Milady ch.11 disorders and diseases of the skin
Anhidrosis
Deficiency in perspiration, often a result of a fever or skin disease, that requires medical treatment.
Impetigo
A contagious skin infection caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria, characterized by clusters of small blisters or crusty lesions and often occurring in children.
Urticaria
Also known as hives; caused by an allergic reaction from the body's histamine production.
Chloasma
Also known as liver spots; condition characterized by hyperpigmentation on the skin in spots that are not elevated.
Hypertrophy
Abnormal growth of the skin; many are benign.
Tuburcle
Abnormal rounded, solid lump; larger than a papule.
Keratosis
Abnormally thick buildup of cells
Albinism
Absence of melanin pigment in the body, including skin, hair, and eyes; the technical term is congenital leukoderma or congenital hypopigmentation.
Hypopigmentation
Absence of pigment, resulting in light or white splotches.
Perioral dermatitis
Acne-like condition around the mouth. These are mainly small clusters of papules that could be caused by toothpaste or products used in the face.
Keratoma
Acquired, superficial, thickened patch of epidermis. A callus is an example caused by continued, repeated pressure or friction on any part of the skin, especially hands and feet.
Nevus
Also known as birthmark; malformation if the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries.
Furuncle
Also known as boil; a subcutaneous abscess filled with pus; are caused by bacteria in the glands or hair follicles.
Conjunctivitis
Also known as pinkeye; very contagious infection of the mucous membranes around the eye; chemical, bacterial, or viral causes.
Miliaria rubra
Also known as prickly heat; acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands resulting in the eruption of red vesicles and burning, itching skin from excessive heat exposure.
Pseudofolliculitis
Also known as razor bumps; resembles folliculitis without the pus or infection.
Tinea corporis
Also known as ringworm; a contagious infection that forms ringed, red pattern with elevated edges.
Herpes zoster
Also known as shingles; a painful viral infection skin condition from the chickenpox virus; characterized by groups of blisters that form a rash in a ring or line.
Verruca
Also known as wart; hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis caused by a virus. It is infectious and contagious.
Dermatitis
Any inflammatory condition of the skin; various forms of lesions such as eczema, vesicles, or papules; the three main categories are atopic, contact, and seborrheic dermatitis.
Acne
Chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands that is characterized by comedones and blemishes; commonly known as acne simplex or acne vulgaris.
Sebaceous hyperplasia
Benign lesion frequently seen in oilier areas of the face. An overgrowth of the sebaceous gland, they appear similar to open comedones; often doughnut-shaped, with sebaceous material in the center.
Stain
Brown or wine-colored discoloration with a circular and/or irregular shape.
Primary lesions
Characterized by flat, non-palpable changes in skin color such as macules or patches, or an elevation formed by fluid in a cavity, such as vesicles, bullae, or pustules.
Cyst
Closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, or other matter above or below the skin.
Carbuncle
Cluster of boils; large inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci bacterium; similar to a furuncle (boil) but larger.
Seborrheic dermatitis
Common form of eczema; mainly affects oily areas; characterized by inflammation, scaling, and/or itching.
Fissure
Crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis. Chapped lips or hands are examples.
Crust
Dead cells form over a wound or blemish while it is healing, resulting in an accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material. An example is the scab on a sore.
Acne excoriee
Disorder where clients purposely scrape off acne lesions, causing scarring and discoloration.
Asteatosis
Dry, scaly skin from sebum deficiency, which can be due to aging, body disorders, alkalies of harsh soaps, or cold exposure.
Milia
Epidermal cysts; small, firm papules with no visible opening; whitish pearl-like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin. more common in dry skin types and may form after skin trauma, such as laser resurfacing.
Atopic dermatitis
Excess inflammation; dry skin, redness, and itching from allergies and irritants.
Hyperhidrosis
Excessive perspiration caused by heat, genetics, medications, or medical conditions; also called diaphoresis.
Scale
Flaky skin cells; any thin plate of epidermal flakes, dry or oily. An example is abnormal or excessive dandruff.
Macule
Flat spot or discoloration in the skin, such as a freckle. Neither raised nor sunken.
Bromhidrosis
Foul-smelling perspiration, usually in the armpits or on the feet.
Lentigo
Freckles; small yellow-brown colored spots. Patches are referred to as large macules.
Tinea
Fungal infection.
Retention hyperkeratosis
Hereditary factor in which dead skin cells build up and do not shed from the follicles as they do on normal skin.
Tan
Increase in pigmentation due to the melanin production that results from exposure to UV radiation; visible skin damage.
Folliculitis
Inflammation of the hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection from ingrown hairs.
Contact dermatitis
Inflammatory skin condition caused by contact with a substance or chemical.
Eczema
Inflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin, acute or chronic in nature, with dry or moist lesions. This condition should be referred to a physician. Seborrheic dermatitis, mainly affecting oily areas, is a common form of this.
Wheal
Itchy, swollen lesion caused by a blow, insect bite, skin allergy reaction, or stings. Hives and mosquito bites are this.
Bulla (plural: bullae)
Large blister containing watery fluid; similar to a vesicle, but larger.
Tumor
Large nodule; an abnormal cell mass resulting from excessive cell multiplication and varying in size, shape, and color.
Scar
Light-colored, slightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed up. The tissue hardens to heal the injury.
Lesions
Mark, wound, or abnormality; structural changes in tissues caused by damage or injury.
Comedo (plural: comedones)
Mass of hardened sebum and skin skin cells in a hair follicle. Open= blackhead closed= whitehead
Dermatology
Medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment.
Basal cell carcinoma
Most common and least severe type of skin cancer, which often appears as light, pearly nodules; characteristics include sores, reddish patches, or a smooth growth with an elevated border.
Malignant melanoma
Most serious form of skin cancer as it can spread quickly. Black or dark patches on the skin are usually uneven in texture, jagged, or raised. May have surface crust or bleed.
Actinic keratoses
Pink or flesh-colored precancerous lesions that feel sharp or rough; resulting from sun damage.
Ulcer
Open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth. A deep erosion; a depression in the skin, normally due to infection or cancer.
Hyperpigmentation
Over-production of pigment.
Pruitis
Persistent itching.
Dermatologist
Physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails.
Vitiligo
Pigmentation disease characterized by white patches on the skin from lack of pigment cells; sunlight makes it worse.
Mole
Pigmented nevus; a brownish spot ranging in color from tan to bluish black. Some are flat, resembling freckles; others are raised and darker.
Papule
Pimple; small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus.
Pustule
Raised, inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion referred to as the head of the pimple.
Keratosis pilaris
Redness and bumpiness common on the cheeks or upper arms; caused by blocked hair follicles. The patches of irritation are accompanied by a rough texture and small pinpoint white milia.
Erythema
Redness caused by inflammation; a red lesion is erythemic.
Steatoma
Sebaceous cyst or subcutaneous tumor filled with sebum; ranges in size from a pea to an orange. Usually appears on the scalp, neck, and back; also called a wen.
Seborrhea
Severe oiliness of the skin; an abnormal secretion from the sebaceous glands.
Sebaceous filaments
Similar to open comedones, these are mainly solidified impactions of oil without the cell matter.
Secondary lesions
Skin damage, developed in the later stages of disease, that changes the structure of tissues or organs.
Psoriasis
Skin disease characterized by red patches covered with white-silver scales. Caused by an overproliferation of skin cells that replicate too fast. Usually found in patches on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower back.
Leukoderma
Skin disorder characterized by light, abnormal patches; congenital, acquired, post-inflammatory, or other causes that destroy pigment-producing cells. Vitiligo and albinism are these.
Excoriation
Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping.
Vesicle
Small blister or sac containing clear fluid. Poison ivy and poison oak cause these.
Skin tag
Small, benign outgrowths or extensions of the skin that look like flaps; common under the arms or on the neck.
Herpes simplex virus 1
Strain of herpes that causes fever blisters or cold sores; it is a recurring, contagious viral infection consisting of a vesicle or group of vesicles on a red, swollen base. The blisters usually appear on the lips or nostrils.
Herpes simplex virus 2
Strain of herpes virus that infects the genitals.
Edema
Swelling caused by a fluid imbalance in cells or a response to injury or infection.
Comedogenic
Tendency for an ingredient to clog follicles and cause a buildup of dead skin cells, resulting in comedones.
Nodules
These are often referred to as tumors, but these are smaller bumps caused by conditions such as scar tissue, fatty deposits, or infections.
Keloid
Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue (collagen).
Hyperkeratosis
Thickening of the skin caused by a mass of keratinized cells (keratinocytes).
Squamous cell carcinoma
Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma; characterized by scaly, red or pink papules or nodules; also appear as open sores or crusty areas; can grow and spread in the body.
Vasodilation
Vascular dilation of the blood vessels.
Varicose veins
Vascular lesions; dilated and twisted veins, most commonly in the legs.