Milady ch.11 disorders and diseases of the skin

Anhidrosis

Deficiency in perspiration, often a result of a fever or skin disease, that requires medical treatment.

Impetigo

A contagious skin infection caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria, characterized by clusters of small blisters or crusty lesions and often occurring in children.

Urticaria

Also known as hives; caused by an allergic reaction from the body's histamine production.

Chloasma

Also known as liver spots; condition characterized by hyperpigmentation on the skin in spots that are not elevated.

Hypertrophy

Abnormal growth of the skin; many are benign.

Tuburcle

Abnormal rounded, solid lump; larger than a papule.

Keratosis

Abnormally thick buildup of cells

Albinism

Absence of melanin pigment in the body, including skin, hair, and eyes; the technical term is congenital leukoderma or congenital hypopigmentation.

Hypopigmentation

Absence of pigment, resulting in light or white splotches.

Perioral dermatitis

Acne-like condition around the mouth. These are mainly small clusters of papules that could be caused by toothpaste or products used in the face.

Keratoma

Acquired, superficial, thickened patch of epidermis. A callus is an example caused by continued, repeated pressure or friction on any part of the skin, especially hands and feet.

Nevus

Also known as birthmark; malformation if the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries.

Furuncle

Also known as boil; a subcutaneous abscess filled with pus; are caused by bacteria in the glands or hair follicles.

Conjunctivitis

Also known as pinkeye; very contagious infection of the mucous membranes around the eye; chemical, bacterial, or viral causes.

Miliaria rubra

Also known as prickly heat; acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands resulting in the eruption of red vesicles and burning, itching skin from excessive heat exposure.

Pseudofolliculitis

Also known as razor bumps; resembles folliculitis without the pus or infection.

Tinea corporis

Also known as ringworm; a contagious infection that forms ringed, red pattern with elevated edges.

Herpes zoster

Also known as shingles; a painful viral infection skin condition from the chickenpox virus; characterized by groups of blisters that form a rash in a ring or line.

Verruca

Also known as wart; hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis caused by a virus. It is infectious and contagious.

Dermatitis

Any inflammatory condition of the skin; various forms of lesions such as eczema, vesicles, or papules; the three main categories are atopic, contact, and seborrheic dermatitis.

Acne

Chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands that is characterized by comedones and blemishes; commonly known as acne simplex or acne vulgaris.

Sebaceous hyperplasia

Benign lesion frequently seen in oilier areas of the face. An overgrowth of the sebaceous gland, they appear similar to open comedones; often doughnut-shaped, with sebaceous material in the center.

Stain

Brown or wine-colored discoloration with a circular and/or irregular shape.

Primary lesions

Characterized by flat, non-palpable changes in skin color such as macules or patches, or an elevation formed by fluid in a cavity, such as vesicles, bullae, or pustules.

Cyst

Closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, or other matter above or below the skin.

Carbuncle

Cluster of boils; large inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci bacterium; similar to a furuncle (boil) but larger.

Seborrheic dermatitis

Common form of eczema; mainly affects oily areas; characterized by inflammation, scaling, and/or itching.

Fissure

Crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis. Chapped lips or hands are examples.

Crust

Dead cells form over a wound or blemish while it is healing, resulting in an accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material. An example is the scab on a sore.

Acne excoriee

Disorder where clients purposely scrape off acne lesions, causing scarring and discoloration.

Asteatosis

Dry, scaly skin from sebum deficiency, which can be due to aging, body disorders, alkalies of harsh soaps, or cold exposure.

Milia

Epidermal cysts; small, firm papules with no visible opening; whitish pearl-like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin. more common in dry skin types and may form after skin trauma, such as laser resurfacing.

Atopic dermatitis

Excess inflammation; dry skin, redness, and itching from allergies and irritants.

Hyperhidrosis

Excessive perspiration caused by heat, genetics, medications, or medical conditions; also called diaphoresis.

Scale

Flaky skin cells; any thin plate of epidermal flakes, dry or oily. An example is abnormal or excessive dandruff.

Macule

Flat spot or discoloration in the skin, such as a freckle. Neither raised nor sunken.

Bromhidrosis

Foul-smelling perspiration, usually in the armpits or on the feet.

Lentigo

Freckles; small yellow-brown colored spots. Patches are referred to as large macules.

Tinea

Fungal infection.

Retention hyperkeratosis

Hereditary factor in which dead skin cells build up and do not shed from the follicles as they do on normal skin.

Tan

Increase in pigmentation due to the melanin production that results from exposure to UV radiation; visible skin damage.

Folliculitis

Inflammation of the hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection from ingrown hairs.

Contact dermatitis

Inflammatory skin condition caused by contact with a substance or chemical.

Eczema

Inflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin, acute or chronic in nature, with dry or moist lesions. This condition should be referred to a physician. Seborrheic dermatitis, mainly affecting oily areas, is a common form of this.

Wheal

Itchy, swollen lesion caused by a blow, insect bite, skin allergy reaction, or stings. Hives and mosquito bites are this.

Bulla (plural: bullae)

Large blister containing watery fluid; similar to a vesicle, but larger.

Tumor

Large nodule; an abnormal cell mass resulting from excessive cell multiplication and varying in size, shape, and color.

Scar

Light-colored, slightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed up. The tissue hardens to heal the injury.

Lesions

Mark, wound, or abnormality; structural changes in tissues caused by damage or injury.

Comedo (plural: comedones)

Mass of hardened sebum and skin skin cells in a hair follicle. Open= blackhead closed= whitehead

Dermatology

Medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment.

Basal cell carcinoma

Most common and least severe type of skin cancer, which often appears as light, pearly nodules; characteristics include sores, reddish patches, or a smooth growth with an elevated border.

Malignant melanoma

Most serious form of skin cancer as it can spread quickly. Black or dark patches on the skin are usually uneven in texture, jagged, or raised. May have surface crust or bleed.

Actinic keratoses

Pink or flesh-colored precancerous lesions that feel sharp or rough; resulting from sun damage.

Ulcer

Open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth. A deep erosion; a depression in the skin, normally due to infection or cancer.

Hyperpigmentation

Over-production of pigment.

Pruitis

Persistent itching.

Dermatologist

Physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails.

Vitiligo

Pigmentation disease characterized by white patches on the skin from lack of pigment cells; sunlight makes it worse.

Mole

Pigmented nevus; a brownish spot ranging in color from tan to bluish black. Some are flat, resembling freckles; others are raised and darker.

Papule

Pimple; small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus.

Pustule

Raised, inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion referred to as the head of the pimple.

Keratosis pilaris

Redness and bumpiness common on the cheeks or upper arms; caused by blocked hair follicles. The patches of irritation are accompanied by a rough texture and small pinpoint white milia.

Erythema

Redness caused by inflammation; a red lesion is erythemic.

Steatoma

Sebaceous cyst or subcutaneous tumor filled with sebum; ranges in size from a pea to an orange. Usually appears on the scalp, neck, and back; also called a wen.

Seborrhea

Severe oiliness of the skin; an abnormal secretion from the sebaceous glands.

Sebaceous filaments

Similar to open comedones, these are mainly solidified impactions of oil without the cell matter.

Secondary lesions

Skin damage, developed in the later stages of disease, that changes the structure of tissues or organs.

Psoriasis

Skin disease characterized by red patches covered with white-silver scales. Caused by an overproliferation of skin cells that replicate too fast. Usually found in patches on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower back.

Leukoderma

Skin disorder characterized by light, abnormal patches; congenital, acquired, post-inflammatory, or other causes that destroy pigment-producing cells. Vitiligo and albinism are these.

Excoriation

Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping.

Vesicle

Small blister or sac containing clear fluid. Poison ivy and poison oak cause these.

Skin tag

Small, benign outgrowths or extensions of the skin that look like flaps; common under the arms or on the neck.

Herpes simplex virus 1

Strain of herpes that causes fever blisters or cold sores; it is a recurring, contagious viral infection consisting of a vesicle or group of vesicles on a red, swollen base. The blisters usually appear on the lips or nostrils.

Herpes simplex virus 2

Strain of herpes virus that infects the genitals.

Edema

Swelling caused by a fluid imbalance in cells or a response to injury or infection.

Comedogenic

Tendency for an ingredient to clog follicles and cause a buildup of dead skin cells, resulting in comedones.

Nodules

These are often referred to as tumors, but these are smaller bumps caused by conditions such as scar tissue, fatty deposits, or infections.

Keloid

Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue (collagen).

Hyperkeratosis

Thickening of the skin caused by a mass of keratinized cells (keratinocytes).

Squamous cell carcinoma

Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma; characterized by scaly, red or pink papules or nodules; also appear as open sores or crusty areas; can grow and spread in the body.

Vasodilation

Vascular dilation of the blood vessels.

Varicose veins

Vascular lesions; dilated and twisted veins, most commonly in the legs.