MidTerm History Wsetern Civilization

What was the key demand of the Chartist movement?

All men must be given the right to vote.

Who were the Luddites?

British handicraft workers who attacked factories and destroyed machinery they believed were putting them out of work

In the nineteenth century, what did Eugène Delacroix's work typically feature?

Dramatic, colorful scenes

In 1850, in what occupational area did the largest number of British people work?

Farming and agriculture

How did Victor Hugo exemplify the romantic movement in his novels?

He placed his characters in exotic historical settings.

How did railroads affect the nature of production?

Markets become broader, encouraging manufacturers to create larger factories with more sophisticated machines.

What occurred during the Hundred Days in France?

Napoleon returned from exile to rule France briefly

The Quadruple Alliance, the nations that defeated Napoleon, included

Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain.

Who forced the king and the royal family to abandon Versailles and return to Paris?

Several thousand Parisian women

They supported the establishment of sex-segregated employment.

The sexual division of labor replicated a long-standing pattern of gender segregation and inequality.

Why did members of the National Convention turn against Robespierre on the Ninth of Thermidor?

They believed that Robespierre might soon have them arrested and executed.

What was the goal of the Committee of Public Safety?

To use dictatorial powers to respond to threats to France from without and within

Why did eighteenth-century Britain have a shortage of wood?

Wood had been over-harvested; it was the primary source of heat in all homes and a basic raw material in industry.

The poetry of William Wordsworth typically expressed

an appreciation of nature.

Karl Marx argued that socialism would be established

by violent revolution.

The National Assembly that ruled France from 1789 to 1791 passed laws that

declared all men and women to be equal.

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen guaranteed

equality before the law.

The legal definition of the composition of the prerevolutionary third estate included

everyone who was not a noble or member of the clergy.

Louis XV's power in France was undermined by his

failure to raise taxes that were denied by the parlement.

Romantics and early nationalists investigated folk songs, folk tales, and proverbs in order to

find the unique greatness of every people in its folk culture.

In the 1780s, over 50 percent of France's annual budget was expended on

interest payments on the debt.

In the summer of 1789, the National Assembly was driven toward more radical action by

revolutionary actions of French peasants and the common people of Paris.

According to the doctrine of laissez faire, the government should intervene in

the economy as little as possible.

The Chartist movement in Britain in the 1830s and 1840s demanded

universal male suffrage.

In the "separate spheres" pattern of gender relationships,

women generally stopped working outside of the home after the first child was born

How did cotton transform the textile industry?

Cotton could be spun mechanically with much greater efficiency than wool or flax, helping to solve the shortage of thread for textile production.

The romantic movement was characterized by

a belief in emotional exuberance and unrestrained imagination.

Why were cottage workers, accustomed to the putting-out system, reluctant to work in the new factories even when they received good wages?

In a factory, workers had to keep up with the machine and follow its relentless tempo.