Milady's Esthetics Chapter 9- The Basics of Nutrition

Without Vitamin A

A hard keratin protein forms in the body, impairing the cellular function of epithelial tissues, replacing mucus, and sometimes resulting in a bacterial infection. These surfaces are also a frequent site for cancer development. Research is ongoing to determine the role of vitamin A in preventing cancer.

Related to Nutrition

All bodily functions, including the building of tissues, are directly related to nutrition. The foods we eat and the water we drink are the basic building blocks of life.

Systems

All the necessary systems, departments, units and components for the factory optimally are contained within the foods we consume.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Alpha-linolenic are a type of "good" polyunsaturated fat that may decrease the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases by reducing arteriosclerosis.

Vitamin A

Also known as Retinol, is an ingredient used in skin care products designed for aging skin. It has been found to stimulate collagen production and is used in acne treatments. Vitamin A is also a group of compounds called retinoids.

Dietary Sources of Proteins

Although meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products are complete proteins that provide essential amino acids, they should be limited in the diet for various reasons.

Why Study Nutrition?-A

As estheticians we need to have a strong, healthy body as it is vitally important to the health of your practice, and your practice is related to nutrition and wellness in many ways.

Glucose

Blood glucose or blood sugar can drop too low without adequate carbohydrates. This condition is known as "hypoglycemia". Low blood sugar causes symptoms such as fatigue, anxiety, and food cravings.

Too much Vitamin A

Can result in vitamin A toxicity. This condition can be serious, resulting in hair loss, very dry lips, and damage to the liver, spleen, and other organs. People should avoid taking more than about 15,000 retinol equivalents RE per day. This condition is generally a problem only when people take too many vitamin A suppliments.

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates break down the basic chemical sugars that supply energy for the body. They are frequently called "carbs". The most important carbohydrate is "glucose" because it provides the majority of the body's energy.

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates can be combined with proteins to produce many important body chemicals. For example, "mucopolysaccharides" are carbohydrate-lipid complexes that are good water binders. These are important to the skin and are present in the dermis as "glycosaminoglycans", a water-binding substance between the fibers of the dermis.

Food Group 2

Carbohydrates- The recommended intake 54% or 281 grams

Diets and Lifestyle

Changing our diets and lifestyle is necessary to slow down this prevalent trend. Conversely, some individuals are underweight and malnourished, which is not healthy either. An average weight and balanced diet are the optimum goals for good health.

Cholesterol

Cholesterol and phospholipids, along with some triglycerides, are absorbed into the lymph system because they are insoluble in water "blood".

Cholesterol

Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in your body that is needed to produce hormones, vitamin D, and bile. Cholesterol protects nerves, the structure of cells, and is vitally important in the body- until we begin to show signs that we have too much in the body.

Good Nutrition for Healthy Skin

Clients may be taking medications for health conditions such as diabetes or high blood pressure which can be negatively affected by misleading advice, including supplement recommendations; however, it is beneficial for anyone practicing personal-care services, such as esthetics, to have a good working knowledge of nutrition and how the body is affected by the foods we consume.

Why Study Nutrition?-C

Clients will directly benefit from the information and referrals that we can make based on having a basic understanding of nutrition.

Arteriosclerosis

Clogging and Hardening of the Arteries. Omega-3 fatty acids are largely present in cold-water fish. Salmon is the highest in omega-3 acids, but mackerel, tuna, herring, trout, and cod are also high in omega-3.

Complementary foods

Complementary foods are combinations of two incomplete proteins that, together, provide all the essential amino acids and make a complete protein. Some complementary proteins are peanut butter and bread, rice and beans, beans and corn, and blackeyed peas and cornbread.

Derivatives

Derivatives of vitamin A are used in many skin prescription creams called retinoic acid or Retin-A, known as "retinoids".

Diabetes

Diabetes results from this imbalance. Regulating hormone and glucose levels through proper nutrition is important to maintain good health.

Dietitians

Dietitians generally believe that 55 to 60 percent of all calories should be obtained from carbohydrates-mainly grains, bread, pasta, vegetables, and fruit. Candy is also a carbohydrate, but sweets should be limited to no more than 240 calories per day for women and 310 calories for men.

Omega-3/Omega-6

Disease-preventing omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids necessary for brain and body development, metabolism, and hair and skin growth; however, too much omega-6 in the diet can lead to health problems. The typical American diet has an excess of omega 6, while the healthy Mediterranean diet has more omega 3. The dietary amount for omega-3 is recommended to be three times more than omega-6.

Protein-D

Eleven of the twenty common amino acids is called the non-essential amino acids because they can be synthesized by the body and do not have to be in our diet. The remaining nine are the essential amino acids that must be in our daily diet because they cannot be synthesized by the human body.

Enzymes

Enzymes are also necessary to bring about reactions or speed up reactions in the body. Materials in the body are reduced by enzymes into carbon dioxide, water, and unnecessary end-products that are excreted. Vitamins also assist in breaking down molecules.

Enzymes

Enzymes are biological catalysts made of protein and vitamins. Enzymes break down complex food molecules into smaller molecules to utilize the energy extracted from food.

Skin Health

Experts agree that eating foods rich in nutrients and loaded with vitamins and minerals is the most important way to achieve health in general; however, taking vitamin and mineral supplements may provide additional skin health support.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-soluble vitamins A,D, E, and K are generally present in fats within foods. The body stores them in the liver and in adipose "fat" tissue. Because they can be stored in the body, it is possible to get too much of certain vitamins, namely vitamins A and D. Fat-soluble vitamins protect the outside membrane of cells.

Fatty Acids

Fats are organic compounds made up of a glycerol molecule and fatty acids. The chemical composition of the carbon and hydrogen molecules that combine with glycerol determine the type of fatty acid.

Calories

Fats are very high in "calories", the measure of heat units. Calories fuel the body by making energy available for work. A gram of fat has 9 calories, while a gram of carbohydrate or a gram of protein has 4 calories.

Fats- The Third Group of Macronutrients

Fats, also known as "lipids", are the third group of macronutrients. Fats are used energy, but not as readily as carbohydrates. Although many people associate fats with obesity, some fat is required in the diet, and it is an essential component of good health.

Food Group 3

Fats- The recommended intake 26% or 60 grams

Fatty Acids-Triglycerides

Fatty acids make up "triglycerides", the main fat in foods. Triglycerides are fats and oils representing 95 percent of fat intake.

Fiber

Fiber, another type of carbohydrate, is commonly called roughage. It is divided into two categories: soluble and insoluble. These carbohydrates help move food particles from the digestive tract and on into the colon, where they are ultimately expressed as waste or stool. A lack of fiber is associated with constipation and, in the long term, with colon cancer.

Glucose

Fluctuating blood sugar levels and food cravings are triggered if the brain is energy starved. Simple carbs, such as table sugar, have no fiber and are quickly absorbed into the bloodstream.

Molecules

Foods are broken down into basic molecules that are delivered to every cell in the human body. These molecules are used by the cells to repair damage, form new cells, and conduct all biochemical reactions that run the body's systems.

Glucose

Glucose is stored in the muscles and liver as glycogen, or animal starch. When muscles are used, glycogen is broken down to provide energy needed for muscular work. Nutrients are broken down into "adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the substance that provides energy to cells. ATP also converts oxygen to carbon dioxide, a waste product we breathe out.

My Plate-B

Grains, vegetables, dairy, fruits and proteins are five basic food categories in the "My Plate" icon. Nutritional tips , recipes, and other tools for building healthy diets according to individual needs can be found at www.ChooseMyPlate.gov.

Dietary Sources of Carbohydrates

High-fiber foods, including grain, bran "such as bran or wheat bran", whole-grain bread, beans, apples, and vegetables such as carrots and corn. Some foods are listed in two different categories because there is more than one type of saccharide group in many foods. For example, potatoes are a starch and also contain fiber. Fruits and vegetables have both simple sugars and fiber.

Individual Needs

Individual needs such as pregnancy and lactation can affect women's nutritional needs. Diseases or medications that affect the ability to digest food interrupt the normal process of nutrients reaching the bloodstream and, consequently, the cells. See a dietitian or doctor for nutritional advice.

My Plate-D

Interestingly, as consumers, we have never had more detailed information about the foods we are purchasing and consuming, yet as a nation, we have never been more overweight. Many nutritional reports say that much of the population consumes more calories than needed.

Beta-Carotene

Is a provitamin A. Provitamins also called "precursors" are vitamin-containing substances that are converted to the actual vitamin once they are in the body? Beta-carotene is responsible for the bright color of many fruits and vegetables.

Beta Carotene

Is found in carrots, dark green vegetables such as spinach, and in fruits that are orange in color. Most people get about half their vitamin A from retinol and a half from beta-carotene.

Linoleic Acid

Linoleic Acid is Omega-6, an essential fatty acid used to make certain hormones and maintain the lipid barrier of the skin. Linoleic acid is found in oils made from safflower, sunflower, corn, soybean, borage, and flaxseed.

Lipoproteins

Lipoproteins contain protein and lipids that transport water-soluble lipids through the blood.

Macronutrients

Macronutrients are the basic building blocks necessary for bodily functions, including the functioning of the skin. The macronutrients are the three basic food groups.

Medications

Medications can interfere with the body's ability to absorb vitamins and minerals. As with all supplements, herbal preparations, and medications, it is necessary to consult with a qualified professional for the proper dosage and implementation of products into one's diet.

Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals

Micronutrients are essential trace vitamins and minerals that we need for proper body functions including copper, iodine, zinc, and selenium. They are used in processes carried out by the cells for the production of many biochemicals necessary for life.

Fortified Milk

Milk that has been fortified contains vitamin A. Fortified means that a vitamin has been added to a food product.

Monounsaturated Fats

Monounsaturated fats from oilve oil and canola oil are more fluid molecules and are important for cell integrity and membrane phospholipids.

Nutritional Authorities

Most nutritional authorities generally recommend limiting fats to no more than 30 percent of the diet. No more than 10 percent of this amount should come from saturated fats. Saturated fats come primarily from meats and dairy products.

Vegetarians

Must be careful to obtain their daily protein requirements. Those who consume dairy products have an easier time obtaining a sufficient amount of protein. Vegans, people who eat strictly plant products with no dairy products, must be especially careful to consume enough protein in their diet through nuts, grains, legumes, and vegetables.

My Plate-A

My Plate was issued by the USDA in 2011 to replace the food pyramid. The nutritional tool now emphasizes healthy food choices using a visual representation of a plate setting by breaking out the food groups by recommended proportions.

Nutrition Recommendations-A

Nutritional needs depend on various factors such as age, sex, weight, physical activity, and body type. The United States Department of Agriculture "USDA" is the governmental agency that regulates nutrition related affairs.

Nutritionists

Nutritionists suggest that these fish should be a regular part of the diet and consumed two or three times a week. Alpha-linoleic acid, and omega-3, is a popular nutrient for healthy skin and reducing inflammation. Sources of omega-3 include fish oil, walnuts, flax, pumpkin seeds, and algae.

Dietary Sources of Proteins

One example would be with eggs: if you eat too many eggs, you may raise your cholesterol count. Many plant sources are low in fat and a good source of fiber, but they are not complete proteins because they lack at least one of the essential amino acids.

Fatty Acids- Phospholipids

Phospholipids " the main lipids in cell membranes and sterols are the remaining 5 percent

Polyunsaturated Fats

Polyunsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature and are more easily oxidized. Polyunsaturated fats are found in fish, corn, safflower, and nut oils.

Polyunsaturated & Monounsaturated Fats

Primarily come from vegetable oils. Foods such as pastries, fast foods, fried foods, snack foods "junk foods", and products containing cream are high in fat and should be avoided or eaten in moderation.

Nutrition for the Skin 2

Proper dietary choices help regulate hydration " maintaining a healthy level of water in the body", oil production, and overall cell function. Skin disorders, fatigue, stress, depression, and some diseases are often a result of a poorly balanced diet. Vitamins and minerals are a necessary part of a balanced diet.

Protein Requirements

Protein requirements make up the balance of the diet, around 15 to 20 percent. Remember that protein sources, such as meat, also contain fats and carbohydrates.

Proteins-A

Proteins are chains of amino acids molecules that are used by every cell of the body to make other usable proteins. These building bocks carry out various functions required by the cells and the body. Proteins are used in the duplication of DNA, the blueprint material containing all the information that controls the function of every living cell.

Proteins-B

Proteins are needed to make muscle tissue, blood, and enzymes as well as the keratin that is present in the skin, nails, and hair. Proteins are used by the immune system in making antibodies. Collagen and elastin are also made from protein.

Proteins-C

Proteins contain essential amino acids. Although there are more than 100 naturally occurring amino acids, the proteins of all plant and animals are made from just 20 "common amino acids".

Food Group 1

Proteins- The recommended intake 20% or 105 grams

Refined Carbohydrates

Refined carbohydrates such as white bread have their natural fiber and bran milled away, so they enter the bloodstream more quickly but do not provide long-term energy. Eating "good" or complex carbohydrates such as whole grains will help slow absorption of glucose into the bloodstream and balance glucose levels.

Rentinol

Retinol and retinoic acid, also known as Retin-A, are examples of retinoids.

Saturated Fats

Saturated fats are unhealthy, highly processed fats that raise serum cholesterol. Hydrogenated fats are also detrimental to health because they elevate blood lipids and cholesterol. Saturated fats are found mostly in animal sources and coconut and palm oils.

Saturated Fats

Saturated fats such as processed foods have more rigid molecules, and this can cause hardening of the arteries.

Vegetarians

Soy products are particularly beneficial in the vegetarian diet. Dietary sources of protein come from animal meats as well as fish, eggs, dairy products, nuts, grains, and beans. Although most vegetables also contain protein, it is in smaller proportions. Protein deficiencies can cause anemia, low resistance to infection, and organ impairment.

Dietary Sources of Carbohydrates

Starches, including grains, cereals, bread, and other flour products; potatoes; rice; legumes "beans"; and pasta.

Nutritional Recommendations- B

The USDA issues recommended dietary allowances RDA's for certain nutrients, including vitamins and minerals. The USDA "My Plate" is a recommended guideline for food groups that individuals should consume daily and can be personalized based on an individual's needs.

The Body and Fats

The body has the capacity to manufacture fats for use as needed. These fats can be made from carbohydrates and proteins. Essential fatty acids are acids that the body cannot manufacture on its own, and therefore they need to be extracted internally by the body from ingested foods. Fatty acids from food protect against disease and help produce hormones.

Cholesterol

The body makes cholesterol, so we do not need to consume large amounts of it in the diet.

Beta-Carotene

The carotenes consumed in the diet are important in controlling the free radicals formed during biochemical reactions in the body. Research also points to the possibility that carotenes may play an important role in the formation and function system cells.

Dietary Sources of Carbohydrates

The dietary sources of carbohydrates include simple carbohydrates such as sweets, syrups, honey, fruits, and many vegetables.

Insulin

The hormone insulin, produced in the pancreas, brings nutrients and glucose into cells and stores fat. Without insulin, the body cannot utilize glucose. Consequently, there is a high level of glucose in the blood and a low level of glucose absorption by the tissues.

Fat

The layer of fat in the body also helps retain heat. Fats are producing the materials in the sebaceous glands that lubricate the skin. Lipids are fats or fatlike substances used by the body to make hormones, create cell membranes, and assist in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Monosaccharides

The most basic unit of a carbohydrate is glucose, the simplest of all carbohydrates. The glucose molecule is known as a "monosaccharide"; mono meaning one, and saccharide meaning sugar, a one-unit sugar molecules that all cells use for energy. Fruit sugar "fructose" is a naturally occurring monosaccharide.

Calories to Run the Body

The number of calories required to run the body varies with individual lifestyles. Obesity in the United States has doubled in the past 2 decades. Nearly one-third of adults are obese; that is, they have a body mass index BMI of 30 or greater.

The Three Basic Types of Carbohydrates

The three basic types of carbohydrates are simple sugars, starches, and fiber.

Fatty Acids

The three types of fatty acids are Saturated, Monounsaturated, and Polyunsaturated.

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides

There are three basic structural carbohydrate divisions: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Starches

These are also called complex carbohydrates and are present in many vegetables and grains. Starch is a white, odourless, complex carbohydrate that is and important food. In plants, carbohydrates are stored chiefly as starch.

Disaccharides

These are made up of two molecular sugar units "di means two". Lactose "milk sugar" and sucrose "sugar" are both disaccharides.

Simple sugars

These are present in table sugar "also known as sucrose", fruit sugars "fructose", and milk sugars, "lactose".

Polysaccharides

These complex compounds consist of a chain of sugar unit molecules "poly from the Greek word polu, meaning many". A digestible polysaccharide starch can be broken down by the digestive system into simpler, unable glucose molecules. Starch is the storage form of glucose for plants. Fiber is also a polysaccharide but is not digestible.

The Three Food Groups

They make up the largest part of nutrition we eat. Eating foods found in all three of these basic food groups is necessary to support the health of the body. Based on the 2000 calories a day according to the USDA's DASH Eating Plan.

Molecules

They provide energy that enables our bodies to perform numerous functions. The skin is nourished by the blood through the arteries and capillaries in the circulatory system. Think of the blood or the cell as a factory.

My Plate-C

Three examples of food guidelines are the USDA Food Guide; the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension "DASH" Eating Plan; and the Institute of Medicine's nutrient intake recommendations.

Weight

To safeguard against these choose foods that are high in nutrients but lower in calories. People of all ages are encouraged to eat foods with more calcium, potassium, fiber, magnesium and Vitamins A, C, and E. Other recommended dietary changes are to avoid oversized meal portions and reduce calories, saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, sugars, and salt.

Too much Fat

Too much cholesterol or fat in the diet can result in clogged blood vessels, slowing and blocking blood flow. High levels of blood cholesterol can lead to high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke. High cholesterol is also genetically determined.

Topically

Topically, vitamin A can be used to treat many different types of acne and other skin conditions, primarily wrinkles. It is found in many over-the-counter OTC creams and lotions.

Trans Fatty Acids

Trans fatty acids can increase the "bad" type of cholesterol in the blood, known as low-density lipoprotein LDL. LDL's are composed largely of cholesterol. Conversely, high-density lipoproteins HDL's are "good" lipoproteins with high protein content.

Tretinoin

Tretinoin, better known as Retin-A or Renova is used to treat both acne and sun damaged skin. Retinoids are also used in skin care formulations. Retinol helps improve the appearance of sun damaged skin, and it may help other esthetic disorders. Retinyl palmitate polypeptide and beta-carotene are also used in skin care, primarily for their antioxidant properties.

Nutrition for the Skin 1

Understanding how to maintain skin and body health is beneficial to the esthetician personally, as well as to the client. Healthy skin begins with diet and water intake. The adage, "You are what you eat", still holds true.

Why Study Nutrition? -B

Understanding proper nutrients for the body in order to maintain optimum energy levels throughout the day is beneficial for all practitioners and their clients.

Epithelial Tissue

Vitamin A is also important for the proper maintenance of epithelial tissue, which makes up the surface of the lungs, intestines, mucous membranes, the bladder, and the skin. These surfaces produce mucus, which is important for protection and flexibility.

Vitamin A

Vitamin A is necessary for proper eyesight, especially at night. A deficiency in vitamin A can result in a condition known as night blindness, or impair the ability of the eyes to adapt to the dark.

Fat-soluble Vitamins

Vitamin A supports the overall health of the skin. This vitamin aids in the functioning and repair of skin cells. Vitamin A is an antioxidant that can help prevent certain types of cancers, including skin cancer, and it has been shown to improve the skin's elasticity and thickness.

Vitamins and Minerals

Vitamins and Minerals must be part of the diet because the body cannot synthesize all vitamins on its own. Vitamins are required for many chemical reactions that break down and reconstruct proteins, convert amino acids, synthesize fatty acids. Many vitamins are also involved in energy release from carbohydrates.

Vitamins

Vitamins fall into two categories: fat-soluble "vitamins A, D, E, and K" and water-soluble "vitamins B, and C.

Skin Health

Vitamins play an important role in the skin's health by aiding in healing, softening, and fighting diseases of the skin. Antioxidants such as A, C, and E have all been shown to have positive effects on the skin's health.

We are not Dietitians

We know esthetician's are not licensed dietitians, nor are we adequately trained in nutrition to legally recommend dietary changes to our clients.

Calories

When people take in too many calories and do not use them in body functions, the body stores the excess calories as body fat. It takes about 3,500 extra calories can come from the intake of fat, carbohydrates, or even protein.