Midterm review

Andi's best friend always screamed when she was in high places, and now Andi also screams when she is in high places. Which of the following theorists would say that Andi screams because she saw her friend scream? Responses

Albert Bandura

Malia is 10 years of age, and her grandmother, Anna Rosa, is 60 years old. Which statement is likely to be true concerning their sleep patterns?

Anna Rosa sleeps fewer hours per day than Malia does.

Which of the following is an example of a prelinguistic event?

Babbling

Because the most popular students in the high school tend to wear a particular brand of athletic shoe, a new student buys a pair of shoes of the same brand. Such behavior demonstrates which of the following social psychological concepts?

Conformity

Kaori is traveling on an airplane for the first time. As the plane takes off, she watches the automobiles driving on the freeway below. Even though the automobiles seem to get smaller as the airplane gains altitude, Kaori does not perceive the cars as shrinking but still perceives them to be their normal size. Which perceptual principle best describes this phenomenon?

Constancy

Bob is concerned because his children have been eating too much of an expensive breakfast cereal, so he brings home a less expensive version that looks and tastes exactly the same to him. His children immediately notice that the new cereal is less sweet. Which of the following concepts best explains the conflicting perceptions of Bob and his children?

Difference threshold

George was late for his early morning class. The teacher believed that the reason for George's tardiness was simply laziness. In fact, George was late because a serious automobile accident prevented him from arriving to campus on time. Which of the following social psychology principles most accurately describes the teacher's assumption?

Fundamental attribution error

A university is considering offering a new major called the Art of Science. Survey results reveal that Art majors and Science majors are opposed to the idea. After the Art majors and Science majors hold meetings of their respective groups, their dislike for the idea increases even further. Which of the following phenomena has most likely occurred?

Group polarization

Observers watch a group of people passing a basketball back and forth. A researcher asks the observers to count the number of passes made. As they count passes, many of the observers fail to notice a person in a gorilla costume walking through the basketball court. Which of the following is the most likely reason many of the observers do not notice the person in the gorilla costume?

Inattentional blindness

Which of the following is brain-imaging technique that produces the most detailed picture of brain structure?

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Michael, who has an IQ of 60, is able to do complex calculations in his head, regardless of the size of the numbers. When he is with his family and friends, he does not engage socially; he focuses on his numerical calculations. Which of the following best describes these characteristics?

Savant syndrome

A person eats a hamburger at a restaurant and develops a very bad stomachache after finishing eating. As a result of the sudden illness, the person cannot eat hamburgers anymore. Just thinking about them makes the person feel sick to the stomach. In this scenario, the thought of a hamburger is

a conditioned stimulus

Processing every possible combination of the letters DBRI to arrive at the word BIRD is an example of the use of

an algorithm

A research team wanted to measure how attractive Chris thought Pat was. The researchers measured how long Chris spent looking at Pat as an indicator of how attractive Chris found Pat to be. This measurement constituted

an operational definition

A technique that enables a person to control physiological responses that are normally involuntary, such as level of blood pressure, is known as

biofeedback

Difficulty in typing smoothly on a keyboard would most likely result from damage to the

cerebellum

Four-year-old Moesha screams and cries because she wants a candy bar. When her father, Bill, finally gives in and buys her the candy, she stops screaming. Bill tells the grocery clerk it will always be worth paying for candy to get Moesha to stop screaming. Bill's act of buying the candy is

negatively reinforced

The most distinctive characteristic of the experimental method is that it

seeks to establish cause-effect relationships

The primary difference between the central route and the peripheral route to persuasion is whether the persuasion focuses on

the content of the message

When a pair of lights flashing in quick succession seems to an observer to be one light moving from place to place, the effect is referred to as

the phi phenomenon

The speed of a neuron's action potential is determined by

whether the axon is myelinated

2, 3, 17, 10, 2, 3, 8, 2, 7 What is the mode of the set of scores above?

2

Which of the following is the most useful study strategy to help a student retain the words in a vocabulary list?

Using each word in a sentence

When a list of words is learned in order, the words most likely to be forgotten are those that are

in the middle of the list

A sound is often detected by one ear more intensely and a fraction of a second earlier than it is detected by the other ear. These cues help individuals determine the

location of the source