will shrink. & There is a division of labor among the cells of multicellular organisms. a. F&T b. T&T c. F&F d. T&F

F&T

Based on his theory, Redi made a prediction that keeping flies away from meat would prevent the appearance of maggots. & "The plant in Container A has five offshoots" is an example of a quantitative observation. a. T&F b. T&T c. F&F d. F&T

F&T

Cell specialization means that the cells in an organism are uniquely suited to reproduce themselves. & A typical organ is made up of many different kinds of cells and tissues. a. F&T b. T&T c. T&F d. F&F

F&T

The nuclear envelope regulates which substances enter and leave a cell. & Once equilibrium is reached, roughly equal numbers of molecules move in either direction across a semipermeable membrane, and there is no further change in concentration on either side of the membrane. a. T&F b. T&T c. F&F d. F&T

F&T

The smallest units that are considered to be alive are organisms. & Paleontologists study dinosaurs and other ancient life. a. F&T b. F&F c. T&T d. T&F

F&T

The vast majority of multicellular organisms reproduce asexually. & Sometimes more than one theory is needed to explain a particular circumstance. a. T&F b. F&T c. F&F d. T&T

F&T

Many membrane proteins are made by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. & The cytoskeleton helps to move organelles within the cell. a. T&T b. F&F c. T&F d. F&T

F&T (Question Pool will say it is F&F, but it is F&T)

The packaging and distribution center of the cell is the a. nucleus. b. central vacuole. c. Golgi apparatus. d. nuclear envelope.

Golgi apparatus

Hydrogenated vegetable oil is the primary ingredient in margarine. How does hydrogenated vegetable oil differ from nonhydrogenated vegetable oil? a. Hydrogenated vegetable oil is solid at room temperature, whereas nonhydrogenated vegetable oil is liquid. b. Hydrogenated vegetable oil contains more cis fatty acids than nonhydrogenated vegetable oil. c. Hydrogenated vegetable oil has more kinks in its fatty acid chains than does nonhydrogenated vegetable oil. d. Hydrogenated vegetable oil has a lower melting point than nonhydrogenated vegetable oil.

Hydrogenated vegetable oil is solid at room temperature, whereas nonhydrogenated vegetable oil is liquid

Which of the following is NOT considered a safety procedure? a. If in doubt about any part of an activity, trust your instincts. b. Follow the textbook directions exactly. c. Read all the steps in your activity before doing it. d. Follow your teacher's instructions.

If in doubt about any part of an activity, trust your instincts

Which statement about solutions is incorrect? a. In a solution, the solvent is dissolved into the solute. b. Liquids that mix to form a single layer are said to be miscible. c. Solutions will not separate under normal circumstances. d. Solutions can be made of liquids and solids, liquids and liquids, or gases and liquids.

In a solution, the solvent is dissolved into the solute

Which of the following is true of cellulose? a. It is a primary structural component of plant cell walls. b. It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells. c. It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose. d. It is digestible by bacteria in the human gut. e. It is a polymer of glucose joined by a glycosidic linkages.

It is a primary structural component of plant cell walls

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56627/17/11929/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__mc086-1.jpg Which of the following statements regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 3.8 is true? a. Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. b. It is an entirely nonpolar molecule. c. It is a saturated fatty acid. d. It would be highly soluble in water.

It is a saturated fatty acid.

Which statement about an element's average atomic mass is correct? a. It is equal to one-twelfth the mass of the most common isotope. b. It is based on an isotope's charge, so negatively charged isotopes have a greater effect than positive ones. c. It is a weighted average, so common isotopes have a greater effect than uncommon ones. d. It is determined by counting the number of isotopes in a sample of the element.

It is a weighted average, so common isotopes have a greater effect than uncommon ones.

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56650/18/11933/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__mc090-1.jpg Picture is basically 2 amino groups connecting while the HO and O connect to form H20 and fall off. Which of the following statements regarding the chemical reaction illustrated in Figure 3.11 is true? a. It forms a disaccharide. b. It results in a peptide bond. c. It is a hydrolysis reaction. d. It forms two amino acids.

It results in a peptide bond

The primary functional groups in a common macromolecule are hydroxyl groups. Which of the following statements regarding this macromolecule is true? a. It will form hydrogen bonds with water. b. It will not dissolve in water. c. It will dissolve in a nonpolar solvent. d. It lacks an asymmetric carbon, and it is probably a fat or lipid.

It will form hydrogen bonds with water

Which of the following characteristics of living things best explains why birds fly south for the winter? a. Living things are made up of units called cells. b. Living things respond to their environment. c. Living things maintain internal balance. d. Living things are based on a universal genetic code.

Living things respond to their environment

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56620/15/11858/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar001-1.jpg Which of the following statements is false? a. Molecules 14 and 15 could be joined together to form a polypeptide. b. Molecules 2 and 7 could be joined together to form a short peptide. c. Molecules 9 and 10 could be joined together by ester bonds to form a triacylglycerol. d. Molecules 1 and 4 could be joined together by a glycosidic linkage to form a disaccharide. e. Molecules 2, 7, and 8 could be joined together to form a short peptide.

Molecules 14 and 15 could be joined together to form a polypeptide

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56623/15/11930/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar005-1.jpg Which of the following statements regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 3.9 is true? a. It is a saturated fatty acid. b. Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. c. It is highly soluble in water. d. It is an entirely nonpolar molecule.

Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature

How will brief heating (to 95°C) affect macromolecular structures in aqueous solution? a. Starch will hydrolyze into monomeric sugars. b. Proteins will hydrolyze into amino acids. c. Proteins will unfold (denature). d. Unsaturated fatty acid tails will become saturated.

Proteins will unfold (denature)

Who was the first person to identify and see cells? a. Robert Hooke b. Anton van Leeuwenhoek c. Rudolf Virchow d. Matthias Schleiden

Robert Hooke

The side chain (R group) of the amino acid serine is -CH2-OH. The side chain of the amino acid leucine is -CH2-CH-(CH3)2. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution? a. Serine would be in the interior, and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. b. Serine would be on the exterior, and leucine would be in the interior of the globular protein. c. Both serine and leucine would be in the interior of the globular protein. d. Both serine and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.

Serine would be on the exterior, and leucine would be in the interior of the globular protein

A mass of 3000 kg is equal to 3 x 10^6g. & A specimen less than 0.2 micrometers must be completely dried out before being studied using a(an) light microscope. a. F&T b. T&T c. F&F d. T&F

T&F

An important goal of a scientist is to use evidence to learn about the natural world. & "The bird has brown spots on its wings" is an example of an inference. a. T&T b. F&F c. F&T d. T&F

T&F

Eukaryotes contain specialized structures that perform important cellular functions. These structures are called organelles & During cell division, chromatin condenses to form centrioles which are threadlike structures containing genetic material. a. F&F b. F&T c. T&F d. T&T

T&F

The variable that is deliberately changed is called the independent variable. & Field studies are used to study animals in the laboratory. a. T&F b. T&T c. F&F d. F&T

T&F

The variable that is deliberately changed is called the independent variable. & Field studies are used to study animals in the laboratory. a. T&T b. F&F c. F&T d. T&F

T&F

Scientists are persuaded by logical arguments that are supported by evidence. & For a hypothesis to have value, it must be tested. a. F&F b. T&T c. F&T d. T&F

T&T

The main function of the cell wall is to provide support and protection. & Water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and some other substances can pass through the cell wall. a. T&T b. F&T c. F&F d. T&F

T&T

Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. How do these molecules differ from each other? a. Testosterone and estradiol are enantiomers of the same organic molecule. b. Testosterone and estradiol are structural isomers but have the same molecular formula. c. Testosterone and estradiol are cis-trans isomers but have the same molecular formula. d. Testosterone and estradiol have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton.

Testosterone and estradiol have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton.

The amount of algae

The amount of fertilizer

A student is testing algae growing in aquariums. To each he adds equal amount of water, algae and a certain amount of commercial fertilzer. He then measures the amount of oxygen in the water as the algae blooms. He also has setup two negative control groups. What is the dependent variable in this project. a. The amount of algae. b. The amount of oxygen. c. The amount of fertilizer. d. The number of tanks.

The amount of oxygen

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water? a. They are hydrophilic. b. They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity. c. The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. d. The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.

The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages

Which of the following statements explains why the nucleus is important to cells? a. The nucleus contains coded instructions for making proteins. b. Only eukaryotes have nuclei. c. The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope. d. Only prokaryotes have nuclei.

The nucleus contains coded instructions for making proteins

Which statement about the atomic nucleus is correct? a. The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons and has a positive charge. b. The nucleus is made of electrons and has a negative charge. c. The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons and has a negative charge. d. The nucleus is made of electrons and has a positive charge.

The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons and has a positive charge

DNase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNase? a. The bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. b. Oxygen atoms would be removed from the deoxyribose sugars. c. The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken. d. The two strands of the double helix would separate.

The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken

You burn a log of wood, and only a small pile of ashes is left. What has happened? a. The total amount of energy is less than before. b. A small amount of mass has been converted into a large amount of heat energy. c. The total mass of the wood and oxygen is the same as the total mass of the ash and gases. d. A large amount of mass has been lost.

The total mass of the wood and oxygen is the same as the total mass of the ash and gases

Why are the vertebrate sex hormones estradiol and testosterone considered to be lipids? a. They are essential components of cell membranes. b. They are hydrophilic compounds. c. Their carbon skeletons are composed of primarily C-C and C-H bonds. d. They are made of fatty acids.

Their carbon skeletons are composed of primarily C-C and C-H bonds

Which of the following is characteristic of prokaryotes?: a. The organelles in their cytoplasm are surrounded by membranes. b. None of the above c. Their evolution preceded that of eukaryotes. d. They have a nucleus.

Their evolution preceded that of eukaryotes

Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose? a. They are both polymers of glucose. b. They are cis-trans isomers of each other. c. They can both be digested by humans. d. They are both used for energy storage in plants. e. They are both structural components of the plant cell wall.

They are both polymers of glucose.

Which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is true? a. They are more common in plants than in animals. b. They are generally solid at room temperature. c. They contain fewer hydrogen atoms than unsaturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. d. They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids.

They are generally solid at room temperature

Which of the following statements regarding lipids is true? a. They are insoluble in water. b. A gram of lipid stores less energy than a gram of carbohydrate. c. They generally contain nitrogen. d. They are made from glycerol and amino acids.

They are insoluble in water

When water is broken down, what happens to the oxygen and hydrogen atoms it is made of? a. They are destroyed. b. They increase in size until they form a solid. c. They combine with oxygen in air to produce new substances. d. They are rearranged to form hydrogen and oxygen gas

They are rearranged to form hydrogen and oxygen gas

Which of the following statements regarding saturated fatty acids is true? a. They are the predominant fatty acid in corn oil. b. They are usually produced by plants. c. They are usually liquid at room temperature. d. They have double bonds between the carbon atoms of the fatty acids. e. They are the principal molecules in lard and butter.

They are the principal molecules in lard and butter

How are chloroplasts similar to mitochondria? a. They both contain their own DNA. b. They can both use energy from sunlight. c. They are both found in animal cells. d. They are both found in prokaryotic cells.

They both contain their own DNA.

Which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is true? a. They are more common in animals than in plants. b. They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. c. They generally solidify at room temperature. d. They have double bonds in their fatty acid chains.

They have double bonds in their fatty acid chains

Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory? Select one:a. All living things are made of cells. b. Very few cells reproduce. c. All cells are produced by existing cells. d. Cells are the basic units of life.

Very few cells reproduce

Because you may come in contact with organisms you cannot see, what safety procedure MUST be followed? a. Wash your hands thoroughly after completing the activity. b. Read over your activity. c. Open the windows of the laboratory. d. Do not wear long sleeves.

Wash your hands thoroughly after completing the activity

Levels of Biology: A student is investigating the types of insects found in a section of Fairmount park. He marks off a 10 m x 10 m section of land near the river. He then collects as many different species of insects that he can find. He identifies species, and where they are found. The level of exploration that this student is investigating is a. a community. b. an organism. c. an ecosystem. d. a population.

a community

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56630/17/11928/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar004-1.jpg Which of the following describes the molecule shown in Figure 3.7? a. a glucose b. b glucose c. fructose d. ribose e. pentose

a glucose

You put 1 gram of salt into 1 liter of water and stir. The resulting liquid is an example of a. a heterogeneous mixture. b. an immiscible mixture. c. a homogeneous mixture. d. a pure substance.

a homogeneous mixture

The smallest unit of a substance that behaves like the substance is a. an atom. b. an element. c. a compound. d. a molecule.

a molecule

A nucleotide is composed of a. a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and an amino acid. b. a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar. c. a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. d. a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar.

a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar

Prokaryotes lack a. genetic material. b. a cell membrane. c. cytoplasm. d. a nucleus.

a nucleus

A student is investigating the types of insects found in a section of Fairmount park. He marks off a 10 m x 10 m section of land near the river. He then collects as many different species of insects that he can find. He identifies species, and where they are found. The student finds a specific specie of beetle and tries to count as many as he can find in his study area. This is an example of looking at what level of biology. a. an organism b. a community c. a population d. an ecosystem

a population

All of the following are examples of cell specialization EXCEPT a. nerve cells that transmit messages throughout the body. b. a red blood cell that carries oxygen. c. a pancreatic cell that produces protein-digesting enzymes. d. a prokaryotic cell that carries out photosynthesis.

a prokaryotic cell that carries out photosynthesis

A material that can be represented by a chemical formula is a. a homogeneous solution. b. a mixture. c. a pure substance. d. an element.

a pure substance

It is possible for different covalent compounds to have the same empirical formula because empirical formulas represent a. a model of the compound. b. only the cations in the compound. c. a ratio of atoms in the compound. d. a total of all ionic bonds.

a ratio of atoms in the compound

A controlled experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test a. a single variable. b. a mass of information. c. several variables. d. a conclusion.

a single variable

Large organic molecules are generally synthesized by polymerization of a few types of simple subunits. Which of the following is an exception to this statement? a. a steroid b. DNA c. cellulose d. an enzyme

a steroid

A mixture that separates into different layers when you stop stirring it is a. an emulsion. b. a suspension. c. a solution. d. a colloid.

a suspension

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things? a. ability to reproduce b. response to the environment c. growth and development d. ability to move

ability to move

Which of the following is the best reason for using a scanning electron microscope? a. ability to see three-dimensional images of the surfaces of objects b. ability to observe live organisms c. ability to see movement within living cells d. ability to magnify objects that are larger than 0.2 micrometers

ability to see three-dimensional images of the surfaces of objects

Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell? a. facilitated diffusion b. active transport c. diffusion d. osmosis

active transport

Which compounds have carbon-carbon double bonds? a. ionic compounds b. alkenes c. alcohols d. alkanes

alkenes

Eukaryotes usually contain a. a nucleus. b. specialized organelles. c. genetic material. d. all of the above

all of the above

Hypotheses may arise from: a. prior knowledge. b. logical inferences. c. all of the above d. imaginative guesses.

all of the above

Safety procedures are important when working a. in a laboratory. b. with animals. c. all of the above d. in the field.

all of the above

Scientists publish the details of important experiments so that a. their experimental procedures can be reviewed. b. their work can be repeated. c. others can try to reproduce the results. d. all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is a valid hypothesis for why a plant appears to be dying? a. all of the above b. The plant is receiving too much sunlight. c. The plant is not being watered enough. d. The plant is being watered too much.

all of the above

The work of Schleiden and Schwann can be summarized by saying that a. all plants and animals are made of cells. b. all plants are made of cells. c. plants and animals have specialized cells. d. all animals are made of cells.

all plants and animals are made of cells.

Normal hemoglobin is a tetramer, consisting of two molecules of b-globin and two molecules of a-globin. In sickle-cell disease, as a result of a single amino acid change, the mutant hemoglobin tetramers associate with each other and assemble into large fibers. Based on this information alone, we can conclude that sickle-cell hemoglobin exhibits a. altered secondary structure. b. altered tertiary structure. c. altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary and tertiary structures may or may not be altered. d. altered quaternary structure. e. altered primary structure.

altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary and tertiary structures may or may not be altered

Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 433 amino acids would a. always alter the primary structure of the protein and sometimes alter its tertiary structure or function. b. always alter the primary and tertiary structure of the protein but never alter its function. c. always alter the primary structure of the protein but never alter its tertiary structure or function. d. sometimes alter the primary and tertiary structure of the protein but always alter its function.

always alter the primary structure of the protein and sometimes alter its tertiary structure or function.

A compound differs from a mixture because it a. can form only in the presence of heat energy. b. always remains frozen even at high temperatures. c. always contains the same elements in the same proportion. d. is formed from two cations.

always contains the same elements in the same proportion

Which chemical group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base? a. amino b. hydroxyl c. carbonyl d. phosphate

amino

Which functional group can act as a base? a. methyl b. hydroxyl c. carboxyl d. amino e. phosphate

amino

Which of the following is a monomer used to build a biological polymer? a. disaccharide b. triglyceride c. amino acid d. DNA

amino acid

Which of the following is a correct monomer/polymer pairing? a. monosaccharide/polypeptide b. glycerol/triglyceride c. amino acid/polysaccharide d. amino acid/polypeptide

amino acid/polypeptide

When a solution of an acid reacts with a solution of a base, the pH of the resulting solution depends on the a. amounts of acid and base used. b. concentration of base alone. c. concentration of acid alone. d. temperature of the acid and base used.

amounts of acid and base used

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a. an area of equilibrium to an area of high concentration. b. an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. c. an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. d. all of the above

an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances is a. a mixture. b. a compound. c. an element. d. an atom.

an element

Often atoms join so that each atom will have a. an outermost energy level that is full of electrons. b. more electrons than either protons or neutrons. c. an equal number of protons and electrons. d. an even number of electrons.

an outermost energy level that is full of electrons

Polysaccharides, triacylglycerols, and proteins are similar in that they a. are synthesized through the formation of peptide bonds between monomers. b. are synthesized from monomers by hydrolysis reactions. c. are broken down into their subunits by dehydration reactions. d. are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions.

are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions

Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes? a. bacteria b. plants c. all of the above d. animals

bacteria

Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell? a. bacterium b. amoeba c. virus d. liver cell

bacterium

Which of the following chemicals is a base? a. baking soda b. aspirin c. lactose d. lemon juice

baking soda

Which of the following terms includes all the others? a. botanist b. biologist c. zoologist d. ethologist

biologist

A student is investigating the types of insects found in a section of Fairmount park. He marks off a 10 m x 10 m section of land near the river. He then collects as many different species of insects that he can find. He identifies species, and where they are found. The student then begins to catalogue all regions that share the same characteristics as his test area. This is very simliar to what level of biology study. Select one: a. ecosystem b. community c. biosphere d. biome

biome

Levels of Biology: A student is investigating the types of insects found in a section of Fairmount park. He marks off a 10 m x 10 m section of land near the river. He then collects as many different species of insects that he can find. He identifies species, and where they are found. The student then begins to catalogue all regions that share the same characteristics as his test area. This is very simliar to what level of biology study. a. ecosystem b. community c. biosphere d. biome

biome

What is the term for the land, water, and air on Earth? a. environment b. population c. ecosystem d. biosphere

biosphere

Which of the following theories are needed to explain why marsupial mammals are found only in Australia? a. theory of evolution b. theory of plate tectonics c. both a and b d. neither a nor b

both a and b

If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 15N, which of these molecules will be labeled? a. proteins only b. both fatty acids and proteins c. fatty acids only d. nucleic acids only e. both proteins and nucleic acids

both proteins and nucleic acids

The tendency of a less dense substance to float in a more dense liquid is called a. viscosity. b. sublimation. c. density. d. buoyancy.

buoyancy

The use of a compound light microscope a. is required for most experiments. b. can magnify objects up to 1000 times. c. is an essential tool for producing three-dimensional images. d. is necessary to study biology at the chemical level.

can magnify objects up to 1000 times

Which of the following categories includes all others in the list? a. carbohydrate b. starch c. polysaccharide d. disaccharide

carbohydrate

Alcohols are organic compounds that contain a. carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. b. carbon and oxygen only. c. carbon and hydrogen only. d. carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen.

carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen

Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group? a. hydroxyl b. amino c. carbonyl d. carboxyl e. phosphate

carboxyl

The work of scientists begins with a. drawing conclusions. b. testing a hypothesis. c. careful observations. d. creating experiments.

careful observations

Proteins involved in facilitated diffusion are a. carrier proteins. b. Both (a) and (b) )question pool bug xdd) c. None of the above d. receptor proteins.

carrier proteins

What is the term given to a group of cells that develops from a single original cell? a. cell fractionation b. community c. nutrient solution d. cell culture

cell culture

What technique is used to separate the different cell parts? a. cell fractionation b. microscopy c. all of the above d. cell culture

cell fractionation

The structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is the a. nuclear membrane. b. cell wall. c. cell membrane. d. nucleus.

cell membrane

cytoskelton : microtubules :: a. enzymes : substrates b. nucleus : nucleor pores c. cell membrane : phospholipids d. cytoplasm : organelles

cell membrane : phospholipids

Which term refers to cells having different jobs in an organism? a. multicellular b. unicellular c. cell specialization d. levels of organization

cell specialization

Which of the following pairs contains unrelated items? a. cell wall-animal cell b. ribosomes-protein c. eukaryote-amoeba d. mitochondria-ATP

cell wall-animal cell

Which list represents the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level? a. organ system, organ, tissue, cell b. cell, tissue, organ, organ system c. tissue, organ, organ system d. cell, tissue, organ system

cell, tissue, organ, organ system

All living organisms are composed of a. None of the above b. cellulose. c. cells. d. diatoms.

cells

chemical reactions : metabolism :: a. reproduction : living b. cells : an organism c. experimentation : observation d. heredity : homeostasis

cells : an organism

The best instrument to use to separate the liquid portion from the solid portions in whole blood is a(an) a. test tube. b. compound light microscope. c. centrifuge. d. electron microscope.

centrifuge

An instrument used to separate cell parts according to density is the a. electron microscope. b. compound light microscope. c. blender. d. centrifuge.

centrifuge.

Most of the food and waste materials that move into and out of a cell pass through a. marker proteins. b. enzymes. c. channel proteins. d. receptor proteins.

channel proteins

Proteins that act like selective passageways in the cell membrane are known as a. marker proteins. b. channel proteins. c. receptor proteins. d. None of the above

channel proteins

Digesting food is an example of a. chemical change. b. buoyancy. c. physical change. d. change of state.

chemical change

Valence electrons determine an atom's a. chemical properties. b. electric charge. c. mass. d. period.

chemical properties

The science of what matter is made of and how it changes is called Select one: a. engineering. b. chemistry. c. kinetics. d. physics.

chemistry

Which of the following polymers contains nitrogen? a. cellulose b. glycogen c. starch d. chitin

chitin

The organelles associated with plant photosynthesis are the a. chloroplasts. b. mitochondria. c. Golgi apparatus. d. vacuoles.

chloroplasts

Which of the following molecules lacks amino acids? a. insulin b. antibodies c. cholesterol d. hemoglobin e. spider silk

cholesterol

Short, hairlike structures that protrude from the surface of a cell and are packed in tight rows are called a. cilia. b. flagella. c. microtubules. d. microfilaments.

cilia

An instrument that allows light to pass through the specimen and uses two lenses to form an image is a(an) a. compound light microscope. b. SEM. c. TEM. d. electron microscope.

compound light microscope

To observe a small, living organism, a scientist might use a(an) a. electronic balance. b. electron microscope. c. compound light microscope. d. TEM.

compound light microscope

When dissolved in water, all acids will a. conduct electricity. b. form hydroxide ions. c. turn blue. d. have a negative charge.

conduct electricity.

The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA a. is a five-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a six-carbon sugar. b. is in the a configuration and the sugar in RNA is in the b configuration. c. is a six-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar. d. contains one less oxygen atom than the sugar in RNA.

contains one less oxygen atom than the sugar in RNA.

A disulfide bridge is an example of which type of bond? a. covalent bond between R groups b. hydrogen bond between R groups c. ionic bond between R groups d. hydrophobic interaction between R groups

covalent bond between R groups

In which type of bond do atoms share electrons? a. covalent bonds b. metallic bonds c. ionic bonds d. polyatomic bonds

covalent bonds

Which of the following is NOT found in the nucleus? a. DNA b. cytoplasm c. nucleolus d. chromatin

cytoplasm

golgi : vesicles :: a. cytoplasm : lipids b. mitochondria : food c. cytoskelton : motor proteins d. nucleus : DNA

cytoskelton : motor proteins

Information gathered from observing a plant grow 3 cm over a two-week period results in a. hypotheses. b. variables. c. inferences. d. data.

data

What is a common chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers? a. decreasing the pH b. the formation of disulfide bridges between monomers c. hydrolysis reactions d. dehydration reactions

dehydration reactions

The variable that is measured in an experiment is the ____ variable. a. dependent. b. control. c. experimental. d. independent.

dependent

There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another? a. different side chains (R groups) attached to an a carbon b. different asymmetric carbons c. different side chains (R groups) attached to the amino groups d. different side chains (R groups) attached to the carboxyl carbon

different side chains (R groups) attached to an a carbon

The dispersal of ink in a beaker of water is an example of a. active transport. b. diffusion. c. osmosis. d. endocytosis.

diffusion

Which of the following does not require energy? a. sodium-potassium pump b. diffusion c. endocytosis d. active transport

diffusion

Which of the following chemical equations describes a hydrolysis reaction? a. disaccharide monosaccharide + monosaccharide + H2O b. monosaccharide + monosaccharide disaccharide + H2O c. monosaccharide + monosaccharide + H2O disaccharide d. disaccharide + H2O monosaccharide + monosaccharide

disaccharide + H2O monosaccharide + monosaccharide

Which of the following is an example of a physical change? a. cooking an egg b. rusting iron c. dissolving salt in water d. burning wood into charcoal

dissolving salt in water

Levels of Biology: A student is investigating the types of insects found in a section of Fairmount park. He marks off a 10 m x 10 m section of land near the river. He then collects as many different species of insects that he can find. He identifies species, and where they are found. If the student begins to analyze the water and soil quality in his area he is looking at factors normally found in what level of biology. a. biome b. biosphere c. ecosystem d. community

ecosystem

Which level of organization includes all of the other levels? a. organism b. community c. ecosystem d. population

ecosystem

cells : organism : : a. organs : organelles b. biosphere : ecosystems c. ecosystems : biomes d. molecules : atoms

ecosystems : biomes

Oxygen has atomic number 8. This means that an oxygen atom has a. a total of eight neutrons and electrons. b. a total of eight protons and neutrons. c. eight protons in its nucleus. d. eight neutrons in its nucleus.

eight protons in its nucleus

Which of the following functional groups may be used to form polymers via dehydration reactions? a. only hydroxyl groups b. either carbonyl or carboxyl groups c. only carbonyl groups d. either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups e. only carboxyl groups

either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups

Proteins and polysaccharides that are too large to move into a cell through diffusion or active transport move in by a. None of the above b. endocytosis. c. exocytosis. d. the sodium-potassium pump.

endocytosis

One important organelle that helps maintain homeostasis by moving substances from one part of the cell to another is the a. endoplasmic reticulum. b. mitochondrion. c. Golgi apparatus. d. cytoplasm.

endoplasmic reticulum

mRNA : ribosome :: a. endoplasmic reticulum : golgi aparatus b. microtubule : microfiliment c. nucelus : cytoplasm d. signal protien : cell membrane

endoplasmic reticulum : golgi aparatus

According to Bohr's theory, an electron's path around the nucleus defines its a. speed. b. energy level. c. electric charge. d. atomic mass.

energy level

ribosomes : mRNA :: a. channel protien : receptor b. cell membrane : phospholipds c. chromatin : chromosomes d. enzyme : substrate

enzyme : substrate

Which of the following contains a nucleus? a. eukaryotes b. organelles c. prokaryotes d. bacteria

eukaryotes

As a result of diffusion, the concentration of many types of substances a. eventually becomes balanced on both sides of a membrane. b. always remains greater outside of a membrane. c. always remains greater inside a membrane. d. becomes imbalanced on both sides of a membrane.

eventually becomes balanced on both sides of a membrane

Ridding the cell of materials by discharging the materials in vesicles is called a. exocytosis. b. diffusion. c. osmosis. d. endocytosis.

exocytosis

A planned procedure to test a hypothesis is called a(n) a. control. b. prediction. c. experiment. d. variable.

experiment

The ability to reproduce results is an important part of any a. theory. b. experiment. c. hypothesis. d. law.

experiment

Scientific hypotheses are most often tested by the process of a. experimenting. b. analyzing data. c. inferring. d. communicating.

experimenting

Sugar molecules can enter cells through the process of a. facilitated diffusion. b. exocytosis. c. osmosis. d. ion pumps.

facilitated diffusion

The amount of light and temperature are examples of a. factors to which living things respond. b. factors necessary for life. c. factors that affect reproduction. d. methods of energy production.

factors to which living things respond

The bonds that hold atoms together behave most like a. rubber cement. b. flexible springs. c. glue. d. snap-together blocks.

flexible springs

The energy that drives metabolism in animals comes from a. food. b. water. c. heredity. d. homeostasis.

food

Acids are substances that a. turn red litmus paper blue. b. make foods taste bitter. c. react with neutral liquids to form bases. d. form hydronium ions when dissolved in water.

form hydronium ions when dissolved in water

Acids are substances that a. turn red litmus paper blue. b. react with neutral liquids to form bases. c. make foods taste bitter. d. form hydronium ions when dissolved in water.

form hydronium ions when dissolved in water

A carbon atom can bond to four other atoms because it has a. four different cations. b. four valence electrons. c. two inner energy levels. d. no protons in its nucleus.

four valence electrons

Which of the following variables present in Redi's experiment on spontaneous generation is NOT a controlled variable? a. temperature at which the jars were stored b. types of meat used c. types of jars used d. gauze covering that keeps flies away from meat

gauze covering that keeps flies away from meat

Which of the following is NOT a part of how scientists work? a. hypothesizing b. experimenting c. generalizing d. observing

generalizing

chromosome : chromatin :: a. mRNA : DNA b. cellulose : glucose c. globular protein : amino acid chain d. fatty acid : lipid

globular protein : amino acid chain

Which of the following polymers lacks nitrogen? a. chitin b. glycogen c. protein d. RNA

glycogen

The basic unit of mass in SI is the a. ounce. b. meter. c. gram. d. liter.

gram

Matter is defined as anything that a. can be weighed. b. can be seen and touched. c. has mass and takes up space. d. contains kinetic or potential energy.

has mass and takes up space

Atoms have no electric charge because they a. have an equal number of neutrons and protons. b. have neutrons in their nuclei. c. have an equal number of charged and noncharged particles. d. have an equal number of electrons and protons.

have an equal number of electrons and protons

prokaryote : eukaryote a. complex : simple b. have not : have c. young : old d. big : small

have not : have

Which of the following is an example of an organ? a. digestive system b. epithelial tissue c. heart d. nerve cell

heart

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton? a. surrounds the cell b. helps make proteins c. helps a cell keep its shape d. contains DNA

helps a cell keep its shape

Children tend to resemble their parents due to a. homeostasis. b. heredity. c. metabolism. d. mutation.

heredity

hypertonic : cell a. high : shrink b. low : shrink c. low : swell d. high : swell

high : shrink

All living things maintain a balance within their cells and the environment through the process of a. growth. b. development. c. evolution. d. homeostasis.

homeostasis

Which of the following is a basic solution? a. HCl dissolved in water b. household ammonia c. vinegar d. pure water

household ammonia

Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because a. the monomer of starch is glucose, whereas the monomer of cellulose is glucose modified by the addition of a nitrogen-containing group. b. humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the b glycosidic linkages of starch but not the á glycosidic linkages of cellulose. c. humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the a glycosidic linkages of starch but not the b glycosidic linkages of cellulose. d. humans harbor starch-digesting bacteria in the digestive tract, but not cellulose-digesting bacteria.

humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the a glycosidic linkages of starch but not the b glycosidic linkages of cellulose.

Which type of interaction stabilizes the a helix and the b pleated sheet structures of proteins? a. hydrophobic interactions b. hydrogen bonds c. ionic bonds d. peptide bonds

hydrogen bonds

What maintains the secondary structure of a protein? a. hydrogen bonds between the carboxyl group of one peptide bond and the R group of another amino acid b. hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the carboxyl group of another peptide bond c. peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids d. disulfide bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the R group of another amino acid

hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the carboxyl group of another peptide bond

The pH of a substance is a measure of its a. food value. b. boiling point. c. hydronium ion concentration. d. ability to mix with water.

hydronium ion concentration

The English physician Ronald Ross wanted to find the cause of malaria. Based on his observations, Dr. Ross suggested that the Anopheles mosquito might spread malaria from person to person. This suggestion was a a. hypothesis. b. prediction. c. scientific "truth." d. theory.

hypothesis

ou state that the presence of water could accelerate the growth of bread mold. This is a(an) a. experiment. b. analysis. c. hypothesis. d. conclusion.

hypothesis

observation : hypothesis :: a. guess : hypothesis b. certainty : investigation c. hypothesis : prediction d. theory : observation

hypothesis : prediction

A cell will swell when it is placed in a(n) a. None of the above b. hypotonic solution. c. hypertonic solution. d. isotonic solution.

hypotonic solution

Which is NOT a unit of measurement in the metric system? a. gram b. inch c. meter d. liter

inch

Transport proteins that allow ions to pass through the cell membrane are called a. ion channels. b. receptor proteins. c. None of the above d. marker proteins.

ion channels

An ionic bond is a bond that forms between a. atoms with neutral charges. b. ions with opposite charges. c. the electrons of two different atoms. d. one atom's nucleus and another atom's electrons.

ions with opposite charges

The sodium-potassium pump a. is located in the cytoplasm of a cell. b. transports sugar molecules. c. uses passive transport. d. is a carrier protein

is a carrier protein

A hypothesis that is not supported by the data that has been collected and analyzed a. is rejected. b. is known as an inaccurate forecast. c. None of the above d. often predicts a different observation.

is rejected

In science, a hypothesis is useful only if a. the explanation is already known. b. it can be tested. c. it can be proven incorrect. d. it is proven correct.

it can be tested

Water can dissolve charged particles because a. it is solid at a temperature of 0 degrees C. b. its molecular weight is extremely low. c. it is an ionic compound. d. its atoms have partial charges.

its atoms have partial charges

Ice floats in water because it is a. warmer than water. b. less dense than water. c. more dense than water. d. colder than water.

less dense than water

Biology is the study of a. energy. b. the weather. c. minerals. d. life.

life

observation : data : : a. Redi : spontaneous generation b. logic : inference c. organism : reproduction d. consumption : waste

logic : inference

hypotonic : cell a. high : swell b. low : swell c. high : shrink d. low : shrink

low : swell

nucleolus : ribosomes :: a. cytoplasm : protiens b. cytoskeleton : structure c. amino acids : enzymes d. mRNA : DNA

mRNA : DNA

Unlike the cell membrane, the cell wall is a. made of tough fibers. b. a flexible barrier. c. found in all organisms. d. composed of a lipid bilayer.

made of tough fibers

Homeostasis means a. maintaining a stable internal environment. b. the same thing as evolution. c. a change over long periods of time. d. rapid change.

maintaining a stable internal environment

Water is referred to as the universal solvent because a. many different substances dissolve in water. b. it is found throughout the universe. c. all known substances dissolve in water. d. it covers more than half of the Earth's surface.

many different substances dissolve in water

Elongated proteins that are on the surface of a cell and that identify the cell are called a. marker proteins. b. enzymes. c. receptor proteins. d. channel proteins.

marker proteins

A hypothesis a. does not have to be tested to be accepted as probably correct. b. can be completely proven. c. may be disproved by a single experiment. d. is a proven fact.

may be disproved by a single experiment

A scientific theory a. is a controlled experiment. b. may be revised as new evidence is presented. c. is absolutely certain. d. is unchangeable.

may be revised as new evidence is presented

A theory a. is the opening statement of an experiment. b. may be revised or replaced. c. is always true. d. is a problem to be solved.

may be revised or replaced

Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture? a. salt water b. vinegar c. sugar solution d. mayonnaise

mayonnaise

Only eukaryotic cells have a. membrane-bound organelles. b. DNA. c. cytoplasm. d. ribosomes.

membrane-bound organelles

In the metric system, the basic unit of length is the a. centimeter. b. meter. c. millimeter. d. kilometer.

meter

The simplest organic compound is a. aspirin. b. table sugar. c. salt. d. methane.

methane

Which of the following functional groups is hydrophobic? a. methyl b. carboxyl c. hydroxyl d. amino

methyl

A cell that requires a lot of energy might contain large numbers of a. lysosomes. b. chromosomes. c. mitochondria. d. vacuoles.

mitochondria

Which organelles help provide cells with energy? a. rough endoplasmic reticulum b. Golgi apparatus and ribosomes c. mitochondria and chloroplasts d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Which organelle converts food into compounds that the cell uses for growth, development, and movement? a. endoplasmic reticulum b. chloroplast c. Golgi apparatus d. mitochondrion

mitochondrion

Formaldehyde, CH2O, and acetic acid, C2H4O2, have the same empirical formula but different a. molecular formulas. b. kinds of anions. c. kinds of atoms. d. kinds of cations.

molecular formulas

Which of the following chemical equations describes a dehydration reaction? a. monosaccharide + monosaccharide disaccharide + H2O b. monosaccharide + monosaccharide + H2O disaccharide c. disaccharide + H2O monosaccharide + monosaccharide d. disaccharide monosaccharide + monosaccharide + H2O

monosaccharide + monosaccharide disaccharide + H2O

When the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the molecules will a. move across the membrane to the outside of the cell. b. stop moving across the membrane. c. move across the membrane in both directions. d. move across the membrane to the inside of the cell.

move across the membrane in both directions

When two hydrogen atoms bond, the positive nucleus of one atom attracts the a. negative electron of the other atom. b. negative nucleus of the other atom. c. positive electron of the other atom. d. positive nucleus of the other atom.

negative electron of the other atom

Covalent bonds are formed between a. nonmetal atoms. b. compounds. c. ions. d. metal atoms.

nonmetal atoms

The lipid bilayer surrounding the nucleus is called the a. nucleolus. b. nuclear envelope. c. ribosome. d. nuclear wall.

nuclear envelope

If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 32P, which of these molecules will be radioactively labeled? a. fatty acids b. nucleic acids c. triacylglycerols d. starch

nucleic acids

Which cell structure contains the cell's genetic material and controls the cell's activities? a. cytoplasm b. cell envelope c. nucleus d. organelle

nucleus

cell : cell membrane :: a. nucleus : nuclear envelope b. nucleus : chromosome c. cell : DNA d. chromosome : DNA

nucleus : nuclear envelope

Which structure contains the other? a. nucleus; genetic material b. cell membrane; cell wall c. prokaryote; organelles d. nucleus; cytoplasm

nucleus; genetic material

A scientist noticed that the number of salamanders in ponds in the Rocky Mountains was declining. This was a(n) a. observation. b. control. c. hypothesis. d. theory.

observation

Most typically, the order in which the steps of scientific investigations are applied is a. observations, hypothesis, predictions, controlled testing, questions, conclusions. b. observations, questions, hypothesis, predictions, controlled testing, conclusions. c. predictions, observations, hypothesis, conclusions, controlled testing, questions. d. observations, predictions, hypothesis, controlled testing, conclusions, questions.

observations, questions, hypothesis, predictions, controlled testing, conclusions

In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophilic amino acid such as asparagine? a. on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains b. on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water c. in the transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains d. in the interior of the folded protein, away from water

on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water

Each molecule of hydrochloric acid, HCl, contains one atom of hydrogen and a. two atoms of chlorine. b. one atom of chlorine. c. one atom of oxygen. d. two atoms of oxygen.

one atom of chlorine

What types of living organisms should you NOT come into contact with in your biology laboratory? a. animals b. organisms that cause disease c. organisms that can be seen only with a microscope d. plants

organisms that cause disease

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called a. active transport. b. facilitated diffusion. c. osmotic pressure. d. osmosis.

osmosis

The tertiary structure of a polypeptide is the a. linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide. b. localized region of a polypeptide chain that forms an a helix or b pleated sheet. c. overall three-dimensional shape of a fully folded polypeptide. d. overall three-dimensional shape of a protein composed of more than one polypeptide.

overall three-dimensional shape of a fully folded polypeptide

The anion formed from an oxygen atom is called a(n) a. oxygen ion. b. carbon dioxide. c. nitrous oxide. d. oxide ion.

oxide ion

Osmosis is a type of a. endocytosis. b. active transport. c. passive transport. d. facilitated diffusion.

passive transport

Ions move through ion channels by a. active transport. b. endocytosis. c. diffusion. d. passive transport.

passive transport.

Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein? a. hydrogen bonds b. phosphodiester bonds c. peptide bonds d. disulfide bonds

peptide bonds

Which bonds maintain the primary structure of a protein? a. ionic bonds b. hydrogen bonds c. disulfide bonds d. peptide bonds

peptide bonds

Cell specialization in multicellular organisms allows cells to a. respond to their environment. b. reproduce. c. be less complex. d. perform different functions.

perform different functions

Which type of molecule forms a lipid bilayer within a cell membrane? a. protein b. nucleic acid c. phospholipid d. carbohydrate

phospholipid

Which of the following large biological molecules will self-assemble into a bilayer when mixed with water? a. cellulose b. proteins c. phospholipids d. triacylglycerols

phospholipids

According to Bohr's model of the atom, electrons behave like a. waves on a vibrating string. b. light energy in a vacuum. c. planets orbiting the sun. d. planets rotating on their axes.

planets orbiting the sun

What is the term for a group of organisms of one type living in the same place? a. ecosystem b. population c. biosphere d. environment

population

Dr. Ross knew that the parasite Plasmodium was always found in the blood of malaria patients. He thought that if the Anopheles mosquitoes were responsible for spreading malaria, then Plasmodium would be found in the mosquitoes. This ideas was a a. prediction. b. theory. c. scientific "truth." d. hypothesis.

prediction

The interior portion of a cell membrane forms a nonpolar zone that a. prevents ions and most large molecules from passing through the membrane. b. None of the above c. allows polar molecules to pass through the membrane. d. allows food to pass through the membrane.

prevents ions and most large molecules from passing through the membrane

The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the a. tertiary level. b. secondary level. c. quaternary level. d. primary level.

primary level

One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that a. mitochondria are found in larger quantities in eukaryotes. b. Golgi vesicles are found only in prokaryotes. c. prokaryotes do not have a nucleus. d. nucleic acids are found only in prokaryotes.

prokaryotes do not have a nucleus

If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 35S, which of these molecules will be radioactively labeled? a. nucleic acids b. starch c. phospholipids d. proteins

proteins

The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of? a. bilipids b. proteins c. carbohydrates d. lipids

proteins

An atom's mass number equals the number of a. protons plus the number of neutrons. b. protons plus the number of electrons. c. neutrons. d. protons.

protons plus the number of neutrons

Knowing the chemical properties of a substance will tell you how the substance a. can be broken down into atoms. b. looks. c. reacts with other substances. d. smells.

reacts with other substances

Signal molecules bind to a. carbohydrates. b. receptor proteins. c. marker proteins. d. transport proteins.

receptor proteins

Which of the following transmit information into a cell by binding to signal molecules? a. channel proteins b. end proteins c. receptor proteins d. marker proteins

receptor proteins

Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane? a. keeps the cell wall in place b. stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates c. breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foods d. regulates which materials enter and leave the cell

regulates which materials enter and leave the cell

The process by which organisms make more of their own kind is called a. mutation. b. heredity. c. genetics. d. reproduction.

reproduction

Unlike passive transport, active transport a. requires energy. b. does not involve carrier proteins. c. All of the above d. moves substances down their concentration gradient.

requires energy

A mixture is different from a compound because each substance in a mixture a. changes its electric charge. b. changes from a solid to a liquid. c. forms an ion. d. retains its own properties.

retains its own properties

Which of the following is an organelle found in the cytoplasm? a. ribosome b. cell wall c. nucleolus d. chromatin

ribosome

Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus? a. ribosome b. mitochondrion c. Golgi apparatus d. vacuole

ribosome

In a cell, proteins are made on the a. cell membrane. b. mitochondria. c. ribosomes. d. nucleus.

ribosomes

plant cell : animal cell ::: a. smooth : rough b. chloroplast : mitochondria c. rigid : flexible d. photosynthesis : protein synthesis

rigid : flexible

Which sequence correctly traces the path of a protein in the cell? a. rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, released from the cell b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, Golgi apparatus c. ribosome, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast d. mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, cell membrane

rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, released from the cell

Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture? a. orange juice with pulp b. gelatin c. salad dressing d. rubbing alcohol

rubbing alcohol

Which compound is formed from a tight network of oppositely charged ions? a. quartz, SiO2 b. water, H2O c. sugar, C12H22O11 d. salt, NaCl

salt, NaCl

The a helix and b pleated sheet are examples of which level of protein structure? a. tertiary b. primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary c. quaternary d. secondary e. primary

secondary

Collagen is a protein made of three identical polypeptides composed primarily of a helix structure. The a helix is an example of a. secondary structure stabilized by ionic bonds. b. tertiary structure stabilized by hydrogen bonds. c. tertiary structure stabilized by covalent bonds. d. secondary structure stabilized by hydrogen bonds. e. secondary structure stabilized by covalent bonds.

secondary structure stabilized by hydrogen bonds

Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain a. carbon and oxygen only. b. single covalent bonds only. c. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. d. single or double covalent bonds.

single covalent bonds only

Which of the following is a form of active transport? a. facilitated diffusion b. diffusion c. sodium-potassium pump d. osmosis

sodium-potassium pump

The cells of multicellular organisms are: a. simpler than those of unicellular organisms. b. smaller than those of unicellular organisms. c. not dependent on one another. d. specialized to perform particular functions.

specialized to perform particular functions

A group of genetically similar organisms that can produce fertile offspring is called a a. species. b. mutation. c. gene. d. paramecium.

species

As a characteristic of all living things, homeostasis relates most directly to which of the following biological themes? a. evolution b. interacting systems c. scale and structure d. stability

stability

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56625/15/11932/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__mc089-1.jpg What is the structure shown in Figure 3.10? a. fatty acid molecule b. steroid molecule c. phospholipid molecule d. triacylglycerol molecule

steroid molecule

Which of the following is an organ of the digestive system? a. stomach b. nerve tissue c. muscle cell d. epithelial tissue

stomach

The label on a bottle indicates that the substance inside has a pH of 13. This tells you that the substance is a. neutral. b. strongly basic. c. mildly basic. d. strongly acidic.

strongly basic

The label on a bottle indicates that the substance inside has a pH of 13. This tells you that the substance is a. strongly basic. b. neutral. c. mildly basic. d. strongly acidic.

strongly basic

In which substance do the molecules have the strongest attractions to one another? a. sugar, a solid b. sulfuric acid, a liquid c. hydrogen, a gas d. water, a liquid

sugar, a solid

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56647/16/11938/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__mc095-1.jpg Which functional group is not present in this molecule? Select one: a. sulfhydryl b. carboxyl c. amino d. hydroxyl

sulfhydryl

In what direction does energy flow? a. sun>plants>meat eater>plant eater b. sun>plants>plant eater>meat eater c. plants>sun>plant eater>meat eater d. plant eater>plants>sun>meat eater

sun>plants>plant eater>meat eater

Marinades for meat commonly include acids, such as vinegar or wine, because the acids can a. react with salt to heighten flavor. b. toughen meat. c. preserve meat. d. tenderize meat.

tenderize meat

Interactions between the side chains (R groups) in a polypeptide are most important in stabilizing which of the following? a. quaternary structure b. tertiary structure c. secondary structure d. primary structure

tertiary structure

A hypothesis is a a. definite answer to a given problem. b. proven statement. c. testable possible explanation of an observation. d. concluding statement.

testable possible explanation of an observation.

Science differs from other disciplines, such as history and the arts, because science relies on a. observations. b. theories. c. facts. d. testing explanations.

testing explanations

The word theory used in a scientific sense means a. an absolute scientific certainty. b. that of which the scientist is most certain. c. a guess made with very little knowledge to support it. d. None of the above

that of which the scientist is most certain

Biology is the study of a. the land, water, and air on Earth. b. the environment. c. animals and plants only. d. the living world.

the living world

The order of elements in the periodic table is based on a. the number of neutrons in the nucleus. b. the number of protons in the nucleus. c. atomic mass. d. the electric charge of the nucleus.

the number of protons in the nucleus

Which of the following is an example of a hydrolysis reaction? a. the synthesis of two amino acids, forming a peptide bond with the release of water b. the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the consumption of water c. the reaction of two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide with the release of water d. the reaction of a fat with glycerol, forming fatty acids with the release of water

the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the consumption of water

Which of the following is an example of a dehydration reaction? a. the reaction of two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide with the release of water b. the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the release of water c. the reaction of a fat with glycerol, forming fatty acids with the release of water d. the reaction of two amino acids, forming a peptide bond with the consumption of water

the reaction of two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide with the release of water

The biochemical reaction that joins two amino acids to form a dipeptide is accompanied by a. the addition of a nitrogen atom. b. the release of a carbon dioxide molecule. c. the addition of a water molecule. d. the release of a water molecule.

the release of a water molecule

Lactase is an enzyme composed of a single polypeptide that hydrolyzes the disaccharide lactose to produce monosaccharides. The optimal pH for lactase activity is 6. Transfer of lactase to pH 5 results in a substantial decrease in enzyme activity, likely due to the disruption of a. the secondary and tertiary structure of the enzyme. b. the primary and secondary structure of the enzyme. c. the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of the enzyme. d. only the primary structure of the enzyme.

the secondary and tertiary structure of the enzyme

A unifying explanation for a broad range of observations is called a a. prediction. b. hypothesis. c. theory. d. controlled experiment.

theory

A well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations is a(an) a. hypothesis. b. controlled experiment. c. inference. d. theory

theory

When enough experimental data support a hypothesis, the hypothesis becomes a(an) a. fact. b. theory. c. conclusion. d. inference.

theory

https://www.mydogateit.net/moodle/pluginfile.php/26/question/questiontext/56625/14/11846/ppg__examview__Macromolecule_Questions__nar001-1.jpg A fat (or triacylglycerol) would be formed as a result of a dehydration reaction between a. one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 9. b. three molecules of 9 and one molecule of 10. c. one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 10. d. three molecules of 5 and one molecule of 9. e. one molecule of 9 and three molecules of 10.

three molecules of 9 and one molecule of 10

A group of cells that perform similar functions is called a(an) a. division of labor. b. tissue. c. organ. d. organ system.

tissue

Which of the following is NOT a goal of science? a. to use derived explanations to make useful predictions b. to investigate and understand nature c. to explain events in nature d. to use data to support a particular point of view

to use data to support a particular point of view

Which of the following compounds are formed by dehydration reactions? a. monosaccharides b. triacylglycerols c. amino acids d. fatty acids

triacylglycerols

The chemical formula for water, H2O, means that each water molecule contains a. two hydrogen atoms and zero oxygen atoms. b. two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. c. one hydrogen atom and two oxygen atoms. d. two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms.

two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

A heterogeneous mixture is one that is not a. easily mixed together. b. made of two or more liquids. c. uniform throughout. d. edible by humans.

uniform throughout

It has double carbon bonds in its carbon chain. The molecule shown in Figure 3.9 is a(n) a. polysaccharide. b. triacylglycerol. c. saturated fatty acid. d. unsaturated fatty acid.

unsaturated fatty acid

You can usually filter out solid particles in a suspension by a. distilling the entire suspension. b. using a paper filter to catch the particles. c. boiling it so that the solids are left behind. d. pouring the less dense liquid off the top.

using a paper filter to catch the particle

Plant cells have a large membrane-bound space in which water, waste products, and nutrients can be stored. This space is called the a. mitochondrion. b. chloroplast. c. vacuole. d. Golgi apparatus.

vacuole

Atoms of elements that are in the same group have the same number of a. valence electrons. b. protons and neutrons. c. neutrons. d. protons.

valence electrons

When a solution of an acid reacts with a solution of a base, hydronium ions react with hydroxide ions to form a. water. b. salt. c. a weaker base. d. a stronger acid.

water

An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes a. solutes to move out of the cell. b. water to move out of the cell. c. water to move into the cell. d. solutes to move into the cell.

water to move into the cell

A carbon skeleton is covalently bonded to both an amino group and a carboxyl group. When placed in water, it a. will function as both an acid and a base. b. will function only as a base because of the amino group. c. will function as neither an acid nor a base. d. will function only as an acid because of the carboxyl group.

will function as both an acid and a base

Scientists usually design experiments a. based on wild guesses. b. All of the above c. in order to develop new laboratory tools. d. with a good idea of the expected experimental results.

with a good idea of the expected experimental results

An organ system is a group of organs that a. work together to perform a specific function. b. work together to perform all the functions in a multicellular organism. c. are made up of similar tissues. d. are made up of similar cells.

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