MIS Final Exam Review: Chapter 7 (Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology)

What is HTML?

(Hypertext Markup Language) Formats documents for display on Web

What is HTTP?

(Hypertext Transfer Protocol) Communications standard used for transferring Web pages

What are URLs?

(Uniform resource locators) Addresses of Web pages

Describe a twisted pair wire.

- 4 pairs of copper wires twisted together - Advantages: Is everywhere, inexpensive, easy to use - Disadvantages: Cross-talk or interference

What are search engines?

- Allow you to find information on the Web - Started in early 1990s as relatively simple programs using keyword indexes - Ex: Google, Yahoo!, Bing, Ask - Search engine optimization (SEO) - tactics to help Web site get higher ranking with major search engines

Describe Fiber Optic Cable.

- Are fiberglass tubes - Thin-glass tubes across which we send the signal (as light) - Uses additional signal - Disadvantages: expensive and hard to use

What are some aspects of Web 2.0?

- Blogs: chronological, informal Web sites; Weblog - RSS (Really Simple Syndication): syndicates Web content so aggregator software can pull content for use in another setting - Wikis: collaborative Web sites where visitors can add, delete, or modify content on the site - Social networks: communities of friends and colleagues

Major components in simple network:

- Client computer - Server computer - Network interfaces (NICs) - Connection medium - Network operating system - Hub or switch (usually)

Internet Addressing: What is DNS (Domain Name System)?

- Converts IP addresses to English-like domain names - Hierarchical structure with top-level domains (e.g., edu, gov, com, net, org) - **is a hierarchical system with a root domain, top-level domains, second-level domains, and host computers at the third level.**

Describe a LAN.

- Designed for devices within a half mile radius, typically a small office or building - Ethernet is dominant LAN standard - Architecture is typically client/server, although can be peer to peer

What are some Internet Services?

- E-mail - Chatting and instant messaging - Newsgroups - World Wide Web - VoIP : voice information sent by packet switching over the Internet - Virtual private network (VPN) - secure, encrypted private network configured within the public network

What is the internet and when did it start?

- Global network of networks - Began in early 1970s to connect DoD to researchers

Wired Transmission Media: Describe Microwave.

- High-frequency radio signals - Used for high-volume, long-distance, point-to-point communication

Describe Coaxial wires.

- Is a single copper wire - Slightly thicker wire - Is enmeshed in sheathing - Advantages: less interference; transmits faster

Describe Coax Connector.

- Less interference - Very easy to work with - Inexpensive

Wireless Access: Describe BlueTooth:

- Links up to 8 devices in 10 meter area - Uses low-power, radio-based communication - Useful for personal networking (PANs)

What is Packet Switching?

- Method of slicing digital messages into parcels (packets), sending packets along different communication paths as they become available, and then reassembling packets at destination - Previous circuit-switched networks required assembly of complete point-to-point circuit - Packet switching more efficient use of network's communications capacity

Wired Transmission Media: Describe Satellite.

- Microwave transmissions in celestial orbit - Used for geographically dispersed organizations

What does connectivity require for the internet?

- Requires ISP (internet service provider) - Requires cable or telephone (usually DSL) connection - Businesses use T1 or T3 line if need dedicated channel

What is Web 2.0?

- Second-generation Internet-based services enabling people to collaborate, share information, and create new services online - Defining features: Interactivity Real-time user control Social participation User-generated content YouTube, Facebook, Flickr, Wikipedia

Wired Transmission Media: Describe Coaxial Cable.

- Single, insulated copper wire: Cable television - Larger volume, higher speeds

Describe a WAN.

- Span broad distances - regions, states, continents - The Internet is the most common WAN

Wired Transmission Media: Describe Twisted Pair.

- Strands of copper wire twisted in pairs: Telephone systems - Limited distance, interference common

Describe Radio Frequency Identification (RFID).

- Tags with embedded microchips containing data about an item and its location - Tags transmit radio signals over short distances to special RFID readers - Most common use is tracking goods in a supply chain - Reduction in cost of tags making RFID viable for many firms

What is Web 3.0?

- The Internet of Things - Everything is connected to the Internet

What are shopping bots?

- Use intelligent agent software for searching Internet for shopping information - Ex: MySimon

What are Fourth Generation (4G) Networks?

- Use packet-switching exclusively - Faster transmission, with better quality and security than 3G

Wireless Access: Describe WIFI:

- Used for wireless LAN and wireless Internet access - Use access points: device with radio receiver/transmitter for connecting wireless devices to a wired LAN - Hotspots: one or more access points in public place to provide maximum wireless coverage for a specific area - Weak security features

What is packet switching?

- Used in WAN - breaks up message into packets via whatever channel is available - uses smaller pieces of information

What are the 7 top-level domain names?

- com - org - net - gov - edu - mil - int

Wired Transmission Media: Describe Optics and Optical Networks.

-Bound strands of clear glass fiber - Data sent as pulses of light

What are the governing bodies of the Internet?

-IAB (Internet Architecture Board) - helps define overall structure of Internet - ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) - assigns IP addresses - W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) - sets HTML and other Web programming standards

What are 2 ways to communicate in a network?

1.) Analog Signal: Continuous waveform typically used for voice communication 2.)Digital Signal: Discrete, binary waveform used by computers

What are the three Key Technologies in digital networks:

1.) Client/ Server Computing 2.) Packet Switching 3.) Communications Standards

What are the components needed for Telecom?

1.) Computer 2.) NOS (Networking Operating System) 3.) NIC (Network Interference Card) 4.) Connecting medium (telephone cable, etc.) 5.) Connecting device

What are aspects of Connecting Device?

1.) Hub: uses ethernet protocol; has privacy issues; traffic; very simple and cheap. Most common for local area network 2.) Switch: programming allows message to only go to intended recipient 3.) Router: goes to other networks

What are the types of networks (by geography)?

1.) Local-area networks (LANs) 2.) Wide-area networks (WANs) 3.) Campus-area networks (CANs) 4.) Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)

When was the Internet that we know born?

1982

What is Telecom?

2 or more computers connected for the purpose of selling resources; used to share resources

What does PAN use?

Bluetooth

- Distributed computing model where clients linked through network controlled by server (see Chapter 4) - Server sets rules of communication for network and provides every client with an address so others can find it on the network

Client/Server Computing

What is the protocol for WAN?

TCIP/IP

Which Internet Governance organization is responsible for changes in WWW standards?

W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)

What is IP?

disassembles, delivers, and reassembles packets

What does the TCP handle?

handles movement of data between computers

What is a modem?

is a device that translates digital signals from a computer into analog form so that they can be transmitted over analog telephone lines. The modem also translates analog signals back into digital form for the receiving computer.

What is the World Wide Web?

is a system with universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, and displaying information.

The Internet is:

largest implementation of client/server computing

Transmission Media Speed: The greater the ____________________, the greater the bandwidth and the greater the transmission capacity.

range of frequencies

What are protocols?

rules that govern transmission of information between two points

Internet Addressing: What is IP (Internet Protocol) Address?

Each computer on the Internet is assigned a unique, 32-bit IP address (e.g., 123.45.678.999)

What is the protocol for LAN?

Ethernet

What are Third-Generation (3G) networks?

Higher transmission speeds suitable for broadband Internet access

Describe a MAN.

Is found in a city or metropolitan area.

Transmission Media Speed: What are Bits Per Second?

Measures the amount of digital information that can be transmitted

What translates digital signals into analog form?

Modems (modulator/ demodulator)

Is there any formal internet governance?

NO

What is LTE?

Pre-4G technology currently in use

Wired Transmission Media: Describe Cellular Systems.

Radio waves to communicate with antennas in geographic areas called cells

Device used to route packets of data through different networks, ensuring that data sent gets to the correct address

Routers

What are Communications Standards?

Standards required for linking disparate networks and computers

What is a Domain Name System?

Converts 32 bits IP Addresses into English like names

What is the common worldwide standard that is the basis for the internet?

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

Transmission Media Speed: What is frequency?

Transmission capacity of medium; measured in hertz

What is a computer network?

Two or more connected computers

Integrates disparate channels for voice communications, data communications, instant messaging, email, and electronic conferencing into a single experience by which users can seamlessly switch back and forth between different communication modes.

Unified Communication