Minority Am Socio Quiz 1 (Chpt 1/2)

aristotle

"Whoever is not Greek is a Barbarian" and Socrates: "Neither Athenian or Greek, I am a citizen of the world" (Aristotle Racist, Socrates not). Racism existed before the concept of race explored

Minstrelsy

A form of popular entertainment that ruled the American stage between 1830 and 1910, in which whites performed in blackface and purported to represent authentic African-American life. Minstrel shows featured a collection of stock characters that portrayed blacks as lazy, ignorant, subservient, buffoonish, and childish.

sociological imagination

Ability to see the connection between the larger world and our personal lives

color line

Biological Racism we often think bio racism is in past, but phenotypic differences and ideas still negatively influence groups. Underlying the racist ideology there is a legacy of phenotypic differences debate of physical vs intellectual superiority still in people's heads Cultural differences ( web DU Bois 1920 but was actually based in work by an antrhropologist) culture > race norms, values, class, status whiteness is an ideology, linked to skin but more about culture, norms, status, etc Black / white Binary racial stratification in U.S. Presidency, negatively assessing blacks favoring white and those who seem white Black not favored (ultimately about about cultural categories) Tri-Racial Hierarchy (new concept by Bonilla -Silva 1999) Honorary white -to act as white, to fit white status becomes honorary white 3 categories white Honorary white Black

cultural and social capital

Cultural capital refers to the sum total of one's knowledge of established and exalted cultural activities and practices social capital includes all the resources one accrues by virtue of being connected to a network of people.

race

Group of people who have differences and similarities in biological traits deemed by society to be socially significant (physical difference)

Phenotype

How people look on the outside

Racial taxonomy

How races are categorized: 5 major groups include; Native Americans, alaskan natives, pacific islanders, hispanics, and caucasians Imposed by many institutions and these categories homogenize groups, especially multi-ethnic group individuals

coded language

Indirect allusions to physical appearance, class upbringing, or sexual attractiveness; code words that give voice to dormant racialized dispositions (such as "welfare queen," "urban unrest," "illegal immigrants," "Islamic terrorists" ).

Interracial Unions

Marriages between individuals of different racial or ethnic groups. Racism can shape-shift and adjust to demographic changes. It can make—and has made—room in its wide enterprise for degrading multiracial people. Some parents, white and nonwhite alike, actively discourage their children from interracial dating, many times cloaking their own prejudices or ethnic chauvinism in a concern over mixed-race children or "other people's" racism.

Systemic racism

Racism directed against a group of people through an institution's rules and policies

biological determinism

Refers to the idea that all human behavior is innate, determined by genes, brain size, attributes, determined by culture or other social forces

white privilege

Societal privilege benefitting white people over nonwhites in some societies, particularly if they are otherwise under the same social, political, economic circumstances

What aides in the formation of Racial Identity and concept:

Spanish conquest : viceroyalty of New Spain English conquest: North American and Carribean manifest Destiny - mexican American (Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848 which granted citizenship to mexicans in Texas) manifest Destiny - Indian Problem (give excuse to perform genocide and forced migration of Native Americans Brazil portuguese conquest Dutch conquest: North America, South America, and Caribbean French conquest: North America, SA, and Carribean

whiteness

Structural position, racialized social identity that positioned as superior relative to other races within a system of racial hierarchy

Ahistorical Fallacy

The bold claim that most United States history, including the legacies of slavery and colonialism, is inconsequential today.

Separate is not equal

The case put forth by Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP in 1954 that racially segregated schools were separate but anything but equal; the Supreme Court ruled on behalf of the NAACP, dismantling the legal basis of racial segregation.

Multiethnic Heritage

The category by which many Americans identify, claiming heritages from two or more ethnicities or races.

Whiteness

The dominant racial category which normalizes racial domination and reproduces many cultural, political, economic, and social advantages and privileges for white people and withholds such advantages and privileges from nonwhite people.

race is a social reality

The idea, as put forth by James Baldwin, that race is not a biological reality, but rather a political reality, or what we might call a social construction.

symbolic violence

Type of non-violence manifested in power differential between social groups

color-blind racism

White assertion living in world where race privilege no longer exists, behavior supports racialized structures and practices

Legalistic Fallacy

assumes that abolishing racist laws (racism in principle) leads to abolition of racism everyday life (racism in practice)

Tokenistic Fallacy

assumes that the presence of people of color in influential positions is evidence that complete eradication of racial obstacles

collective action

bold reform and transformative social change brought about (most consequential) public protest: through strikes, sustain boycotts. public demonstrations, civil disobedience, racial uprising. Participate in collective political action employ time honored methods of public protest engage fully as possible in civil society and refuse become victims in democratic society

Civil Rights Movement

collection of organizations and people who carried out political acts aimed at abolishing racial segregation, nonwhite disenfranchisement, and racial economic exploitation

Immigration to the US

first wave (1820- 1880 ): Asia, Europe, diverse group, Irish, german chinese Second Wave (1880- 1965): Europe, immigration more selective Third wave ( 1965 - present): central South American, diverse populations Eugenics (third wave , seen today):Discrimination & whitening (for some) Racial Discourses- justified by science whitening more linked to adoption of a white identity. Stereotypes are part of Racial Discourses cultural, class, biological used to justify discrimination

Colonialism

foreign power invades territory and establishes enduring system of exploitation and domination over that territory indigenous populations

Fixed Fallacy

immutable, constant across time and space, not develop in anyway, often defining racism only by most heinous forms, such as racial violence

Interpersonal Racism

interactions and practices, either overt as in old-fashioned bigotry, where people act out their prejudices and give direct expression to negative attitudes guided by demeaning stereotypes of others or covert, found in habitual, common-sensical, ordinary practices of lives

"Age of Discovery" (Colonialism/Modernity

linked to the way people were "discovered," there needed to be an ideology so the people can be taken advantage of (resources taken/exploitation)

Multiculturalism

people inherent dignity as human beings recognize. hopes to abolish race as a relevant criterion in law, public policy, and everyday social practices, multiculturalism envisions society in which racial diversity is fully taken into account and valued for own sake

Eugenics

program set forth by galton ensure genetic purity by attempting to 'solve' 'natural inferiority of lower races' through extreme measures as forced sterilization

Ethnic Nationalism

racial integration did not lead to liberation but to more oppression for many non-whites, racial segregation and complete independence from whites was only answer. ambassadors or ethnic nationalism resist cultural/social assimilation and champion self determination, race, pride, separatism, independent nation on racial identity

Individualist Fallacy

racism assumed to belong to realm of ideas and attitudes; racism only collection of nasty thoughts a 'racist individual' about another group

Ethnicity

shared lifestyle informed by cultural, historical, religious, national affiliations

color blindness

society racial differences exist but no one pays them heed, a world in which race no longer serves as basis for social stigmatization, discrimination, inequality, injustice

Slavery

system wherein workers are property of masters and not paid for labor

institutional racism

systemic white domination of people of color, embedded and operating in corporations, universities, legal systems, political bodies, cultural life, and other social collectives

Manifest Destiny

the 19th-century doctrine or belief that its Gods will that US conquer American continent

Intersectionality

the overlapping systems of advantages and disadvantages where racism intersects with forms of domination, such as those based on gender, class, sexuality, religion, nationhood, ability...

Immigration

the process of entering and establishing permanent residence in a place other than country of origin, immigrants flocked to America by millions

ancient racism

throughout history, prejudice existed long before