Mis 204

SWOT analysis

a business planning process in which various aspects of a business situation are analyzed and compared.

Expert Systems (ES)

a computer-based information system that uses its knowledge about a complex application area to act as an expert consultant to users. The system consists of a knowledge base and software modules that perform inference on the knowledge and communicate answers to a user's questions.

Expert System (ES)

a computer-based information system that uses its knowledge about specific complex application area to act as an expert consultant to users. The system consists of a knowledge base and software modules that perform inferences on the knowledge and communicate answers to a user's question.

Bits

a contraction of "binary digit". It can have the value of either 0 or 1.

Source Document

a document that is the original formal record of a transaction such as a purchase order or sales invoice.

Competitive Strategies

a firm can develop cost leadership, products differentiation, and business innovation strategies to confront its competitive forces.

Competitive Forces

a firm must confront (1)Rivalry of competitors within industry (2)Threats of new entrants (3)Threats of substitutes (4)The bargaining power of customers (5)The bargaining power of suppliers

Executive Information System (EIS)

a information system that provides strategic information tailored to the needs of executives and other decision makers.

Extranet

a network that links selected resources of a company with its customers, suppliers, and other business partners, using the internet or private networks to link the organizations' intranets.

Information System Specialist

a person whose occupation is related to the providing of information system services, for example, a systems analyst, programmer, or computer operator.

Internet

a rapidly growing computer network of millions of business, educational, and governmental networks connecting hundreds of millions of computers and their users in more than 200 countries.

Offshoring

a relocation of an organization's business processes to a lower-cost location overseas.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

a science and technology whose goal is to develop computers that can think, as well as see, hear, walk, talk, and feel. A major thrust is development of computer functions normally associated with human intelligence, for example, reasoning, inference, learning, and problem solving. Robotics: the technology of building machines (robots) with computer intelligence and human like physical capabilities.

Chief Information Officer, CIO

a senior management position that overseas all information technology for a firm concentrating on long-range information system planning and strategy.

Bytes

a sequence of adjacent binary digits operated on as a unit and usually shorter than a computer word. In many computers systems, a byte is a grouping of eight bits that can represent one alphabetic or special character or that can be packed with two decimals digits.

Intelligence Agent

a special-purpose knowledge-based system that serves as a software surrogate to accomplish specific tasks for end users.

Spyware

also called adware

Transaction Processing System

an information system that processes data arising from the occurring of business transactions.

Decision Support Systems

an information system that utilizes decision models, a database, and a decision maker's own insight in an ad hoc, interactive analytical modeling process to reach a specific decision by a specific decision maker.

Database

an integrated collection of logically related data elements. A database consolidates many records previously stored in separate files so that a common pool of data serves many applications.

Intranet

an internet-like network within an organization. Web browser software provides easy access to internal web sites established by business units, teams, and individuals, and other network resources and applications.

Informed Consent

anyone affected must know and accept it

End User

anyone who uses an information system or the information it produces

Firewall

computers, communications processors, and software that protect computer networks from intrusion by screening all network traffic and serving as a safe transfer point for access to and from other networks

Information

data placed in a meaningful and useful context for an end user.

Minimize Risk

if we can get rid of risk, we should

Functional Business Systems

information systems within a business organization that supports one of the traditional functions of business such as marketing, finance, or production. Functional business systems can be either operations or management information systems.

Change Management

managing the process of implementing major changes in information technology, business processes, organizational structures, and job assignments to reduce the risks and costs of change and optimize its benefits.

Knowledge Workers

people whose primary work activities include creating, using, and distributing information.

System Thinking

recognizing systems, subsystems, components of systems, and system interrelationships in a situation. Also known as a system context or a systemic view of a situation.

Adware

software that pushes advertising to a particular machine. Adware is usually not considered to be malicious, as it is often incorporated with a useful piece of software desired by a user.

E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce)

the buying and selling, marketing and servicing, and delivery and payment of products, services, and information over the internet, intranets, extranets, and other networks, between an inter-networked enterprise and its prospects, customers, suppliers, and other business partners. Includes business to consumer (B2C), business-to-business (B2B), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce.

Transborder Data Flows (TDF)

the flow of business data over telecommunications networks across international borders.

Prototype

the rapid development and testing of working models, or prototype, of new information system applications in an interactive, iterative process involving both systems analysts and end users.

Ergonomics

the science and technology emphasizing the safety, comfort, an ease of use of human-operated machines such as computers.

E-Business (Electronic Business)

the use of Internet technologies to inter-network and empower business processes, electronic commerce, and enterprise communication and collaboration within a company and with its customers, suppliers, and other business stakeholders.

Enterprise Collaboration System

the use of groupware tools and the internets, extranets, and other computer networks to support and enhance communications, coordination, collaboration, and resource sharing among teams and workgroups in an internetworked enterprise.

Justice

those that get the benefits should get the risk

Outsourcing

turning over all or part of an organization's information systems operation to outside contractors, known as systems integrators or service providers

Opt-in/Opt-out

two alternatives in what should be the default stance in privacy considerations.

Data Mining

using special-purpose software to analyze data from a data warehouse to find hidden patterns and trends.

Proportionality

what ever good is a achieved, benefits must exceed cost

4 Principal Tech Ethics

(1) Proportionality- what ever good is a achieved, benefits must exceed cost (2) Informed Consent- anyone affected must know and accept it (3) Justice- those that get the benefits should get the risk (4) Minimize Risk- if we can get rid of risk, we should

System

(1) a group of interrelated or interacting elements forming a unified whole. (2) a group of interrelated components working together toward a common goal by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process. (3) an assembly of methods, procedures, or techniques unified by regulated interaction to form an organized whole. (4) an organized collection of people, machines, and methods required to accomplish a set of specific functions.

Information System

(1) a set of people, procedures, and resources that collects, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization. (2) a system that accepts data resources as input and processes them into information products as output.

Feasible Study

- Determines the organizational, economic, technical, and operational feasibility of a proposed information system. 1. Operational Feasibility 2. Economic Feasibility 3. Technological Feasibility 4. Human Factors Feasibly 5. Legal and Political Feasibility

Process Control System

- Monitor and Control physical processes.

Operation Support System

- Produce a variety of information products for internal and external use; however, they do not emphasize the specific information products that can best be used by managers.

Role of Information System in Business

- Support of Business Processes and Operations - Computer-based Information System - Support of Business Decision Making - Support of Strategies for Competitive Advantage

Robotics

- This technology produces robot machine with computer intelligence and computer-controlled, human like physical capabilities. - AI, engineering, and physiology are the basic disciplines of robotics.

Feedback

1) Data or information concerning the components and operations of a system (2) The use of part of the output of a system as input to the system.

Control

1) the system component that evaluates feedback to determine whether the system is moving toward the achievement of its goal and then makes any necessary adjustment to the input and processing components of the system to ensure that proper output is produced. (2) a management function that involves observing and measuring organizational performance and environmental activities and modifying the plans and activities of the organization when necessary.

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

A multistage process for studying in detail the information needs of users and any information systems presently used, and then developing a system to correct a problem or improving operations.

Strategic Planning

Develop a firm's 1. Mission 2. Goals 3. Policies

Tactical Planning

Develop a firm's 1. Objectives 2. Procedures 3. Rules 4. Schedules 5. Budget

Operation Planning

Develop a firm's 1. Implement 2. Control 3. Day-to-day operations

Information Technology (IT)

Hardware, software, telecommunications, database management, and other information processing technologies used in computer-based information systems.

COMPONENTS

Hardware: (1) machines and media (2) physical equipment as opposed to computer programs or method of use. (3) mechanical, magnetic, electrical, or optical devices. Contrast with software. Software: computer programs and procedures concerned with the operation of an information system. Contrast with Hardware. Data: facts or observations about physical phenomena or business transactions. More specifically, data are objective measurements of the attributes (characteristics) of entities such as people, places, things, and events. Network: an interconnected system of computers, terminals, and communications channels and devices. People: Policies: Procedures: sets of instruction used by people to complete a task.

Input (IPO)

Involves capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed. Ex: raw materials, energy, data

Output (IPO)

Involves transferring elements that have been produced by a transformation process to their ultimate destination. Ex: finished products, human services

Processing (IPO)

Involves transforming processes that convert input into output. Ex: manufacturing processes

Disaster Recovery

Methods for ensuring that an organization recovers from natural and human-caused disasters that have affected its computers-based operations