Missed Questions Log (Half-way)

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan is a system that identifies, evaluates, and controls hazards that are significant for food safety. The steps in order are: 1-7

(1) Conduct a hazard analysis. (2) Determine critical control points. (3) Establish critical limits. (4) Establish monitoring procedures. (5) Identify corrective actions. (6) Verify that the system works. (7) Establish procedures for record-keeping and documentation.

According to the exchange list, how many carbs, proteins, fats, and calories are in one fat exchange?

0g CHO, 0g PRO, 5g Fat, 45kcals

According to the exchange list, what amount of food(s) is considered one milk exchange?

1 cup of milk (note: be careful of the kind of milk because whole milk has 8g fat while 2% has 5g and 1% has 0-3g)

According to the exchange list, what amount of food(s) is considered one protein exchange?

1 oz of meat, fish or most cheese; 1/4 cup of cottage cheese, egg substitutes, ricotta cheese

According to the exchange list, what amount of food(s) is considered one fat exchange?

1 teaspoon of vegetable oil or butter (stat or unsat); 1 TBS salad dressing

Which food would have the greatest amount of protein: 1. 1 cup milk 2. 1 ounce meat 3. ½ cup vegetables 4. 1 slice bread

1. 1 cup milk; According to the exchange list 1 cup of milk or one exchange contains 8g of protein while 1 oz (1 ex) of meat contains 7g of protein. 1/2 cup (cooked) vegetables (1 ex) contains 2g of protein and the protein content of bread varies but is not as much as 8g per slice. (Krause and Mahan, 2021, p. 1049-1055)

The estimated ideal body weight for a 40-year-old man, 6 feet 2 inches tall, with a large body frame is approximate: 1. 210 lb 2. 200 lb 3. 190 lb 4. 180 lb

1. 210 lb IBW=106+ 6(additional inches over 5ft)+ 10% large frame size

Using the exchange system, calculate the grams of protein provided by the following meal: 4 oz hamburger, 1 hamburger bun, ½ cup cooked broccoli, 1 apple, 1 cup skim milk 1. 44 grams 2. 39 grams 3. 41 grams 4. 37 grams

1. 44 grams; To use the exchange system there are important things to remember. 1 oz of meat= 1 exchange= 7g protein, 1 bun= 2 slices of bread=2 exchanges- and 1 exchange of CHO = 0 to 3g protein, 1/2 cup cooked veggy=1 exchange=2g protein, 4 oz fruit=1 small fruit= 1 exchange= 0g protein, 1 cup milk=1 exchange=8g protein. Therefore 4oz hamburger= 28g, 2 slices of bread = 6g, broccoli=2g, and milk=8g totaling 44g of protein

Norepinephrine and ______________ are principal regulators of BMR. 1. thyroxin 2. insulin 3. glucagon 4. parathyroid

1. thyroxin; BMR is the basal metabolic rate or the minimum amount of energy expended for life (work brain, beat heart). The two principle regulators of the rate of BMR are norepinephrine- related to the sympathetic nervous system and thyroxin related to the thyroid. Insulin, glucagon and parathyroid hormones are involved but have a smaller role. (Krause and Mahan, 2021, p. 17-18)

According to the exchange list, what amount of food(s) is considered one fruit exchange?

1/2 cup canned or fresh fruit or unsweetened juice; 1 small fresh fruit; 2 TBS dried fruit

According to the exchange list, what amount of food(s) is considered one CHO exchange?

1/2 cup cooked cereal, grain, starchy veggie, rice, pasta; 1 oz of bread product aka 1 slice of bread, and snack foods

According to the exchange list, what amount of food(s) is considered one non-starchy veggie exchange?

1/2 cup cooked veggies or veggie juice; 1 cup raw veggies

When dishwashing in a 3 compartment sink the wash temperature must be ______________.

110-120'F

How many ounces are in one gallon?

128 ounces

What is the daily recommended fiber intake for all children ages 1-3yo?

14 g/day for all children age 1-3

According to Medicare requirements, what time span is allowed between evening meals and breakfast?

14hrs

A TPN prescription consists of the following: 500 ml 50% dextrose 500 ml 8.5% amino acids 500 ml 10% lipids This will provide how many total calories and how many grams of protein? A. 1520 total kcal and 42.5 g protein B. 1570total kcal and 21.3 g protein C. 2020 total kcal and 42.5 g protein D. 1570 total kcal and 42.5 g protein

1570 total kcal and 42.5 g protein; Dextrose 500mL* 0.5= 250g* 3.4g/kcal= 850kcals, Amino acids 500mL*0.085= 42.5g* 4=170kcals, Lipids 500mL* 1.1 (factor of 10%)= 550kcals, Total= 1570kcals (visual veggies video)

According to the exchange list, how many carbs, proteins, fats, and calories are in one carb choice?

15g CHO, 0 to 3g PRO, 0 to 1g Fat, 80kcals

According to the exchange list, how many carbs, proteins, fats, and calories are in one fruit choice?

15g CHO, 0g PRO, 0g Fat, 60kcals

How many cups are in a gallon?

16 cups

How many oz in 1lb?

16 oz

How many oz in one pint?

16 oz (2 cups)

What is the daily recommended fiber intake for girls ages 4-8 and 9-13yo?

16.8 g/day for girls age 4-8 22.4 g/day for girls age 9-13

When dishwashing in a 3 compartment sink the sanitize temperature must be ________ for at least ________________, or use chemical solution for _______________ in lukewarm water.

170'F, 30 seconds; 1 minute

What is the daily recommended fiber intake for boys ages 4-8 and 9-13yo?

19.6 g/day for boys age 4-8 25.2 g/day for boys age 9-13

How many cups are in a pint?

2 cups

Daisy Jones puts out 5 grams of UUN. Plus, there is a constant loss of 4 grams. Intake in 24 hours is 70 grams of protein. Calculate nitrogen status. 1. 1.8 grams 2. 2.2 grams 3. -9 grams 4. 61 grams

2. 2.2 grams; 1g nitrogen= 6.25g of protein, 70g of protein= 11.2g of nitrogen - 5g UUN - 4g additional nitrogen loss= 2.2g

What is the desirable/recommended intake of dietary fiber per day? 1. 10-15 grams 2. 20-30 grams 3. 30-40 grams 4. <10 grams

2. 20-30 grams; For adults the exact DRI for fiber is 38g/day for men and 25g/day for women. The range 20-30g is closest to the recommendation without going over. (Krause and Mahan, 2021, p. 1090t)

The richest source of polyunsaturated fat is found in which one of the following oils? 1. canola oil 2. safflower oil 3. sunflower oil 4. corn oil

2. safflower oil; Polyunsaturated fats contain linoleic acid and linolenic acid or Omegas 3 and 6. Of the common polyunsaturated fats safflower oil contains the most omega-6 which makes it the richest source, then sunflower oil, corn oil, soy bean oil, walnut oil, cottonseed oil; Flaxseed oil has the most omega-3 followed by fish oil. (Rolfes, Pinna & Whitney, 2018, p. 138)

Which electrolyte is necessary for absorption, by way of active transport, of glucose and galactose? 1. chloride 2. sodium 3. potassium 4. calcium

2. sodium; calcium, potassium, and chloride are all absorbed through passive transport while sodium can be absorbed actively with in the sodium-potassium pump to create a electron concentration gradient (Krause and Mahan, 2021, p. 33-36)

Gelatin is the only animal protein that is incomplete. It is lacking which one of the following amino acids? 1. phenylalanine 2. tryptophan 3. histidine 4. tyrosine

2. tryptophan; Gelatin is an incomplete protein because it is missing one essential amino acid, tryptophan. The essential amino acids are histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.

How many grams are in one ounce?

28 grams

Ms. Rogers requires 1500 kcal to maintain her current weight.How many grams of protein does she require to maintain a calorie: N ratio of 150:1? 1. 10 2. 100 3. 62.5 4. 50

3. 62.5; The nitrogen ratio is non-protein energy: nitrogen energy. Therefore 1500cal/150cal= 10 grams N x 6.25 grams protein/gram N= 62.5

Which of the infants have adequate hemoglobin levels? Birth Wt. (Lbs) Present Wt. (Lbs) Hemoglobin g/dl Infant A 7.5 17.2 9 Infant B 8.1 31.0 8 Infant C 9.0 25.0 11 Infant D 7.7 28.5 10.5 1. A and D only 2. B and C only 3. C and D only 4. A,B,C, and D

3. C and D only; Adequate infant hemoglobin levels are 9.5 to 13 g/dL or 95 to 130 g/L. Adequate newborn hemoglobin levels are 14 to 24 g/dL or 140 to 240 g/L. It is normal for an infant to grow 5-7oz/week and double their brith wt by 5 months.

What is normal blood pH?

7.35-7.45

What are the adult normal levels of MCV?

80-100fl

Calculate the profit margin if the Net Profit = $2024; Sales = $20,000 and Food cost % = 29%. A .10 B .06 C .35 D .03

A .10; net profit/sales= profit margin

Full-time employees generally only work 236 days per year due to days off and benefit days. Approximately how many employees are necessary for everyday coverage of full-time positions? A 1.55 B 1.75 C 0.75 D 0.55

A 1.55; 365 days each year/236 full-time workdays= 1.55 FTE. 1.55 FTE is required for each FT position. (Gregoire MB, Spears MC. Foodservice Organizations: A Managerial and Systems Approach. 9th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson; 2016.)

Total Quality Management is best described by which grouping of words? A Processes, improvement, customer satisfaction B Outcomes, meet standards, accreditation C Proactive, empowerment, outcomes D Prevention, standard procedures, diagnostic

A Processes, improvement, customer satisfaction; TQM is a philosophy wherein processes are refined with goal of improving performance in response to customer needs and expectations. (Gregoire MB, Spears MC. Foodservice Organizations: A Managerial and Systems Approach. 9th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson; 2016.)

Which agency would regulate the manufacture of canned chicken breast? A. Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) B. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) C. US Department of Agriculture (USDA) D. US Public Health Service (USPHS)

A. Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS); The FSIS is responsible for the inspection of canned products that contain at least 2% cooked meat or poultry. (Brown AC. Understanding Food: Principles and Preparation. 5th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage; 2014)

What financial information is obtained by subtracting cost of goods sold from total sales in a given period? A. Gross profit B. Net profit C. Final profit D. Operating costs

A. Gross profit; Total sales − cost of goods = gross profit. Net profit subtracts expenses from gross profit; final profit is merely another way of referring to net profit. Operating costs refer to expenses. (Edelstein S. Managing Food and Nutrition Services for Culinary, Nutrition, and Hospitality Professionals. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett; 2007:245-248)

TPN (total parenteral nutrition) is frequently used in all of the following situations except when the patient: A. Has the inability to consume adequate intake with normal GI function B. Is diagnosed with neoplastic disease C. Has an ileus- intestinal obstruction D. Is in a hypermetabolic state

A. Has the inability to consume adequate intake with normal GI function; If you have a gut, use it.

A dietitian planning a health promotion program for state employees collaborates with other health professional to assess employee needs. The best information will most likely be gained from employee: A. Health-risk appraisals B. Nutrition assessments C. Medical records D. Interviews

A. Health-risk appraisals

A Personnel Director in a nursing home would be an example of what type of position? A. Staff B. Line C. Functional D. Narrow E. Concentric

A. Staff; Staff positions—Advisory, specialists, they advise and support the line, not involved n day to day operations; Line positions—involved in day to day operations (i.e. food service cook) Functional positions—serves as both line and staff, limited authority over segment of activity because of specialized knowledge; Narrow/Concentric—not employee position terms

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of olive oil that is extruded, post-pressured, and re-pressed? A. Stronger color intensity B. Stronger aroma C. Lower content of free fatty acids D. Watery

A. Stronger color intensity; Olive oil obtained from this kind of process (extruded, post-pressured, and re-pressed) is usually characterized by stronger color intensity, weaker aroma, and a higher content of free fatty acids

A 13 month old child has a diet consisting of milk, fruit, and vegetables. What recommendation should you make first? A. Suggest getting a hemoglobin value on the child B.Take the child off milk C. Include meat in diet D. Teach the mother the value of a varied diet

A. Suggest getting a hemoglobin value on the child; Check their iron levels to see if it is an issue.

What are the three basic skills needed to be a successful manager? A. Technical, human, conceptual B. Human, informational, conceptual C. Technical, conceptual, informational D. Human, technical, informational E. Informational, process-oriented, outcome-oriented

A. Technical, human, conceptual

A person on Lasix therapy may want to include increased amounts of which foods: A. Spinach, green peppers, tomato B. Cantaloupe, dried prunes, bananas C. Beef liver, oysters, spinach D. Beef liver, oysters, spinach E. Sardines (bones), milk, and cheddar F. Radishes, cabbage, celery, cheese

B. Cantaloupe, dried prunes, bananas; Lasix therapy is a diuretic therapy to promote fluid excretion but also causes an excessive excretion of potassium. Cantaloupe, dried prunes and bananas are all high in potassium and help to prevent deficiency.

A hospital dietitian attempting to implement the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative to enhance successful breastfeeding should first: A. send a cover letter and summary of the initiative to all hospital staff B. form a inter-professional task force to develop an implementation plan C. offer an inservice training session about the benefits of breastfeeding to nurses D. investigate the feasibility of rooming in for mothers and infants

B. form a inter-professional task force to develop an implementation plan

Chromium is most commonly associated with: A. collagen and wound healing B. insulin and glucose homesostasis C. brain & nervous system development D. its abilities as an antioxidant

B. insulin and glucose homesostasis

What benchmark is commonly used to measure if weight loss is successful? A. 3 months B. 6 months C. 1 year D. 2 years

C. 1 year; In determining if weight loss has been successful, 1 year of maintenance is commonly used as the benchmark. Raynor HA, Champagne CM. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Interventions for the Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016;116(1):129-147.

A dietitian plans to prepare a bulletin for breast-feeding mothers. She asks a group of breast-feeding women for input. This is called. A. market niche B. target market C. focus group D. research

C. focus group; A focus group is a qualitative marketing method consisting of 10 to 20 people brought together for a one-time meeting of about 2 hours to discuss some predetermined aspect of a particular establishment.

The number of new cases of a disease during a specified period is known as: A. epidemiology B. prevalence C. incidence D. annual crude

C. incidence; Incidence refers to the occurrence of NEW cases of a disease or mortality within a defined period of time. Epidemiology is the study of the distribution of health and disease. Prevalence is the estimated probability of individuals developing a disease. Annual crude is the rate of events taking place within one year.

Nonenzymatic browning that occurs when a protein & sugar are heated or stored together for some time. A. caramelization B. degradation C. maillard reaction D. crystallization

C. maillard reaction; The maillard rxn is a chemical rxn between sugar and amino acids causing browning of foods. Enzymatic browning is the browning of fruits in oxygen.

A study reported a 10% morbidity rate in infants in the country and a 12% morbidity rate for infants in the city. This means that: A. 10% of infants died in the country B. more infants died in the city than in the country C. more disease in infants in the city than in the country D. more disease in infants in the country than in the city

C. more disease in infants in the city than in the country

When developing educational plans, when do you plan the evaluation criteria? A. when all else is completed B. do it before you plan anything else C. plan evaluation criteria at each step in the process D. plan it just before you offer the program

C. plan evaluation criteria at each step in the process

What is ozone used for in food processing? A. Freezing food. B. Modifying atmospheric packaging. C. Blanching vegetables. D. Disinfecting and sanitizing.

D. Disinfecting and sanitizing; Ozone is a safe, powerful disinfectant used by the food industry because of its ability to disinfect microorganisms without adding chemical by-products to the food being treated, to the food processing water, or to the atmosphere in which food is stored. (Brown AC. Understanding Food: Principles and Preparation. 5th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage; 2014.)

Which program helps to improve the health and diagnostic status of low-income children by providing healthcare services? A. Medicare B. Team Nutrition C. WIC D. EPSDT

D. EPSDT; Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment (EPSDT) is the child healthcare component of Medicaid. Team Nutrition is a UDSA food program that supports children by providing nutrition education. Medicare is government run healthcare for the elderly. WIC is the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children that provides federal grants to states for supplemental foods, healthcare referrals, and nutrition education to low-income pregnant, breastfeeding, non-breastfeeding postpartum, and infants and children below the age of 5.

A male patient is admitted to the ICU with following the signs and symptoms: PAB=9.0 mg/dl, BMI=18.0, past medical history indicates extensive bowel resection 6 months previously as result of a cancer diagnosis. The most appropriate nutrition diagnosis would be: A. Limited access to food B. Disordered eating pattern C. Altered nutrition-related laboratory values D. Evident protein-energy malnutrition

D. Evident protein-energy malnutrition; PAB stands for Pre-albumin and is normally 15-36mg/dL for adults and 20-40mg/dL for children. A PAB level of 9.0 is a clear indicator of protein-energy malnutrition and his BMI of 18 puts him in the underweight category.

Which of the following is decreased in alcohol metabolism? A. Uptake of fatty acids B. Fatty acid synthesis C. Triglyceride formation D. Fatty acid breakdown

D. Fatty acid breakdown; The shift in the NADH/NAD+ ratio inhibits beta-oxidation of fatty acids and promotes triglyceride synthesis. Alcohol metabolism causes lipids to accumulate in the liver. This accumulation occurs due to several reasons including increased uptake of fatty acids from the blood, increased fatty acid synthesis, increase triglyceride formation, and decreased fatty acid breakdown (beta-oxidation). McGuire M, Beerman KA. Nutritional Sciences: From Fundamentals to Food. 3rd ed. Boston, MA: Cengage; 2012.

A patient needs a 2000-calorie, 2-gram sodium diet. Which of the following tube feeding formulas is best? Calories/ccg Na/liter Formula 1- 1:2 Formula 2- 1:0.52 Formula 3- 2:1 Formula 4- 1:1 A. Formula 1 B. Formula 2 C. Formula 3 D. Formula 4

D. Formula 4; 2g*1000mg/g= 2000mg, 2000kcals/2000mg= 1:1 ratio

This process uses sublimation to prepare high-quality preserved foods. A. Pulsed light processing B. Ozonation C. Modified atmospheric packaging D. Freeze-drying

D. Freeze-drying; Freeze-drying involves freezing the food and then reducing the surrounding pressure to allow the frozen water in the food to sublimate directly from the solid phase to the gas phase. Brown AC. Understanding Food: Principles and Preparation. 5th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage; 2014.

Which of the following is an etiology of overweight? A. Body mass index of 25-29.9 B. Increased diabetes risk C. Being in precontemplative stage of change D. Genetic predisposition

D. Genetic predisposition; Etiology is the cause of a condition or disease. Genetic factors are among the causes of overweight and obesity. Body mass index of 25-29.9 and increased risk of diabetes may result from overweight. Stages of change relate to nutrition therapy. (Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Nutrition diagnosis. Accessed July 20, 2020. Available at: Website)

What is the name of the substance that denatures protein in the stomach during digestion? A. Chymotrypsin B. Elastase C. Pepsin D. Hydrochloric acid

D. Hydrochloric acid; Pepsin is a digestive enzyme found in gastric juice that catalyzes the breakdown of protein to peptides. However, hydrochloric acid is the substance that denatures the protein and is critical for creating the environment for pepsin activity in digestion. Chymotrypsin is a pancreatic digestive enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of certain proteins in the small intestine into polypeptides and amino acids. Elastase is an enzyme found especially in pancreatic juice that catalyzes the hydrolysis of elastin. (Heda R, Tombazzi CR. Physiology, Pepsin. Last updated October 2018. Available at: Website. Whitney EN, Rolfes S. Understanding Nutrition. 13th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage; 2012.)

The NHANES study looks at which parameters? I. Dietary II. Clinical III. Biochemical A. I B. I, II C. I, III D. I, II, III

D. I, II, III; The national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) is a program of studies designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the US. The survey collects information from interviews and physical examinations and is run by the CDC. Therefore it collects dietary, clinical and biochemical information from participants.

In a(n).................., employees must join the union after being hired whereas in a(n).........employees must be a member of the union before being hired. A. Open shop, closed shop B. Closed shop, open shop C. Open shop, union shop D. Agency shop, union shop E. Union shop, closed shop

E. Union shop, closed shop; Open shop: can join union or not; closed shop: must be member of union first before hiring union shop: must join union after being hired; agency shop: all workers must pay agency fee, but not required to join the union *closed and union shops illegal in public employment*

Which of the following methods is most effective for marketing a nutrition program to an inner-city, Hispanic population? A. Spanish-language brochures written at high school reading level B. public service announcements on TV C. radio messages D. Spanish food demonstrations at local grocery stores

D. Spanish food demonstrations at local grocery stores; Food demonstrations with real free food offered is the best way to collect a crowd who is more likely to discuss and learn than read a brochure.

Which type of employee benefits are required by law and ensure income to individuals in the event of unemployment, injury or death? A. Supplementary B. Compensatory C. Beneficiary D. Statutory E. Unemployment

D. Statutory; Supplementary: life and health insurance; Compensatory: benefits or pay for time not worked Beneficiary: these don't exist; Statutory: as defined in question; Unemployment-not a type of employee benefit, but unemployment compensation is a type of insurance against loss income for the unemployed

Sally noticed after baking an apple pie that the crust was shiny and crumbly. What ingredient was probably not measured properly? A. Egg B. Salt C. Fat D. Sugar F. Baking powder

D. Sugar; It is determined that there is too much sugar in sally's pie crust because it has dried out the crust making it too crumbly and shiny due to a larger milliard rxn. Egg in cake weakens gluten structure resulting in more tender products. Salt in cake adds flavor, balances the taste, slows yeast fermentation making less sticky dough, more gluten stretch and a lighter product. Fat improves volume and texture-like moistness and tenderness. Baking powder is a leavening agent that adds volume to the cake, in excessive amounts it makes the cake taste soapy. (Food Science PP Ch14)

Which would be the most appropriate meal for a Muslim? A. hamburger, French fries, coffee, and jello cubes B. fish sandwich, potato puffs, and beer C. spare ribs, baked potato, green beans, and coffee D. T-bone steak, baked potato, corn, dinner roll, and coffee

D. T-bone steak, baked potato, corn, dinner roll, and coffee; Muslim dietary practices include the prohibition of pork, regulation of all meats to be halal, the prohibition of alcohol, coffee is avoided by most devote. (Krause & Mahan, 2020, p.181t)

WIC provides food assistance to any pregnant or lactating mother or child under age 5, if: A. the mother or child has inadequate dietary standards (as assessed) B. there is high parity and young age C. the infant has a congenital defect D. WIC is not an entitlement program, and therefore can serve only as many people as its annual appropriation from Congress permits

D. WIC is not an entitlement program, and therefore can serve only as many people as its annual appropriation from Congress permits; The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides federal grants to states for supplemental foods, health care referrals, and nutrition education for low-income pregnant, breastfeeding, and non-breastfeeding postpartum women, and to infants and children up to age five who are found to be at nutritional risk. They obtain their money from the federal government and can only provide assistance to the amount of people they can afford.

Synergistics is: A. two people working together B. two people working in separate areas C. a person working alone D. a group of people working together to solve a problem

D. a group of people working together to solve a problem

n terms of illness and disease burden, the four most costly foodborne bacteria pathogens are salmonella, e. coli, listeria, and A. staphylococcus aureus. B. clostridium perfringens. C. clostridium botulinum. D. campylobacter jejuni.

D. campylobacter jejuni; Campylobacter jejuni is among the four most costly foodborne pathogens in terms of illness and disease burden. Campylobacter species are resistant to antibiotics and have been associated with a longer illness duration of illness, an increased risk of invasive disease and death, and increased health care costs. It was estimated in 2012 that the annual costs of campylobacteriosis in the United States total $1.7 billion. Clostridium perfringens and staphylococcus aureus are acquired via human contact, and botulism forms in and is contracted from improperly processed foods. (Gregorie)

The mineral element that is part of vitamin B12 is: A. copper B. chloride C. zinc D. cobalt

D. cobalt; Cobalt is the mineral that is a part of B12 and used to create red blood cells.

A child is found to be below the 5th percentile weight for height. What can be said about the child? A. the child is tall for his age B. the child has a disease that inhibits growth C. it is an indication of long term malnutrition D. it is an indication of recent undernutrition

D. it is an indication of recent undernutrition; Weight loss is one of the first since of undernutrition. If the child was below the 5th for height or age or height for weight it would be long term malnutrition.

Parathyroid hormone and calcitriol work together to increase blood calcium concentrations. These substances exert their effects on the following organs: A. lungs, liver, kidney B. kidney ,lungs, small intestine C. bones, liver, large intestine D. kidney, bones, small intestine

D. kidney, bones, small intestine

If the RDN sent out an additional survey as a part of a marketing technique, what would this be called? A. focus group B. Marketing strategy C. marketing mix D. marketing research

D. marketing research; Marketing research is the systematic gathering, recoding, and analyzing of data about problems relating to the marketing of goods and services. A survey is a good example of marketing research. Focus groups are groups of 5-15 individuals that gather detailed information from those external to the organization but it can be time consuming. Marketing strategy is creating and maintain an appropriate combination of product, price, place and promotion that will satisfy target market. Finally, marketing mix is the appropriate combination of product, price, place and promotion that will satisfy target market. (Gregoire)

Employees in the dietetics department are consistently late returning from break periods. The dietitian should first: A. have all employees clock in and out for breaks. B. analyze activities to identity the best break times. C. discipline tardy employees the next time they are late returning from break. D. meet with all employees as a group and solicit recommendations for improvement.

D. meet with all employees as a group and solicit recommendations for improvement.; Communication is key, it is always important to discuss an issue.

A non-directed interview provides: A. the same information on all applicants B. a structured set of questions C. the least amount of information D. more information than a directed interview

D. more information than a directed interview; 1) structured (directed): use checklist or preplanned strategy; gives same information on all; minimizes personal biases (2) unstructured (non-directed): no definite checklist; more participation from applicant; "Tell me about your last job"; sales, counseling, management

Quality control is: A. outcome or output oriented B. a measure of the quality C. patient care oriented D. proactive - focuses on the prevention of errors in food service

D. proactive - focuses on the prevention of errors in food service; Quality control is proactive and involves planning and controlling ingredients, production methods, food quality, labor productivity and energy consumption and focuses on prevention of errors. (don't read too fast!)

With tocopherol, this mineral functions as an antioxidant to protect cell and organelle membranes. A. cobalt B. chromium C. copper D. selenium

D. selenium; Tocopherol aka Vitamin E is spared while selenium acts as an antioxidant break down peroxides such as H2 O2 to water which reduces oxidative damage to lipid membranes. Cobalt is a part of B12 used for making red blood cells. Chromium assists in fat and glucose breakdown as well as cholesterol synthesis. Copper is involved in biochemical pathways used for signaling.

Cultural _____ is the ability to obtain an accurate and culturally relevant patient/client history and conduct an assessment. A. knowledge B. awareness C. desire D. skill

D. skill; According to the Campinha-Bacote model, cultural skill is the the ability for health care providers to obtain an accurate and culturally relevant history and conduct a physical assessment.

The most desirable material used for most work tables is: A. wood B. laminated plastic C. galvanized steel D. stainless steel

D. stainless steel; Stainless steel is the most common material used in foodservice because it is a metal alloy that is impervious to most chemicals and stains, and is extremely strong and durable. (Gregorie)

A useful application of counting FTE's is in planning: A. the menu B. the type of service C. the kitchen layout D. the budget for wages

D. the budget for wages; Counting FTE's will allow the management to determine wage needs for staffing purposes.

Which of the following formulas is used to determine a meal equivalent in a commercial operation? A. average of a prototype meal B. average dollars spent per patron over a one week period C. total sales divided by budgeted cost per meal D. total revenues for a specific period divided by the cost of a prototype meal

D. total revenues for a specific period divided by the cost of a prototype meal

Decreased taste acuity, or hypogeusia, and poor wound healing arise from which mineral deficiency? A. selenium B. magnesium C. copper D. zinc

D. zinc, Low levels of zinc cause loss of taste, hallucinations, depression, brain defects in the fetus if pregnant, and disrupts the growth hormone IGF-1. This can be remembered because zinc decreases with Covid-19 which is why pt loses their sense of taste and it is supplemented. Copper deficiency causes anemia, skeletal defects, cardiac enlargement, altered pigmentation, reproduction failure, aortic elasticity, and low wight blood cell count or neutropenia. Selenium deficiency is known as Keshan disease which causes cardiomyopathy or Kashin-Besk's Disease which causes osteoarthropathy. Magnesium deficiency causes hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, seizures, nausea vomiting, and anorexia.

What does DiSC stand for?

Dominance, Influence, Steadiness, Conscientiousness

A foodservice director is in need of 29, number 10 cans of stewed tomatoes. How many cases should he purchase? A. 12 B. 4.5 C. 6 D. 10 E. 5

E. 5; 29/6 (cans/case)= 4.8 rounded to 5; There are 6 #10 cans per case.

The best food combination to obtain folate is: A. fruit and lima beans B. lean beef and potatoes C. chicken and milk D. fish and eggs E. kidney beans and fresh green leafy vegetables

E. kidney beans and fresh green leafy vegetables; Nothing helps with folate absorption and our body does seem to have a hard time with it. Therefore kidney beans and fresh green leafy veggies are the best options because they are both high in folate. Folate is found in fruits, veggies, beans, and some grains.

The two hormones involved in lactation are: A. epinephrine and insulin B. estrogen and epinephrine C. prolactin and progesterone D. oxytocin and estrogen E. prolactin and oxytocin

E. prolactin and oxytocin; Prolactin is responsible for the milk production while oxytocin causes the mammary glands to eject milk into the ducts also known as the let-down reflex. Relaxing and eating well can promote the creation of more oxytocin and aid in the let-down reflex process. (Rolfes, Pinna & Whitney, 2018, p. 464).

The vitamin essential for conversion of tryptophan to niacin is: A. B6 B. vitamin A C. vitamin D D. vitamin K E. riboflavin

E. riboflavin

Cruciferous vegetables are rich in .........., a phytochemical known to detoxify a variety of carcinogens. A. Terpenes B. Carotenoids C. Phenols D. Flavinoids F. Thiols

F. Thiols; Cruciferous veggies include veggies such as broccoli and cauliflower. Phytochemicals are chemical compounds produced by plants that help them resist infections. Carotenoids and flavonoids are not phytochemicals but other vegetable groups. Thiols are the only phytochemical known to detoxify a variety of carcinogens

According to the exchange list, how many carbs, proteins, fats, and calories are in one milk choice?

Fat-free= 12CHO, 8g PRO, 0-3 fat, 100kcals Reduced- fat= 12CHO, 8g PRO, 5g fat, 120kcals Whole= 12CHO, 8g PRO, 8g fat, 160kcals

What is the two-factor theory of management? Who invented it?

Invented by Herzberg the Two-factor theory is the idea that work motivation comes from focusing on outcomes of performance that satisfy needs. There are outcomes related to job satisfaction, motivators and those related to job dissatisfaction, maintenance or hygiene factors but both are needed to motivate.

Who invented Theory X and Theory Y? What does it state?

Invented by McGregor, Theory X is that people do not like their jobs and must be motivated through fear, while Theory Y is that people do like their jobs and should be motivated through leadership opportunities and personal satisfaction

What is scientific management? Who invented it?

Invented by Taylor the theory of scientific management is a theory from the early 1900s that aimed to improve worker efficiency by using performance standards and time studies on employees

What is macrocytic anemia?

MCV is high, RBCs larger than normal

What is the atomic weight and valence of Magnesium?

Magnesium- 24, 2

What are the adult male and female normal levels of hemoglobin?

Male: 13.2-16.6 g/dL, Female: 11.6-15 g/dL

What are the normal Hbg levels for men and women?

Male: 13.2-16.6 g/dL, Female: 11.6-15 g/dL

What are the adult male and female normal levels of hematocrit?

Male: 38.3-48.6%, Female: 35.5-44.9%

The theory of being well-treated by supervisors, being given special attention, and the importance of breaks in increasing productivity are all considered motivators is by ___________.

Mayo

What are normal adult serum albumin levels?

Normal serum albumin is 3.5-5.0g/dL

What is the atomic weight and valence of Phosphorus?

Phosphorus- 31, 2

What is the atomic weight and valence of Potassium?

Potassium- 39, 1

What are the normal prealbumin (PAB) levels for adults and children?

Pre-albumin and is normally 15-36mg/dL for adults and 20-40mg/dL for children.

What lab test is used to evaluate hypo-or hyperthyroidism?

T3 and T4; T3 is Triiodotyrosine and T4 is Thyroxine and they are the two main hormones produced by a stimulated thyroid gland. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) activates T3 and T4 and should be at 0.2-5.5mIU/L in the body. Typical reference ranges for free T4 are 9.8-25pmol/L. (Krause, P.641-644)

________________ can be made into neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine; pigment melanin; or into hormone thyroxin-regulates metabolic rate

Tyrosine

How many quarts of batter are needed to make 144 muffins using a #12 scoop? Select one: a. 12 b. 16 c. 22 d. 6

a. 12; 32oz=1 quart: 32 fl oz/ #12 scoop= 2.66oz per scoop, 144*2.66oz=383oz/32oz= 12 quarts

Goals for a community nutrition program should be based on: Select one: a. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans b. The Nutrition Screening Initiative c. The healthy People report d. The NHANES III report

a. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans; The main role of the DGA is to help the public better understand eating patterns that may help to reduce the risk of disease. The nutrition community has long sought to offer science-based advice on food and provide practical support for its uptake. The other options are not correct because: the Nutrition Screening Initiative is a national effect to identify and treat nutritional problems in the elderly; the healthy people report is a collaborative promotion and disease prevention effort that focuses on the future; and the NHANES III report is a survey to research and tract population health over time.

When preparing a budget, which management function is involved? Select one: a. controlling b. organizing c. evaluating d. projecting

a. controlling; "A budget is a plan for operating a business expressed in financials terms or a plan to CONTROL expenses and profit in relation to sales" (Gregorie, 2017, p.413)

Which system is not labor efficient? Select one: a. conventional b. vending c. cafeteria d. assembly serve

a. conventional, Although the conventional system is the most widely used it is labor intensive because food is purchased in various stages of processing and requires skilled labor and causes uneven work distribution. Despite this the menu is highly flexible, food is served rapidly after production, and traditional standard recipes are used.

The primary reason for portion control in food service is: Select one: a. cost control b. to standardize serving sizes c. customer satisfaction d. weight reduction diets

a. cost control; paying attention to food portions helps to reduce costs within restaurants by controlling waist and ensuring the right amount of money is charged for the product

A patient with nephrosis, will likely exhibit: Select one: a. hypercholsterolemia, albuminemia, edema b. hypertension, hypocholesterolemia c. hypotension, azotemia d. malnutrition, hyperalbuminemia

a. hypercholsterolemia, albuminemia, edema; Nephrons are the functioning filtration cells in the kidneys and nephrosis is a basic name for kidney disease. A patient with kidney disease would display edema due to poor filtration, hypercholsterolemia= high cholesterol, and albuminemia= low albumin

How many grams does a low birth weight infant weigh? Select one: a. less than 2500 b. between 500 and 1500 c. between 3000 and 4000 d. between 100 and 500

a. less than 2500, A birthweight less than 2,500 grams (5 pounds, 8 ounces) is diagnosed as low birthweight. Babies weighing less than 1,500 grams (3 pounds, 5 ounces) at birth are considered very low birthweight.

Which is most likely to be a cause of salmonella? Select one: a. fresh fruit salad b. canned fruit salad c. Caesar Salad d. avocado salad

c. Caesar Salad; Caesar salad is the most likely to cause salmonella because the dressing contains eggs and there is usually chicken added.

The number of work movements between pieces of equipment is indicated on: Select one: a. a flow diagram b. a Gantt Chart c. a cross chart d. Johari's window

c. a cross chart; a cross chart is used for kitchen design and layout, measuring the number of movements or steps between equipment

Which is not a fiber in the diet? Select one: a. cellulose b. hemicellulose c. amylose d. pectin

c. amylose; Amylose is starch and not a fiber, while cellulose is insoluble fiber, hemicellulose is an insoluble fiber, and pectin is a soluble fiber (Raymond & Morrow, 2021, p.1090t)

Which pigement does not change color in an acid or an alkaline solution? Select one: a. anthocyanin b. chlorophyll c. carotene d. flavone

c. carotene; Flavonoids and anthocyanin are the same and both are bleached by alkaline solutions while nothing happens in acid solutions. Chlorophyll turns olive-brown in acid solutions and remains green in alkaline solutions. While carotene (orange) is not effected by either. (Food Science PPT ch12)

After you review the patient's medical record, the first step in counseling is: Select one: a. assess the patient's nutritional status b. collect all relevant data c. establish a climate of trust d. establish an overall evaluation plan for the patient

c. establish a climate of trust

All of the following are operational costs except: Select one: a. utilities b. cleaning c. labor costs d. laundry service

c. labor costs; Utilities, cleaning, and laundry service are all operational costs of running a facility while labor costs refers to employee budgetary costs.

According to the exchange list, how many carbs, proteins, fats, and calories are in one meat and meat substitutes exchange?

lean meat= 0g CHO, 7g PRO, 0-3g fat, 45kcals medium-fat meat= 0g CHO, 7g PRO, 4-7g fat, 75kcals high-fat meat= 0g CHO, 7g PRO, 8+ fat, 100kcals

What is hypochromic?

low hemoglobin content causing a decrease in color due to lack of folate and B12

How are mg converted to mEq?

mg/atomic wt * valence (number of electron circles)

What are Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Who invented it?

physiological, security, social, esteem, self-actualization; invented by Maslow, the hierarchy of needs is a theory of employee motivating factors that they wish to obtain and continue to attempt to climb up to self-actualization.

How is intake nitrogen calculated?

protein intake *6.25 or grams of nitrogen *16%

What are the four most costly foodborne bacteria pathogens?

salmonella, e. coli, listeria, and campylobacter jejuni

What non-protein calorie to nitrogen ratio (NPC:N) is considered adequate for a stable patient? critically ill patient?

stable patient 150:1 to 200:1; Critically ill patient 100:1 or lower

What are the essential amino acids? (list them)

histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine

What are the adequate infant and newborn hemoglobin levels?

infant- 9.5 to 13 g/dL newborn- 14 to 24 g/dL

Serotonin, a neurotransmitter, is synthesized from which one of the following amino acids? 1. Lysine 2. Methionine 3. Tryptophan 4. Tyrosine

3. Tryptophan; "Serotonin is a neurotransmitter important in sleep regulation, appetite control, and sensory perception, among other roles. Serotonin is synthesized by the body from the amino acid tryptophan with the help of vitamin B6" (Rolfes, Pinna & Whitney, 2018, p. 183). Serotonin is the sleep hormone and turkey makes you sleeping therefore tryptophan! Fun fact- Tyrosine can be made into neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine; pigment melanin; or into hormone thyroxin-regulates metabolic rate.

The majority of protein digestion takes place in the: 1. oral cavity 2. stomach 3. duodenum 4. jejunum

3. duodenum; Protein digestion begins in the stomach when pepsin is activated from pepsinogen in the presence of hydrochloric acid. However, in the stomach the protein is hydrolyzed to form peptides (groups of amino acids) and amino acids. In the duodenum the majority of protein digestion takes place when the peptides are broken down into amino acids by trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, and elastase. (Krause and Mahan, 2021, p. 6t)

Like glucagon, this hormone elicits the release of glucose from liver cells. 1. insulin 2. aldosterone (hormone from adrenal glands, stimulates reabs of Na by kidneys) 3. epinephrine 4. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (hormone from pituitary gland, response to dehydration or high Na content in blood, stimulates kidneys to reabsorb more water, AKA vasopressin)

3. epinephrine; Epinephrine hormone is produced during a stress response and also promotes glucagon secretion from the pancreas increasing blood pressure, heart rate, and metabolic rate to promote breakdown. (Rolfes, Pinna & Whitney, 2018, p.664)

The monosaccharides are absorbed at which point along the GI tract? 1. oral cavity 2. stomach 3. jejunum 4. ileum

3. jejunum; The second portion of the small intestine the jejunum is the primary absorptive site because digestion is mostly complete and the microvilli increase the surface area for diffusion. (Krause and Mahan, 2021, p. 9)

The phospholipids include which one of the following? 1. Sterol 2. myelin 3. lecithin 4. phytosterols

3. lecithin, Lecithin is the best-known phospholipid, extremely similar to a triglyceride but only contains 2 fatty acid chains. Sterol is a hormone that is a lipid-containing compound but not strictly a phospholipid because it contains a 4-carbon ring structure with a variety of side chains, examples-bile acids, sex hormones, vitamin D, cholesterol, adrenal hormones-cortisol. Myelin is the electrically insulating material that forms a layer around the axon of a neuron. Phytosterols are plant sterols similar in shape to cholesterol and found in legumes. (Rolfes, Pinna & Whitney, 2018, p. 140)

What would the usual state of nitrogen balance be for a healthy adult male who weight 70 kg and consumes an average 90 g of protein per day? 1. positive nitrogen balance 2. negative nitrogen balance 3. nitrogen equilibrium 4. none of the above

3. nitrogen equilibrium; 90g pro/6.25= 14.4g nitrogen, the answer is nitrogen equilibrium because the question says usual state

Which oil is the richest source of monounsaturated fat? 1. safflower oil 2. canola oil 3. olive oil 4. corn oil

3. olive oil; Monounsaturated fat is a fatty acid that lacks two hydrogen atoms and instead has one double bonded carbon. Olive oil contains the most monounsaturated fat then canola oil and then peanut oil. Safflower oil contains the most polyunsaturated fat and corn oil contains the 3rd most polyunsaturated fat below sunflower oil. (Rolfes, Pinna & Whitney, 2018, p. 138) Olive oil has 9.85 g monounsaturated fat per tablespoon. Sunflower oil has 2.65 g monounsaturated fat per tablespoon. Coconut oil has 0.86 g monounsaturated fat per tablespoon. Corn oil has 3.75 g monounsaturated fat per tablespoon. Source: FoodData Central. Accessed January 31, 2020. Available at: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/index.html.

Which one of the following is not an insoluble fiber? 1. cellulose 2. hemicellulose 3. pectin 4. lignin

3. pectin; Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are all insoluble fibers while pectin is a soluble fiber (certain hemicelluloses can be soluble sometimes) (Krause and Mahan, 2021, p. 1090t)

The irreversible first step of the Kreb's (TCA) Cycle is: 1. glucose to pyruvate (glycolysis) 2. acetyl CoA to oxaloacetate (not possible? made from pyruvate primarily) 3. pyruvate to acetyl CoA 4. fatty acids to triglycerides (TG synthesis)

3. pyruvate to acetyl CoA; Pyruvate to acetyl CoA is an irreversible step because the large enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is needed to convert NAD to NADH and add on the CoA. The PDC has a negative feedback mechanism meaning that the presence of acetyl CoA and NADH stops the production of acetyl CoA and NADH, therefore there is no way to go backward from acetyl CoA to pyruvate. Fatty acids cannot synthesis glucose but can become ketones. (Microbiology textbook, p.512)

How many cups are in a quart?

4 cups

Which conversion requires glucose-6-phosphatase? 1. glucose to liver glycogen (glycogenesis) 2. glucose to pyruvic acid (glycolysis) 3. pyruvic acid to lactic acid (anaerobic) 4. liver glycogen to glucose (breakdown of glycogen)

4. liver glycogen to glucose (the breakdown of glycogen); Glucose-6-phosphatase is the enzyme required in the conversion of glycogen to glucose within the liver during an anaerobic state that will produce lactic acid. This process is called glycogenolysis. (Krause and Mahan, 2021, p. 442).

An amino acid solution providing essential amino acids should generally include the following: 1. methionine, taurine, tryptophan 2. leucine, glutamic acid, serine 3. tyrosine, aspartic acid, alanine 4. lysine, valine, threonine

4. lysine, valine, threonine; The 9 essential amino acids are: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Essential amino acids cannot be made within the human body and must be consumed.

The dietitian should recommend to which of the parents that their 10-month-old infant be placed on skim milk for weight control? Birth Wt. (Lbs) Present Wt. (Lbs) Hemoglobin g/dl Infant A 7.5 17.2 9 Infant B 8.1 31.0 8 Infant C 9.0 25.0 11 Infant D 7.7 28.5 10.5 1. A and C only 2. B and D only 3. A, B, C, and D 4. none of the parents

4. none of the parents; Adequate infant hemoglobin levels are 9.5 to 13 g/dL or 95 to 130 g/L. Adequate newborn hemoglobin levels are 14 to 24 g/dL or 140 to 240 g/L. It is normal for an infant to grow 5-7oz/week and double their brith wt by 5 months.

According to the exchange list, how many carbs, proteins, fats, and calories are in one nonstarchy vegetable choice?

5g CHO, 2g PRO, 0g fat, 25kcals

If the beginning inventory for the month of January was overstated, what does this mean about how the cost of goods sold (COGS) and net income were reported? A The COGS was reported as more than it actually was, and the net income was reported as less than it actually was. B The COGS was reported as less than it actually was, and the net income was reported as less than it actually was. C The COGS was reported more than it actually was, and the net income was reported as more than it actually was. D The COGS was correctly reported, and the net income for February will be reported as less than it actually is.

A The COGS was reported as more than it actually was, and the net income was reported as less than it actually was.; Beginning inventory serves as the basis for calculations of cost of goods purchased to meet production needs, the resulting cost of goods sold, and, consequently, the net income of the facility. Beginning with an overstated figure will appear as if the cost of goods sold was higher (adding the higher beginning inventory figure to the actual purchases made to meet production needs). This will also result in the appearance that it cost more to produce what was sold and therefore net income was lower. (Weygant, JJ, Kieso, DE, Kimmel, PD, DeFranco, AL. Hospitality Financial Accounting. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2009.)

A manager always defers to her workers to reach an agreement among themselves, then she adopts the majority decision. Her leadership style is A democratic. B autocratic. C consensus. D participative.

A democratic; Autocratic leaders take total control, make decisions, and assume full responsibility. Consensus leadership requires the entire group to come to an agreement. Participative leadership seeks input from others before making a management decision, whereas democratic leaders accept the decision made by the group majority. (Hudson NR. Management Practices in Dietetics. 3rd ed. San Diego, CA: Cognella Academic Publishing; 2013.)

Processed chopped lettuce costs $.69/lb. Whole-head lettuce costs $16.49/50lb. case. If the head lettuce can be processed in two hours at $5.25/hour for labor, what is the relative value of processed and head lettuce if the yield is 75%? A. $.69 processed; $0.72 head lettuce B. $.69 processed; $0.89 head lettuce C. $.72 processed; $0.69 head lettuce D. $.72processed; $0.89 head lettuce

A. $.69 processed; $0.72 head lettuce; The question stated that the processed lettuce cost $.69. The head lettuce is calculated by $16.49+ 2(5.25)= $26.99, 50*75%=37.5lbs yield, $26.99/37.5lbs= $0.72

How much insulin would be needed when ½ cup of juice is consumed by a person with diabetes according to carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio? A. 1 unit B. 3 units C. 5 units D. 2 units

A. 1 unit; The typically insulin ratio for adults is 1:15 (1 unit of insulin for every 15g of CHO) for children it is 1:10. 1/2 a cup of juice is one CHO exchange which means it contains 15g of CHO and requires 1 unit of insulin.

A number 16 scoop will provide which level measurement? A. 1/4 cup B. 1/2 cup C. 2/3 cup D. 3/4 cup

A. 1/4 cup; Scoop sizes are based on the number of scoops it takes to fill a 32 fl oz container. A number 16 scoop holds ¼ cup (2 fl oz). 32/16=2fl oz (8oz in a cup) 2/8=1/4th cup

How many calories are provided in 1.5 liters of D25W? A. 1275 B. 2275 C. 1500 D. 2000

A. 1275; 1.5L*1000=1500mL, 25g/100mL*1500mL= 375g *3.4kcal=1275kcals

The estimated sodium content of a diet is 4000 mg of sodium. This is equivalent of mEq of sodium: A. 174 mEq B. 103 mEq C. 156 mEq D. 97 mEq

A. 174 mEq; Sodium: Atomic wt=23, Valence=1, 4000mg/23AW *1V= 174 mEq

How many minutes are needed to sanitize dishes when washing by hand using chlorine? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

A. 1; Dishwashing: clean, sanitize 3 compartment sink: a.wash - 110-120'F, b. rinse warmwater; c. sanitize 170'F for at least 30 seconds, or use chemical solution for 1minute in lukewarm water (75' F); d. let pots and pans air-dry

The acceptable range for osmolality of serum is: A. 280 to 298 mOsm/kg B. 160 to 300 mOsm/kg C. <180 mOsm/kg D. 300 to 350 mOsm/kg

A. 280 to 298 mOsm/kg; Osmolality or tonicity is a measure of the osmotically active particles per kilogram of the solvent in which the particles are dispersed. The average sum of the concentration of all the cations and anions in serum is approximately 150 mEq/L each, yielding a total serum osmolality of approximately 300 mOsm/L. 300mOsm/L is the osmolality of human blood. Normal osmolality or tonicity is 280-300 mOsms and values above or below this range are termed hypotonic (typically a sign of water excess) or hypertonic (often a sign of water deficit). (Krause)

A patient received 300 ml of a 5 percent dextrose solution, how many calories does this provide? A. 51 B. 60 C. 15 D. 20

A. 51; 300mL*0.05=15g*3.4=51kcals

Blood glucose levels and hemoglobin A1C tests can indicate control of blood glucose in diabetes patients. Desirable blood glucose levels and hemoglobin A1C for diabetics are (respectively): A. 80-130 mg/dL, Hgb A1C< 7% B. <170 mg/dL, HgbA1C < 4% C. 150-200 mg/dL, HgbA1C<7% D. <80 mg/dL, HgbA1C>4%

A. 80-130 mg/dL, Hgb A1C< 7%; The recommended glycemic control for a diabetic is a blood glucose of 80-130mg/dL and a HgB A1C less than 7%. The recommended blood pressure for diabetics with hypertension is 140/90. (Krause, P.614)

According to the Food Code, a consumer advisory must be posted or available at a self-service unit where raw or partially cooked food is held for service and readily accessible. What is the exception to this requirement? A. Catered events B. Salad bars C. Sushi bars D. Self-selection display cases

A. Catered events; The food code requires that buffets, salad bars, sushi bars, and display cases post a consumer advisory when raw or partially cooked food is held for service and readily accessible to consumers before they select their foods. However, in a catered situation like a wedding reception, guests are responsible for making their own requests or selections. (US Public Health Service. FDA Food Code. 2017. Accessed May 7, 2020. Available at: Website)

Which of the following prevents discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin and political affiliation? A. Civil Rights Act B. Fair Labor Standards Act C. Equal Employment Opportunity Act D. Labor Management Relations Act E. National Labor Relations Act

A. Civil Rights Act; Wagner Act-(Nat. Labor Relations Act)-as defined in question; Taft Hartley Labor Act (Labor Management Relations Act)-balanced powers of labor and management; amended Wagner Act, outlawed closed shops, specified unfair labor practices of union; Landrum-Griffen Act (Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act)-bill of rights for union members; regulates internal union affairs Fair Labor Standards Act- Minimum Wage Law, sets min. wage; Civil Rights Act-prevents discrimination on basis of race, color, national origin

The nation's goals for community nutrition can be found in: A. Healthy People 2020 B. Dietary Guidelines for Americans C. Senior Citizens Nutrition Program (Title VII) D. HANES

A. Healthy People 2020; Healthy people 2020 are the nation's goals for community nutrition. The dietary guidelines for Americans are the recommended macro and micronutrient intakes for all age groups and disease states. The senior citizens nutrition program is a nutrition program for the elderly. HANES is the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey that is run by the CDC and is a program of studies designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the US.

Responsibility, recognition by management, and participation in decision-making are all considered true motivators by: A. Herzberg B. Taylor C. Maslow D. Likert

A. Herzberg; Herzberg's Two-Factor theory is the opposite to Maslow's hierarchy of needs. His idea is that there are things at work that related to satisfaction (motivators) such as rewards, recognition, input, responsibility and dissatisfaction (maintenance or hygiene) such as pay, super vision and job security. (Gregoire)

What does a round purple mark on meat denote? A. It has passed wholesomeness inspection B. It has been certified "free range" C. It has earned a "select" quality grade D. It is an exotic species

A. It has passed wholesomeness inspection; The round, purple federal inspection stamp on meat and poultry means that the food has been inspected for wholesomeness, which is mandatory. (Gregorie)

Carotenoids like lutein and zeaxanthin have been studied for their role in preventing or delaying cataracts and age-related macular degeneration. Which food is the best source for these carotenoids? A. Kale B. Almonds C. Apples D. Yogurt

A. Kale; Lutein and zeaxanthin are found in green leafy vegetables (eg, kale, spinach, broccoli, peas, and lettuce) and egg yolks.

Which menu item generates the highest profit? A. Lasagna- Units Sold= 1500, Selling Price= $3, Raw Food Cost= $1.35, Prime cost= $2 B. Vegetarian chili- Units Sold= 100, Selling price= $1.25, Raw Food Cost= $0.57, Prime cost= $1 C. Hamburger- Units Sold= 400, Selling Price= $2, Raw Food Cost= $0.90, Prime cost= $1.50 D. Enchilada- Units Sold= 100, Selling Price= $3, Raw Food Cost= $1.14, Prime cost= $1.75

A. Lasagna; A prime cost is the total direct costs of production, including raw materials and labor. To determine the profit on each item subtract the selling price by the prime cost, Lasagna $3-$2= $1 then multiply by the units sold * 1500= $1500. Vegetarian chili $1.25-$1= $0.25*100= $25, Hamburger $2-$1.50= $0.50*400= $200, Enchilada $3-$1.75= $1.25*100= $125. The lasagna has the highest profit. (Gregorie, P.418).

Labs: Hgb 10, Hct 30, MCV 104 A. Macrocytic, hypochromic B. Microcytic, hyperchromic C. Normocytic, microcytic, normochromic D. None of the choices

A. Macrocytic, hypochromic; Low Hbg- Male: 13.2-16.6 g/dL, Female: 11.6-15 g/dL, Low Hct-Male: 38.3-48.6%, Female: 35.5-44.9%, High MCV- M/F 80-100fl; Macrocytic anemia- large read blood cells, Hypochromic- red blood cells have less color/ less hemoglobin; due to lack of folate and B12

The evaluation tool that is used for effective planning and controls functions of management is called: A. PERT chart B MIS processing C HACCP D strategic planning

A. PERT chart; MIS processing and HACCP are not tools associated with functions of management. Strategic planning is a management process of determining long-term goals and the best approach to accomplish them. It is used to inform policies and operational decisions. The program evaluation review technique, or PERT, chart is the evaluation tool for controlling management functions. (Payne-Palacio J, Theis M. Foodservice Management Principles and Practice. 12th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 2012.)

Which of the following is true of strategic planning? A. Performance improvement is focused on identifying and resolving issues B. Performance improvement is focused on specifying goals and objectives and translating them into work programs C. It is less likely to identify how to achieve an idealized version of the organization compared with long-range planning D. It focuses solely on the internal environment of the organization.

A. Performance improvement is focused on identifying and resolving issues; Though long-range planning and strategic planning are sometimes used as synonyms, they bear some fundamental differences: Long-range planning focuses performance improvement on specifying goals and objectives and translating them into work programs whereas strategic planning focuses performance improvement on identifying and resolving issues Compared with long-range planning, strategic planning is more likely to result in an idealized vision for the organization as well as a strategy to achieve it More so than long-range planning, strategic planning focuses on both the internal and external environment of the organization. Gregoire MB. Foodservice Organizations: A Managerial and Systems Approach. 9th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 2016.

_____ should be up to date and reinforced with strong supervision. A. Personnel policies B. Employee evaluations C. Schedules D. Employee morale

A. Personnel policies; Personnel policies should reflect current realities of the workplace. Supervisors should employ these policies to ensure that employees are being treated fairly and expectations are consistent. [Think like a corporation not like an employee] (Keiser J, DeMicco FJ. Contemporary Management Theory: Controlling and Analyzing Costs in Foodservice Operations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 2000:225.)

What type of jewelry are workers in food preparation permitted to wear? A. Plain wedding band B. Medical alert bracelet C. Bracelets without snaps or clasps D. None

A. Plain wedding band; During food preparation, the only jewelry allowed on arms and hands is a plain ring, such as a wedding band. Bracelets, including medical information jewelry, and elaborate rings are prohibited. (US Department of Health and Human Services. FDA Food Code. 2017. Accessed April 23, 2020. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/media/110822/download)

Which additive is in baking powder and reacts with the sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide gas? A. Sodium aluminum sulfate B. Sodium alginate C. Sodium nitrite D. Sodium propionate

A. Sodium aluminum sulfate; Baking powder usually consists of sodium bicarbonate and another salt such as sodium aluminum sulfate. The sodium bicarbonate releases carbon dioxide at low temperatures.

Which of the following is the most useful for evaluating long term nutrition in a community assessment program? A. height for age B. weight for height C. weight for age D. length for weight

A. height for age

Which of the following is an example of conceptual decision-making style? A. The manager solicits suggestions from the team about meal options to eventually promote B. The manager evaluates past experiences to determine meal options that would be successfully promoted C. The manager reviews past sales data to identify which meal options are ideal for promotions D. The manager convenes a committee that will decide by consensus which meal options to promote

A. The manager solicits suggestions from the team about meal options to eventually promote; Four common decision-making styles are conceptual (leader seeks ideas from team members), directive (leader uses past experience to arrive at a decision without outside input), analytical (leader uses facts, data, and observation to make a decision), and behavioral (leader collaborates with others, whose feelings and opinions are given equal weight). Conceptual decision-making is effective in long-term projects.

Morbidity may be defined as: A. The number of individuals with a disease in a given area B. The number of individuals who have died in a given area C. The number of individuals who are overweight in a given area D. None of the above

A. The number of individuals with a disease in a given area; Morbidity refers to disease. Mortality refers to death.

What word best describes secretly taking something, planned and knowingly, without force, permission, or right? A. Theft B. Pilfering C. Robbery D. Embezzlement

A. Theft; Theft is premeditated without force, permission, or right. An example of pilfering is when an employee steals some lunch meat to take home. Robbery may involve force, and embezzling is most commonly taking money that belongs to the employer. (Gregoire)

Which government agency would you contact regarding food distribution? A. USDA B. FDA C. HHS D. SNAP

A. USDA; The USDA is responsible for marketing products in domestic and international markets by grading, inspecting, and certifying the quality of these products in assuring that meat and poultry is safe and wholesome, unadulterated, and properly labeled, and packaged for shipping. The USDA, FSIS inspects all egg products while the FDA inspects all egg substitutes. The FDA is a consumer protection agency that determines quality standards of food and cosmetics ensuring meat poultry and dish are pure and wholesome. FDA also regulates food irradiation, GMOs, and nutrition labeling. HHS is the department of Health and Human Services is a federal program that oversees the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and administers programs for protecting the health of all Americans, including Medicare, the Marketplace, Medicaid, and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). SNAP is the supplemental nutrition program that provides coupons to budget food for low-income families. (Gregorie)

The transition of heat when cooking with an induction burner can best be described as: A. Use of electrical magnetic fields to excite the molecules of the metal cooking surface B. Movement of the heat through direct contact from one object or substance to another C. Distribution of heat by the movement of liquid or vapor D. Generation of heat energy by wave action within an object

A. Use of electrical magnetic fields to excite the molecules of the metal cooking surface

Identify the independent variable in an investigation of the impact of differing levels of vitamin D intake on hemoglobin A1c values among postmenopausal women with diabetes. A. Vitamin D intake B. Postmenopausal women C. Diabetes status D. Hemoglobin A1c values

A. Vitamin D intake; The experimenter changes or controls the independent variable, which is assumed to have a direct effect on the dependent variable. Vitamin D is the independent variable in this study. Monsen ER. Research: Successful Approaches. 3rd ed. Chicago: ADA; 2008:11.

Who is more at risk for anemia: A. Woman, 26 years old, vegetarian, Hgb 11.4 B. Man, 26 years old, Crohn's Disease, underweight C. Man, 62 years old D. Man, 48 years old, cardiovascular disease

A. Woman, 26 years old, vegetarian, Hgb 11.4; Anemia is twice as prevalent in females compared to males. Vegetarians must carefully plan their diet to ensure they consume enough iron, B12, and folate to avoid anemia. Hbg 11.4g/dL is below the healthy amount of 11.6-15g/dL.

Ms. Lindstrom is a 22-year-old patient admitted to the hospital because of vomiting, abdominal pain, and tenderness. She is confused and exhibits labored breathing and air hunger. *normal PC02 = 35-45 mmHg *normal HCO3 = 24 - 29 *PC02 is compensating *pH: 7.2, PC02: 40, HC03: 5, Na: 131, K: 4.7, Cl: 9.5 Indicate your evaluation of her acid-base status: A. acidemia B. alkalemia C. normal D. cannot be determined

A. acidemia; Acidemia is a kind of metabolic acidosis in which there is a low blood pH resulting in labs showing low HCO3- and normal pCO2 levels.

The osmolality of an enteral feeding is determined by its content of: A. amino acids, glucose, electrolytes B. electrolytes and glucose only C. glucose, lipids, amino acids, and electrolytes D. amino acids, lipids, glucose E. electrolytes, amino acids, and lipids

A. amino acids, glucose, electrolytes

Which of the following study designs can best determine the effect of promotional techniques on cafeteria sales? A. experimental B. observational C. survey D. segmentation

A. experimental; Experimental studies are quantitative studies with an intervention, control group and randomization of participants into groups. This is the best study design for a promotional technique on cafeteria sales because it will collect numerical data on food sales. (Drummond & Murphy-Rayes, 2018, p.157)

Much of the energy needed for low intensity exercise is derived from: A. fatty acids B. glycogen C. glucose and glycerol D. amino acids

A. fatty acids; During low intensity exercise for a long period of time the fatty acid reserves are used.

Which item would appear in a capital budget? A. food service equipment B. food costs C. labor costs D. paper supplies

A. food service equipment; Capital budget - plant facilities, equipment, cost of improvements and repairs; (service, maintenance contracts), expansions, replacements; includes expenditures whose returns are expected to last beyond one year Operating budget - forecast of revenues, expenses, and profit for a specific period of time b. first step- forecast sales or revenue portion, then budget expenditures (labor, food, operating expenses) related to the projected level of revenue.

Before adding new items to the menu: A. give samples to a few patients and ask for their comments B. ask patients in writing if they would like the new items C. have your managers decide ones to offer D. ask for employee comments on new suggestions

A. give samples to a few patients and ask for their comments; Running a focus group is a great way to test out new menu items. Patient satisfaction is the highest priority.

Refeeding syndrome results in: A. hypokalemia hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia B. hypokalemia hyperphosphatemia, hypomagnesemia C. hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypermagnesemia D. none of the choices

A. hypokalemia hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia; Refeeding syndrome is a metabolic response that can happen when nutrients are reintroduced to a malnourished or previously well-noursihed patient with metabolic stress. The levels of serum electrolytes such as potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium crash because the body has shifted metabolism from glucose to fat for survival. When glucose is reintroduced there is a sudden increase in insulin which causes the electro light levels to fall. This can be EXTREMELY DANGEROUS because low levels of potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium can cause cardiac arrhythmia, seizures, delirium, neuropathy, and respiratory failure (aka Death). (Krause, P.35b)

A performance appraisal is best used for which objective? A. improve performance B. Provide constructive feedback C. Motivate employees D. Judge performance E. Establish personal goals

A. improve performance; The best use of an employee evaluation is to improve their performance by providing feedback *note: providing feedback leads to the objective...which is improved performance*

Growth acceleration during puberty is largely related to the synergetic effects of gonadal sex steroids, growth hormone, intracellular growth factor-1 and ______. A. insulin B. cortisol C. glucagon D. thyroxine

A. insulin

Recent reports of inappropriate food temperatures have been associated with delayed meal service on patient-care units. A solution to the problem would most likely be developed by a team that includes: A. nursing and foodservice representatives B. trayline and food production representatives C. customers and trayline representatives D. administrative staff and the foodservice director

A. nursing and foodservice representatives; Patient care units (PCU) are one step down from the ICU and usually include the cardiac floor and the head injury floor meaning that some hospitals will have the nurses pass the trays to these patients. Therefore the nursing staff and the foodservice reps must work together to determine the issue and find a solution.

What should most be encouraged in a Headstart program? A. nutrition activities relating to food B. participation for at least 1 year C. class isntructions D. snacks

A. nutrition activities relating to food; Headstart programs provide services to low-income families such as education, transportation, foster care system connection, and more. The most important part of a headstart program would be the health education which nutrition falls under.

Hospitals use formularies to: A. obtain volume purchasing discounts B. limit the use of certain products C. develop process charts D. organize departments in a concentric pattern

A. obtain volume purchasing discounts

FAD is the metabolically active coenzyme derivative of: A. riboflavin B. niacin C. folic acid D. thiamin

A. riboflavin; Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is the main coenzyme of B2. The main coenzyme of niacin is Nicotinamide adenine dinuleotide (NAD). The main coenzyme of folic acid is Derivatives of tetrahydrofolic acid; 5,10-methylidyne (THF). The main coenzyme of thiamin is Thiamin disphosphate (TDP).

A catered lunch is cancelled after the food has been prepared. What should you do? A. sell the meals in the cafeteria at a break-even price B. give meals to kitchen/cafeteria employees C. incorporate the items into the next meal service D. discard the items

A. sell the meals in the cafeteria at a break-even price; Selling the items at a break-even price would allow the foodservice establishment to break even so they do not lose money on the cancelled event. If they give the meals out, incorporate them into the next meal service or discard them, they will lose money.

Large volume purchasing, centralized production, service areas in separate facilities are features of: A. the commissary system B. the ready-prepared system C. the assemble serve system D. the conventional system

A. the commissary system; The commissary food system is a centralized procurement and production facility with the distribution of prepared menu items to several remote areas for final preparation and service. Ready prepared items are produced and held chilled or frozen until heated for serving. Assemble serve are food systems where menu items are purchased prepared and require minimal cooking before service. In the conventional system, foods are purchased in different stages of preparation for an individual operation and production, distribution, and service are completed on the same premises. (Gregorie)

The Nutrition Screening Initiative was created with the goal of improving nutrition and nutrition care for ________. A. the elderly B. infants C. school age children D. the homeless

A. the elderly; The Nutrition Screening Initiative is a national collaborative effort committed to the identification and treatment of nutritional problems in older persons.

After a bill is introduced in the House or Senate, the bill is sent: A. to a committee B. to the conference committee C. to the President D. to the floor for a vote

A. to a committee; After a bill is introduced it goes to the committee of the house or the senate for amendments. Once a bill has been passed by a conference committee, it goes directly to the floor of both houses for a vote and is not open to further amendment. The people who decide to amend, table, or pass the bill are called the conference committee. After the house and senate approve a bill it is passed to the president to veto or pass into law.

What is the atomic weight and valence of Sodium?

AW= 23 Valence=1

What is the atomic weight and valence of Chloride?

AW= 35 Valence=1

What is the atomic weight and valence of Calcium?

AW= 40 Valence= 2

What is the atomic weight and valence of Sulfate?

AW= 96 Valence=2

What is the atomic weight of Sulfur?

AW=32

The hospital budget for the first 6 months is set for an 80% occupancy rate. Budget figures for this level are listed below. The second six months will have an occupancy rate of 60%. What would the food cost budget be for the second six months? Food cost $30000 Labor cost $25000 Operating costs $24000 A. $20000 B. $22500 C. $30000 D. $32000

B. $22500, 60% [future occ]/80%[current occ] = 0.75 occ rate Fd cost = $30000 $30000 [fd cost] * 0.75 [occ rate] = $22500

A recipe requires 1¾ cup quick-cooking tapioca. Tapioca is purchased in twelve 8-oz boxes in a case and costs $41.88 per case. Three cups of quick-cooking tapioca weighs 1 lb. What is the recipe cost for tapioca? (show work) A. $2.33 B. $4.07 C. $5.24 D. $6.98

B. $4.07; One case of tapioca contains 12 8 oz boxes for a total of 6 lb (12 boxes x 0.5 lb = 6 lb). To calculate the price per pound, divide the total cost of the case $41.88 by 6 lb to get $6.98 per lb. Then the price per cup will be determined knowing that 3 cups of tapioca weighs 1 lb. To get the price per cup, divide $6.98 by 3 cups to get $2.33 per cup. Finally, to get the price for 1¾ cups, multiply $2.33 per cup by 1.75 to get $4.07.

Which of the following responses by a counselor indicates "reflection"? A. ''Yes, you can do that." B. ''You said, 'You want to lose weight?' " C. "Explain what you mean by that, please." D. "I can help you."

B. ''You said, 'You want to lose weight?'"

How many meals were served per labor minute if 34 FTE produced 3800 meals in one 40 hour week? A. 2.79 B. 0.05 C. 1.12 D. 0.25

B. 0.05; Total meals = 3800 Total labor minutes = 2400 minutes 3800/2400 =1.58 meals/minute / 34 FTE = 0.05

Using food-based menu planning, the required portion size for meat/meat alternate served in a reimbursable lunch to students in grades 9 through 12 must be A. 1 oz. B. 2 oz. C. 3 oz. D. 4 oz.

B. 2 oz.; Schools must offer 2 oz or equivalent of meat/meat alternate to students in grades 9 through 12. (Stretch T, Wilson K. NFSMI Meal Pattern Training Instructors Manual. National Food Service Management Institute, University of Mississippi; 2013.)

How much weight should a woman gain during the first 12 weeks of her pregnancy? A. 0 pounds B. 2-4 pounds C. 0-2 pounds D. 5-10 pounds

B. 2-4 pounds; Women within the following categories should gain this amount of weight throughout their entire (non twin) pregnancy. Underweight BMI <18.5= 28-40 lbs; Normal BMI 18.5-24.9= 25-35 lbs; Overweight BMI 25-29.9= 15-25 lbs; Obese BMI >30= 11-20 lbs. During the trimesters for a Normal wt woman the 1st she should gain 3.5lbs and just under 1lb per/week there after. During the trimesters for an underweight woman she should gain 5lbs within her first trimester and just over 1lb per week there after. During the trimesters for an overweight woman she should gain 2lbs within her first trimester and 2/3lb per week thereafter. (Rolfes, Whitney & Pinna, 2018, p.449)

The body mass index range for class I obesity is _______. A. 25-29.9 B. 30-34.9 C. 35-39.9 D. ≥40

B. 30-34.9; Overweight BMI is 25.0-29.9. Obesity (class 1) BMI is 30.0-34.9. Class 2 obesity is marked by a BMI of 35.0-39.9. Class 3 obesity, classified as extreme or severe obesity, is marked by a BMI of 40.0-49.9. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Defining Adult Overweight and Obesity. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/defining.html. Accessed December 26, 2016.)

What is the goal rate of a TPN solution of 5% amino acids and 15% dextrose that will provide approximately 225 g carbohydrate and 76 g protein? A. 52 ml/hr B. 63 ml/hr C. 83 ml/hr D. none of the above

B. 63 ml/hr; 225g + 76g= 301g, 15%+5%=20%, 301g/20%= 1505mL/24hr= 62.7mL/hr

A patient in residential care receives a parenteral formula of D40W of 500 ml in one day. The number of kilocalories delivered is A. 560 kcal B. 680 kcal C. 800 kcal D. 920 kcal

B. 680 kcal; The kilocalories delivered by dextrose in solution is 3.4 kcal/g—not the typical 4 kcal/g—so the correct answer is 680 kcal. In 1 L of D40W, there is 400 g dextrose, but the patient is only receiving 500 ml; thus, 200 g dextrose x 3.4 kcal/g = 680 kcal. 1000mL=1L, 500mL=0.5L * 400g= 200g *3.4kcal/g=680cal (McClave SA, Taylor B, Martindale RG, et al. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient. JPEN J Paren Enteral Nutr. 2016;40(2):159-211.)

Which of the following types of menus would be most appropriate for a new acute-care facility with an expected length of stay of 2 days? A. static B. 7 day cycle C. 14 day cycle D. 21day cycle

B. 7 day cycle; A static menu is a larger menu, typically divided into categories, that doesn't change very often.

Which of the following vitamins can be toxic in large amounts? A. K & E B. A & D C. E & D D. A & E

B. A & D; The UL for vitamin A is 3000ug and a toxicity causes orange palms and can be lethal. The UL for vitamin D is 100ug and a toxicity mimics a vitamin D deficiency causing brittle bones, increasing serum calcium, calcium in urine. There is no UL for vitamin K. There is a UL for vitamin E, 1000mg but there is no long lasting harm besides slight fatigue.

Delegation of responsibilities to an employee allows the manager to share responsibility for a task. What is the best example of delegation? A. Tell the employee what to do B. Allow the employee to change procedures to achieve the desired outcome C. Require the employee to provide daily progress reports D. Select an employee who is interested in management

B. Allow the employee to change procedures to achieve the desired outcome; Delegation means the process of assigning job activities and authority to a specific employee within the organization. (Gregorie, 2018, p.282)

Which of the following marketing channel distributors does not take title to goods being sold, yet receives a commission for negotiating between the buyer and seller? A. Wholesaler B. Broker C. Manufacturer's representative D. Special breed delegate

B. Broker; The broker is an independent sales representative who contracts to represent certain manufacturers, processors, or prime source producers to sell and market their products to foodservice operators and wholesalers. The broker does not take title to goods being sold (he or she doesn't keep an inventory) and is paid on commission. (Gregoire)

A patient's laboratory chart values show an increase in prothrombin time, normal hemoglobin, and normal hematocrit. What nutrient may be lacking in this patient? A. Folic acid B. Calcium C. Iron D. Potassium

B. Calcium; Prothrombin Time (PT) is used to evaluate the time it takes for blood clotting. Normal Hbg levels are 14-18 g/dl; 8.7-11.2 mmol/L (males)12-16 g/dl; 7.4-9.9 mmol/L (females). Normal Hct levels are 42%-52% (males) 35%-47% (females). An increased PT and normal Hbg and Hct would indicate calcium deficiency because calcium regulates blood pressure and causes vasoconstriction to control the rate of PT to avoid blood clot formation within the circulatory system. If there is little calcium, the veins and arteries are dilated (larger) allowing for a faster PT time. Folate deficiency would be characterized by an increase in MCV (N=80-100fL) and macrocytic RBC. An iron deficiency would be characterized by Low Hbg, Hct, and MCV. Potassium (K) deficiency would be characterized by decreased PT and decreased absorption of A, E, and D. (Krause, P.1000-1022)

Which of the following foodservice systems involves foods that are prepared and assembled on trays in one location and transported to other locations for service? A. Decentralized meal assembly B. Centralized meal assembly C. Ready-prepared meal production D. Tray service

B. Centralized meal assembly; In centralized meal assembly, food items are prepared and assembled on trays before being transported to other locations for service. In decentralized meal assembly, the menu items are produced in one location and then transported to other locations for assembly closer to the customers. In ready-prepared foodservice systems, food is produced onsite, held chilled or frozen, reheated, and served to customers on site. In tray service, food is prepared and then portioned, reheated, and served to customers on trays. (Gregorie)

Which of the following oils is an adequate source of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)? A. Corn oil B. Coconut oil C. Safflower oil D. Soybean oil

B. Coconut oil; MCT is a type of dietary fat shown to offer a range of health benefits. MCT is found naturally in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. (Boullata J, Carney LN, Guenter P. A.S.P.E.N. Enteral Nutrition Handbook. Silver Spring, MD: American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition; 2010:100.)

An RDN is planning a community nutrition program and has already completed the community needs assessment, defined program goals, and objectives, and developed a program plan. What is the next step in the process? A. Identify funding sources. B. Define the management system. C. Implement the program. D. Seek support from the stakeholders

B. Define the management system; Defining the management system comes next. Identifying funding systems, seeking support from stakeholders, and implementing the program come later.

In which step in the HACCP plan can hazards that can be prevented, eliminated, or reduced to safe levels be identified? A. Conduct a hazard analysis B. Determine critical control points C. Establish critical limits D. Identify corrective actions

B. Determine critical control points; Critical control points (CCP) are determined to prevent, eliminate, or reduce hazards to safe levels. Depending on the process, there may be more than one CCP. A CCP can be purchasing, receiving, storing, preparing, cooking, or serving and depends on the product.

What does the O in the FOCUS-PDCA performance improvement model represent? A. Identify a process to improve B. Develop a team C. Explain the current process D. Recognize sources of variation

B. Develop a team; In the FOCUS-PDCA model for performance improvement, O represents organizing a team. F = Find an improvement area O = Organize a team C = Clarify current practices U = Understand source of variation/problem S = Select a strategy PDCA = Plan Do Check Act SAMHSA HRSA Center for Integrated Health Solutions. FOCUS PCDA. September 2017.

A difference test in which two samples are judged against a control to determine which of the two samples is different from the control is called: A. Paired Comparison B. Duo-trio test C. Triangle test D. Rank Order test F. Descriptive test

B. Duo-trio test

Which of the following is not a program of the USDA? A. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) B. Elderly Nutrition Program C. National School Lunch Program D. The Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program

B. Elderly Nutrition Program; The elderly nutrition program was estabilished to the Older Americans Act (OAA) and provides grants to states to support congregate and home-delivered meals programs and a range of other nutrition-related services. SNAP is run by the USDA, the National school lunch program is assisted by the USDA, and the expanded food and nutrition education program (EFNEP) is the nation's first nutrition education program for low-income populations federally funded by the USDA.

What is the Food Code ruling for use of tobacco by foodservice employees? A. Employees are not permitted to use tobacco on premises B. Employees may use tobacco in designated areas C. Any use of tobacco is grounds for immediate dismissal D. Continued employment is contingent on eventual participation in a smoking cessation program

B. Employees may use tobacco in designated areas; According to the Food Code, employees are permitted to eat, drink, or use any form of tobacco only in designated areas where there will be no potential contamination of exposed food; clean equipment, utensils, and linens; unwrapped single-service and single-use articles; or other items needing protection.

HACCP principles must be considered in order. Which of the following is the fourth principle? A. Establish critical limits B. Establish monitoring procedures C. Establish procedures for record-keeping and documentation D. Verify that the system works

B. Establish monitoring procedures; Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan is a system that identifies, evaluates, and controls hazards that are significant for food safety. The steps in order are: (1) Conduct a hazard analysis. (2) Determine critical control points. (3) Establish critical limits. (4) Establish monitoring procedures. (5) Identify corrective actions. (6) Verify that the system works. (7) Establish procedures for record-keeping and documentation.

Guidelines or regulations that detail how a law will be implemented, and any penalties that may be imposed if the law is violated are published in: A. Congressional Journal B. Federal Register C. Congressional Report D. Code of Federal Regulations

B. Federal Register; The Office of the Federal Register (OFR) publishes acts of Congress, current Presidential proclamations and Executive Orders, Federal agency regulations having general applicability and legal effect, proposed agency rules, and documents required by statute in slip law (pamphlet) form and then cumulated and published for each session of Congress. (https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/federal-register-office) The congressional journal also called the congressional record is the daily summary of debates and proceedings of the US congress. The congressional reports are the documentation of proposed legislation and issues under investigation from the congressional committees which can include the house and the senate or just one or the other. The code of federal regulations is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government.

Which of the following foods is considered a whole grain and meets the NSLP standards for whole grain? A. Pearled barley B. Graham flour C. Hominy D. Semolina

B. Graham flour; Graham flour is considered a whole grain according to the National School Lunch Program criteria. All the other items listed have been milled so that either the germ or the germ and the bran have been removed.

You are the only dietitian in a community of about 90,000 low-income residents. There are many public health nurses serving the same population. What is a good use of your time? I.Train and give intensive in-service to the nurses on nutritional and dietary matters. II.Have the nurses refer all patients needing nutritional intervention to you. III.Have the public health nurses refer only those patients needing the technical skills of a dietitian. A. I, II B. I, III C. II D. III

B. I, III; Train and educate any nurse who would like to assist the population as to the role of a dietitian and how nutrition can improve their community. After training, nurses can assist by screening the public for nutritional issue and referring them to the dietitian.

Which statement best describes the "D" component of the PDSA performance improvement model? A. Determine how changes will be implemented B. Implement the intervention C. Determine the impact of the intervention D. Maintain and continue improvement

B. Implement the intervention; PDSA stands for Plan-Do-Study-Act. Determination of how changes will be made is part of the P component of PDSA and impact determination is considered a component of S.

The .................. presents the revenue, expenses and profits over the course of a budget period. A. Financial ratio B. Income statement C. Breakeven analysis D. Balance sheet E. Liability and asset ratio

B. Income statement; A financial ratio or accounting ratio is a relative magnitude of two selected numerical values taken from an enterprise's financial statements. Income statement stated in question. Breakeven analysis is a technique for assessing financial data to determine the point at which profit is not being made and losses are not being incurred. Balance sheet is a statement of assets, liabilities or debts and capital or owner's equity at a given time or at the end of the accounting period. Liability and asset ratios are the liability or company debts compared to the assets or company resources.

The ..........includes duties involved on the job, conditions of the job and qualifications needed for the job while the ........reflects the required skills and responsibilities needed for the job. A. Job description, job specification B. Job specification, job description C. Job description, job analysis D. Job analysis, job description E. Job specification, job analysis

B. Job specification, job description; Job specification is a list of abilities, skills, and other credentials needed to do the job. Job description is an explanation of the tasks, duties and responsibilities of a job, the working conditions, and the tools, materials, and equipment needed to perform it. AKA Job specifications=brain power, Job description=physical task Job analysis is the process of obtaining the information about a job by determining the duties and tasks or activities of those jobs. (Gregoire)

If a researcher creates a questionnaire so that extra emphasis is placed on certain questions, what type of errors likely will affect the findings? A. Sampling errors B. Measurement errors C. Non-response errors D. Errors of data distortion

B. Measurement errors; Measurement error will likely result. A questionnaire with emphasis on certain questions causes bias because the measuring device (questionnaire) was faulty and, therefore, less reliable. It would not result in a true measure of the situation. Monsen ER. Research: Successful Approaches. 3rd ed. Chicago: ADA; 2008:32.

What is the most appropriate nutrition intervention for a 10-year-old with ADHD who takes Adderall and has a BMI-for-age less than the 5th percentile? A. Provide snacks to eat during recess B. Offer a high-calorie bedtime snack C. Make a lunch consisting of favorite foods D. Have the teacher monitor the child's intake

B. Offer a high-calorie bedtime snack; The peak activity for ADHD medication is scheduled around school hours. A side effect of ADHD medication is decreased appetite, so it is recommended to provide the child with a larger bedtime snack when the side effects are low and the appetite is improved. (Brown J. Nutrition Throughout the Life Cycle. 6th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage; 2017.)

Identifying tasks and activities and dividing tasks into positions would fall under which function of management? A. Planning B. Organizing C. Directing D. Controlling E. Evaluating

B. Organizing; The functions of management are planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Evaluating is not a function of management. Organizing is the best choice because the tasks have already been decided in the planning phase and now the tasks must be organized into positions, and then staff will be appointed. (Gregorie, 2018, p.7)

When added to gelatin, fruit containing which of the following substances will prevent gel formation? A. Sucralose B. Papain C. Pectin D. Sorbitol

B. Papain; Papain is a proteolytic enzyme found in papaya. These enzymes will split the long gelatin molecules into shorter molecules, halting the gelatin's ability to form a gel. McWilliams M. Foods: Experimental Perspectives. 8th ed. New York City, NY: Pearson; 2016.

If an assistant cook (AC) is unable to get to work and a subordinate on the kitchen staff is willing to assist but is not confident that they can assume all of the AC's responsibilities, what leadership style should the foodservice manager use? A. Telling B. Participating C. Selling D. Delegating

B. Participating; The Hersey-Blanchard leadership effectiveness model identifies participating style as a low-task, high-relationship style that emphasizes shared ideas and decisions. Managers often use this leadership style with employees with low to moderate readiness to tackle assigned tasks. Gregoire

On admission to the hospital, four men received a nutritional screening 1. 5'10"; weighs 140 lbs; serum albumin 3.5; hematocrit 38% 2. 5'8"; weighs 155 lbs; serum albumin 4.0; hematocrit 45% 3. 6'0"; weighs 180 lbs; serum albumin 4.3; hematocrit 45% 4. 5'7"; weighs 170 lbs; serum albumin 3.3; hematocrit 40% Which two patients show a need for further nutritional assessment? A. Patients 1 and 2 B. Patients 1 and 4 C. patients 2 and 3 D. Patients 3 and 4

B. Patients 1 and 4; Normal serum albumin is 3.5-5.0g/dL and patient 4 is below average indicating possible protein-energy malnutrition and normal hematocrit levels for adult men are 41%-50% indicating possible vitamin D deficiency. Normal hematocrit for women is 36% to 48%.

Who is responsible for distribution of monies for Block Grants? A. Federal government B. State government C. Regional government D. Provincial government

B. State government; A block grant is a grant-in-aid of a specific amount from the federal government to individual states and then the states distribute to local government programs such as law enforcement, social services, public health, and community development. The federal government provides the money, but it is the state's responsibility to properly distribute the money.

MacGregor's Theory X states that ......, while Theory Y states that ...... A. Work is as natural as play, people inherently dislike work and will avoid it if possible B. People inherently dislike work and will avoid it if possible, work is as natural as play C. Maintenance factors satisfy workers, motivators satisfy workers D. Motivators satisfy workers, maintenance factors satisfy workers E. If people are involved in the process they are more productive, rewards serve as motivators only under certain circumstances

B. People inherently dislike work and will avoid it if possible, work is as natural as play; According to McGregor's Theory X states that "motivation is primarily through fear and the supervisor is required to maintain close watch of employees if organization goals are to be met" and Theory Y "emphasizes managerial leadership by permitting employees to experience personal satisfaction and to be self-directed". (Gregorie, 2018, p.306)

Which of the following statements best defines the USDA quality grading system? A. All meat and poultry must meet strict quality standards to be sold in the US marketplace. B. Quality grading of meat and poultry is a voluntary process. C. Quality grading and inspection for wholesomeness are both mandatory for meat to enter into the marketplace. D. Quality grading is a free service provided by the USDA.

B. Quality grading of meat and poultry is a voluntary process.; Inspection for wholesomeness is mandatory and is paid for with public funds. Grading for quality is voluntary, and the service is requested and paid for by meat and poultry producers processors (US Department of Agriculture.)

What type of leader is thought to be charismatic and well liked? A. Expert B. Referent C. Reward D. Coercive

B. Referent; Referent leaders are charismatic and well-liked. These individuals are influential, have strong interpersonal skills, and lead by example.

Systems thinking is the management approach for considering the entire organization when making decisions or allocating resources. Which is an example of systems thinking? A. Select a produce vendor who could deliver high-quality produce twice daily B. Reschedule kitchen staff to prepare more foods from scratch to meet customer expectations C. Develop a policy for using online job sites to attract applicants D. Select cleaning chemicals that do not harm the environment

B. Reschedule kitchen staff to prepare more foods from scratch to meet customer expectations; Rescheduling kitchen staff to prepare food to meet customer expectations changes the kitchen and staff/resource entirely. Making a change to the produce delivery does not change the kitchen and a policy for using online job sites would affect the human resources department. (Payne-Palacio J, Theis M. Foodservice Management: Principles and Practices. 12th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 2011: 49.)

What term signifies an obligation to perform an assigned activity? A. Authority B. Responsibility C. Accountability D. Capability

B. Responsibility; Responsibility is the obligation to perform an assigned activity or see that someone else performs it. Authority is delegated from the top level to lower levels of management. Accountability is the state of being responsible for one's self or to some organization. Capability is the mental or physical ability to perform a task. (Gregoire)

Which statement best describes the "A" component of the FADE performance improvement model? A. Choose a specific problem or process to improve B. Review data to better understand the current process C. Create a plan D. Implement and monitor the plan

B. Review data to better understand the current process; FADE stands for focus, analyze, develop, and execute. Analyze includes collection of data that is analyzed in order to establish baseline understanding of current processes. The process that will be improved is selected during the focus stage, action plans are developed during the development stage, and the plan is implemented during the execution stage. Joint Commission Resources.

Which of the following definitions states that authority and responsibility flow in a direct line vertically from the highest to lowest echelons? A. unity of command B. Scalar principle C. Criticisms D. Theory Z E. System's approach

B. Scalar principle; The Scalar principle states that "a clear and unbroken line of authority extends from the bottom to the top position in the organization". Unity of command is a principle that an employee reports to only one manager. Theory Z was created by William Ouchi expanding on McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y and it states basically that if people are productive at work they will have more job satisfaction and company loyalty. (Gregorie, 2018)

Vitamin B12 status is best obtained by which lab test? A. Wernicke's Test B. Schilling Test C. Whipple's Test D. Friedwald equation

B. Schilling Test; Historically the schilling test was used to detect defects in B12 absorption but is no longer used because it involves the consumption of radioactive B12. The labs now that can best tell you B12 function are serum B12 level, RBC, intrinsic factor antibodies (IFAB) and partial cell antibodies. These antibodies can suggest macrocytic anemia. Wernicke's test is used to test the levels of thiamin in the body. The Whipple's test checks for protein-calorie malnutrition due to pancreatitis and overall inadequate oral intake. The Friedwald equation calculated the amount of LDL-cholesterol in the body by finding total cholesterol and subtracting HDL and TG to get LDL-C.(Krause)

Increasing the amount of sugar in a recipe will have which of the following effects on gluten development and the mixing process? A. Speed gluten development and require more manipulation B. Slow gluten development and require more manipulation C. Speed gluten development and require less manipulation D. Slow gluten development and require less manipulation

B. Slow gluten development and require more manipulation; When sugar is added to a dough or batter mixture, the sugar will compete with the starch for the water in the dough or batter. Reducing the amount of available water will slow gluten development and will increase mixing (manipulation) times for the dough or batter. (McWilliams M. Foods: Experimental Perspectives. 8th ed. New York City, NY: Pearson; 2016.)

Of the following, which is the type of skill that must develop within and be nurtured in both the personal and professional life of a manager? A. Hard B. Soft C. Networking D. Communication

B. Soft; Hard skills can be taught. Soft skills must develop and be nurtured within personal and professional lives. Gould RA, Canter DD. Management matters. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008;108(11):1834-1836.

If the productivity goal for a patient tray assembly unit is 4 trays per minute,the unit should be able to assemble approximately 350 trays in: A. 1 hour B. 1 hour 15 minutes C. 1 hour30 minutes D. 1 hour 45 minutes

C. 1 hour 30 minutes; 4 trays/min, 4trays*60min/hr= 240 trays/hr (not A), 350-240= 110 trays left/4 trays/min= 27.5 min, = 1hr and 27.5 or 30 min

The .....outlawed the closed shop. A. Wagner Act B. Taft Hartley Labor Act C. Landrum-Griffin Act D. Fair Labor Standards Act E. Civil Rights Act

B. Taft Hartley Labor Act; Wagner Act-(Nat. Labor Relations Act)-as defined in question; Taft Hartley Labor Act (Labor Management Relations Act)-balanced powers of labor and management; amended Wagner Act, outlawed closed shops, specified unfair labor practices of union; Landrum-Griffen Act (Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act)-bill of rights for union members; regulates internal union affairs Fair Labor Standards Act- Minimum Wage Law, sets min. wage; Civil Rights Act-prevents discrimination on basis of race, color, national origin

If you worked overtime and did not get paid, which labor law would help your claim? A. The Equal Opportunity Act B. The Fair Labor Standards Act C. The Equal Pay Act D. The Civil Rights Act

B. The Fair Labor Standards Act; Fair Labor Standards Act 1938 - may be called Minimum Wage or Wage Hour Law; set minimum wage; for overtime work (over 40 hours in 1 week) must pay time and one-half; minimum wage - listed at Bureau of Labor Standards. Equal Employment Opportunity Act - prevents discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, political affiliation, overseen by EEOC Equal Pay Act - prohibits discrimination on basis of sex Civil Rights Act - prevents discrimination on basis of race, color, national origin; overseen by the EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission)

Which type of organizational communication channel provides employees with an opportunity to have a say in what happens within the organization and allows management to receive information from lower levels? A. Horizontal B. Upward C. Downward D. Diagonal E. Informal

B. Upward; Horizontal: between departments (i.e. Nursing and Nutrition) or between production and service within nutrition department; Upward—as stated in question; Downward—from Department Head down through ranks of workers, use procedure manuals, policy statements; Diagonal—minimizes time and effort expended in organizations; between functions diagonally placed (i.e ordering clerk in foodservice sends requests directly to purchasing department, not through the food service channels); Informal-otherwise known as the grapevine, meets social needs of group

Which biochemical data is used to measure kidney (renal) sufficiency by measuring glomerular filtration? A. BUN B. Urinary creatinine clearance C. Creatinine height index D. Serum creatinine

B. Urinary creatinine clearance

Which is considered a hazardous situation? A. a gauge on the coffee urn not working B. an employee washing floors during rush hour C. an employee cleaning the grill with steel wool D. an employee leaving the freezer door ajar

B. an employee washing floors during rush hour

Two essential nutrients that are involved with blood clotting are: A. magnesium & vitamin E B. calcium & vitamin K C. phosphorus & vitamin K D. calcium & vitamin E

B. calcium & vitamin K; Calcium and Vitamin K are extremely essential nutrients for blood clotting. Magnesium is more involved in ATP production, vitamin E is involved in antioxidant functions, and phosphorus is essential to bones, cell structure, acid/base functions, and messages.

A consulting dietitian hired by a local health club to develop a weight-control program knows of two similar programs in the community. The dietitian can best determine the potential success of the new program by first: A. developing promotional materials B. conducting a market analysis C. analyzing the success of existing programs D. discussing the idea with other dietitians

B. conducting a market analysis; The market analysis includes the process of identifying a need, assisting potentialclients in recognizing that need, and filling that need. The market analysis will allow the dietitian to develop the most appropriate program for the selected market.

When cleaning _______, use chlorine or quaternary ammonia. A. laundry B. counter tops C. oven D. floor

B. counter tops

Skin, nails, and hair are particularly high in sulfur because they are rich in which amino acids? A. leucine and lysine B. cysteine and methionine C. arginine and histidine D. proline and glutamine

B. cysteine and methionine; Hair, skin, and nails are contain the more rigid proteins from the sulfur containing amino acids cysteine and methionine.

Which piece of foodservice equipment is the least energy efficient? A. convection oven B. deck oven C. steam-jacketed kettle D. rotary oven

B. deck oven; Deck oven has several deck oven units stacked on top of each other and uses the most energy. Convection ovens have more space and holds two to three times as much food, reducing cooking time and cooking at lower temperatures, thus conserving energy

The purpose of outcomes research is to: A. determine the best approach to solving a problem B. determine the most cost effective way to solve a problem C. determine the most productive outcomes D. determine the best outcome desired

B. determine the most cost effective way to solve a problem; The results of outcomes research are used to inform the decisions of legislative bodies that make decisions related to healthcare, as well as of financial bodies (governments, insurers, employers) who seek to minimize cost and waste while ensuring the provision of an acceptable level of care.

In classical management theory, the unity of command specifies that A. each unit should have a coordinated approach toward the same objective. B. each individual should be accountable to only one supervisor. C. each facility should have only one manager. D. authority and responsibility flow vertically from high to low.

B. each individual should be accountable to only one supervisor; A coordinated approach toward the same objective signifies unity of direction, whereas authority and responsibility flowing one way from high to low signifies a scalar chain. A facility, regardless of the size, can have as many managers as is needed. Each individual reporting to one supervisor signifies unity of command. (Payne-Palacio J, Theis M. Foodservice Management Principles and Practice. 12th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 2012.)

What deficiency of nutrients is related to increased levels of serum homocysteine levels? A. folate, zinc, calcium B. folate, B12, B6 C. B12, copper, vitamin D D. B12, thiamine, vitamin C

B. folate, B12, B6; Homocysteine is an amino acid obtained from consuming animal products. A high level of homocysteine can increase risk of heart disease. Deficiency of folate, B12 or B6 will cause megaloblastic or macrocytic anemia and is related to increased homocysteine levels because folate, B12, and B6 are involved in the metabolism of the amino acid and if not present it will build up and can also cause kidney failure.

What are the two main reasons why inadequate absorption of vitamin B 12 occur? A. poor intake & lack of intrinsic factor B. lack of hydrochloric acid and lack of intrinsic factor C. lack of folate and poor intake D. poor intake & lack of hydrochloric acid

B. lack of hydrochloric acid and lack of intrinsic factor; B12 is found in meats so most people have an adequate intake. The absorption of B12 is a two-step process and therefore the reason for inadequate absorption would be the 2 steps. First, hydrochloric acid in the stomach separates vitamin B12 from the protein to which vitamin B12 is attached in food. After this, vitamin B12 combines with a protein made by the stomach called intrinsic factor and is absorbed by the body.

Block grants are given by the federal government to states and communities for broad purposes. The five federal block grant areas are: A. local, state, civic, federal, national B. maternal and child health, community services, social services, preventive health services, primary care C. maternal, child, adolescent, adult, senior D. community services, social services, health services, civic services, financial services

B. maternal and child health, community services, social services, preventive health services, primary care; Block grants are provided to support law enforcement, social services, public health, and community development. Maternal and child health, community services, social services, preventive health services, and primary care all fall within the realm of social services, public health, and community development. Although the purpose of a block grant is broad it is narrowed to programs and not just locations or age groups. Additionally, a block grant would not aid financial services.

The relationships among positions and functions within a foodservice department are indicated primarily by the: A. job description B. organizational chart C. mission statement D. policy statement

B. organizational chart; The organizational chart graphically displays the basic relationships of positions and functions while specifying the formal authority and communication network of the organization in a web like model. The mission statement simply summarizes the purpose of the organization while the policy statement is a general guide for organizational behavior. Finally, it is not job description because that is the list of duties, working conditions, tools and equipment needed to perform the job. (Gregoire)

Which of the following kitchen layouts will help prevent other employees from walking through the cook's work area? A. plan each work center with its own supply storage areas B. plan work aisles separate from traffic aisles C. position work centers adjacent to the appropriate point of service D. design aisles wide enough to accommodate both

B. plan work aisles separate from traffic aisles; Kitchen layout is the detailed arrangement of the equipment, floor space, and counter space. For a kitchen to function there must be adequate flow, movement of product, and people through the operation. Separating the work aisles from the main traffic aisle will decrease flow in the work aisles and give the people more room to prepare foods. (Gregorie)

The absorption of calcium is enhanced by: A. phytates and oxalates B. presence of lactose C. lack of stomach acid D. Vitamin D deficiency

B. presence of lactose; Calcium absorption is controlled by calcitraiol which increases it's ability to function when vitamin D, sugar, sugar alcohols, and protein is present. Since lactose is a sugar, it is the best option.

The pigment anthocyanin is found in which of the following vegetables? A. broccoli and green cabbage B. radishes and red cabbage C. carrots and squash D. corn and lettuce F. cauliflower and turnips

B. radishes and red cabbage; Anthocyanin are a type of flavonoid that are red, purple, blue or black in color. In acidic conditions anthocyanins turn red and in basic conditions turn blue.

If there is an increase in input and output, productivity will: A. increase B. remain constant C. decrease D. modulate

B. remain constant; Productivity is the ratio of output to input (goals to resources of the system). Productivity will be increased by reducing input, by increasing output or by doing both. If input and output both increase, productivity will remain constant

A food cost percentage of 35% means that 35% of the: A. food costs was used on employee meals. B. revenue was spent on food. C. total costs was for food. D. money spent on food was wasted.

B. revenue was spent on food.

A sol is a colloidal dispersion of a _______ in a liquid, while a foam is a colloidal dispersion of a ________ in a liquid. A. liquid, solid B. solid, gas C. gas, solid D. suspendoid, solid

B. solid, gas; Sol is a colloidal dispersion of solid particles in a liquid while a foam would be a gas in a liquid like egg foam.

In a study on custards which would be the dependent variable? A. the amount of milk and sugar in the recipe B. the cooked custard C. the temperature of the oven the time of cooking D. the time of cooking

B. the cooked custard; The dependent variable is the one not changed by the researcher because it changes as the researcher changes the independent variable, the outcome DEPENDS on the CHANGE. For a study on custards, with no other information the basic unchanging factor would have to be that there are custards involved.

What four vitamins are helpful in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA? A. cobalamin, niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid B. thiamin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, niacin C. folate, Thiamin, niacin, riboflavin D. biotin, ascorbic acid, folic acid, pyridoxine

B. thiamin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, niacin

What vitamin is intensively involved in amino acid metabolism especially transamination? A. riboflavin B. vitamin B6 C. biotin D. vitamin E

B. vitamin B6; Pyridoxine (B6) functions as a coenzyme in most amino acid rxn such as transamination, decarboxylation (the initial step in glycogen metabolism) and glycogen phosphorylase. Riboflavin (B2) functions as an intermediate electron carrier. Biotin functions during CO2 transfer, carboxylation rxn, metabolism- oxaloacetate from pyruvate, and DNA maintenance. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that traps lipophilic free radicals is a component of plasma, RBC, tissues, integrity of biological membranes.

Which statement best describes the purpose of the first "C" in the FOCUS-PDCA performance improvement model? A Identify a course of action B Develop a cohort C Elucidate the current process D Recognize categories of variation

C Elucidate the current process; In this performance improvement model, C represents clarifying what are the current practices. F = Find an improvement area O = Organize a team C = Clarify current practices U = Understand source of variation/problem S = Select a strategy PDCA = Plan Do Check Act (SAMHSA HRSA Center for Integrated Health Solutions. FOCUS PCDA. September 2017.)

The US Department of Agriculture School Meals Initiative for Healthy Children requires that the schools participating in the National School Breakfast Program provide _____ of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein. A. 1/2 B. 1/3 C. 1/4 D. 1/5

C. 1/4; Schools participating in the USDA School Lunch Program must provide 1/3 of the RDA for protein, calcium, iron, and vitamins A and C for each age/grade group for lunch meals, whereas the USDA School Breakfast Program requires serving 1/4 of the RDA of those nutrients for each age/grade group for breakfast meals.

Pork must be cooked to an internal temperature of .........., chicken and internal temperature of .......... and ground beef and internal temperature of .......... . A. 160˚F, 165˚F, 145˚F B. 145˚F, 160˚F, 165˚F C. 145˚F, 165˚F, 160˚F D. 165˚F, 145˚F160˚F F. 160˚F, 145˚F, 165˚F

C. 145˚F, 165˚F, 160˚F; The recommended safe temperatures (F) identifies the temperature danger zone between 40-140 degrees F. All whole cuts of meat such as stake, roasts, pork chops, beef, veal, lamb and fish should be cooked to at least 145 to destroy pathogens. All poultry including stuffing, ground chicken, turkey, casseroles and reheated leftovers should be heated to 165 degrees F. While ground meats such as ground beef should be cooked to 160F. (Rolfes, Pinna & Whitney, 2018, p. 877)

A client's pre-pregnancy needs were approximately 1500 kcal and 40 grams of protein per day. She is now in her 2nd trimester. You would recommend her new needs to be approximately: A. 1600 kcals and 50 g protein B. 2100 kcals and 80 g protein C. 1840 kcals and 65 g protein D. 1250 kcals and 60 g protein

C. 1840 kcals and 65 g protein; During the second trimester the Kcals needs of a healthy pregnant woman increases an additional 340kcals and during the their trimester it increases an additional 450kcals per day. Her RDA for protein also increases by an additional 25g/day. Therefore a client who previously needed 1500kcals and 40g of protein now needs 1840kcals and 65g of protein per day. (Rolfes, Whitney & Pinna, 2018, p.452-453)

What number of productive FTEs are needed for two 7-day-per-week positions, working 6:30 am to 3:00 pm, with a 30-minute lunch? A. 1.4 B. 2 C. 2.8 D. 2.975

C. 2.8; 2 × 8 hours × 7 days = 112 hours/40 hours = 2.8 FTES Keiser J, DeMicco FJ. Contemporary Management Theory: Controlling and Analyzing Costs in Foodservice Operations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 2000:260.

A cafeteria seats 80 customers. Lunch runs from 11:15AM to 1:00 PM. Turnover is 2.5 customers/hours. How many can be served during those hours? A. 125 B. 216 C. 350 D. 550

C. 350; 11:15 to 1:00PM = 1. 75 hours Turnover rate = 2.5 * 80 customers = 200 meals/hour 200 meals/hour for 1.75 hours = 350 meals OR: 80 customers * (1.75 hours * 2.5 turnover) = 350

A pregnant woman is 5'3" and weighs 100 lbs. How many lbs should she gain during her pregnancy? A. 25 lbs. B. 20 lbs. C. 37 lbs. D. 45 lbs.

C. 37 lbs; BMI=17.7 Underweight woman means that she needs to gain 28-40lbs throughout her entire pregnancy. 37lbs is the only number that fits within the range. (Rolfes, Whitney & Pinna, 2018, p.449)

Approximately how many servings of milk would a woman 53 years of age need to consume to meet her RDA for calcium? A. 2 cups B. 3 cups C. 4 cups D. 5 cups

C. 4 cups; The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for women aged 51 and older is 1,200 mg calcium daily. Milk has 300 mg calcium/cup and would require 4 cups to meet the RDA. (Whitney EN, Rolfes S. Understanding Nutrition. 13th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage; 2012.)

How many total full time and relief employees are needed if you have 40 full time positions? A. 40 B. 22 C. 62 D. 75 E. 41.5

C. 62; 40 x 0.55 =22 relief workers needed to cover 365 days per year. 22 relief workers +40 full time workers = 62 total employees; 1.55 employees are necessary for everyday coverage of full time positions. Full time employees are available generally on average 236 days/year (this is where .55 comes from...129days/236days). Another, simpler approach: Multiply 1.55 x number of employees 1.55 x 40 = 62

What is the primary purpose of a nutrition intervention? A. Alleviating symptoms of a nutrition problem B. Determining the cause of a person's nutrition problem C. Altering or eliminating the etiologies of a nutrition diagnosis D. Researching potential cures for conditions with nutrition implications

C. Altering or eliminating the etiologies of a nutrition diagnosis; A nutrition intervention is a purposely planned action intended to change a nutrition-related behavior, risk factor, environmental condition, or aspect of health status to resolve or improve the identified nutrition diagnosis or nutrition problem. It is less often directed at alleviating signs and symptoms.

Which of the following is often added to fat-free chocolate milk as a stabilizer and thickener to improve mouthfeel? A. Methylparaben B. Lecithin C. Carrageenan D. Calcium silicate

C. Carrageenan; Carrageenan is used at very low concentrations to form an imperceptible, weak gel that prevents the large, dense particles of chocolate from sedimenting in fat-free chocolate milk. (Brown AC. Understanding Food: Principles and Preparation. 5th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage; 2014.)

The........budget projects revenues and expenses and shows inflow/output of cash. A. Operating B. Capital C. Cash D. Zero-based E. Performance

C. Cash; The cash budget is a detailed estimate of anticipated cash receipts and disbursements throughout the budget period. Operating budget is a combination of sales or revenue budget which examines past experience and past budgets to consider various internal and external influences. Capital budget is completed at the same time as the operating budget and clarifies any improvements, expansions, and replacements of equipment within the building. Zero-based budget is a budget where the expenses are subtracted from the income to obtain a zero balance. Performance budget is one that reflects both the input of resources and the output of services for each unit of an organization.

Which statement best describes the "S" component of the PDSA performance improvement model? A. Determine how changes will be implemented B. Implement the intervention C. Determine the impact of the intervention D. Maintain and continue improvement

C. Determine the impact of the intervention; Plan-Do-Study-Act Determination of how changes will be made is part of the P component, implementation of the plan is included in D, and maintaining the improvement is part of A. (Joint Commission Resources. Cost-Effective Performance Improvement in Hospitals. Oakbrook Terrace, IL: JCAHO; 2005:94.)

What is the first thing you do after a needs assessment? A. Rank priorities B. Hire a director C. Diagnose D. Write the budget

C. Diagnose; ADIME- Assess, Diagnose, Intervention, Monitor, Evaluate

A recent supplement has made the claim that it can increase endurance, decrease muscle fatigue and stimulate weight loss. Which agency would be used to determine the truth in these labeling claims? A. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) B. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) C. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) D. None of the above can complete this task E. All of the above can complete this task

C. Federal Trade Commission (FTC); FTC investigates and protects American consumers from unfair, deceptive, or fraudulent practices. The FDA protects the public through assure safety and effectiveness, but does no investigation. The FCC regulates TV, radio, and satalight communication. t

The most readily controlled item within a foodservice establishment is? A. Variable costs B. The menu C. Food costs D. All purchases E. Equipment

C. Food costs; Food is ordered frequently and the easiest expense to control.

Carbohydrates listed in order of decreasing sweetness are: A. Fructose, glucose, sucrose, sorbitol B. Sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbitol C. Fructose, sucrose, glucose, sorbitol D. Sorbitol, fructose, sucrose, glucose

C. Fructose, sucrose, glucose, sorbitol

Which of the following is necessary in order to absorb folate consumed from green, leafy vegetables? A. Phosphate groups must be removed by the action of alkaline phosphatase B. Glutamate must be transaminated to form alpha-ketoglutarate C. Glutamic acid molecules must be removed D. Glutamic acid molecules must be added

C. Glutamic acid molecules must be removed; Food folate contains multiple glutamic acid molecules whereas folic acid, the folate form found in supplements, contains only one glutamic acid. These multiple glutamic acids must be hydrolyzed in order for folate to be absorbed from food sources. Gropper S, Smith J. Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. 6th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth; 2013.

All of the following are true about vitamin K except: A. It plays a role in bone building B. It activates prothrombin C. It can only be obtained from food sources D. All of these are true

C. It can only be obtained from food sources; All babies receive potassium injections at birth to prevent the now rare disease vitamin K deficiency bleeding VKDB.

A patient has anemia and low RBC count. This may be due to: A. Diabetes B. Heart disease C. Kidney disease D. Influenza infection

C. Kidney disease; Low levels of RBC are due to nutritional deficits of iron, B12, folate, hemorrhage, hemolysis, genetic aberrations, marrow failure, or renal disease. (Krause 61t).

Which of the following factors are known to increase the absorption of nonheme iron? A. phytates B. tannins C. MFP (Meat, Fish, Poultry) factor D. phosphorous

C. MFP (Meat, Fish, Poultry) factor; Absorption of iron is decreased by oxalate, pytates, and tannins, tea, and coffee. While it is increased with vitamin C intake and iron intake on an empty stomach.

Which is a measure of somatic proteins? A. Serum albumin B. Serum transferrin C. Mid-arm muscle circumference D. Triceps skinfold

C. Mid-arm muscle circumference; Somatic proteins measure the skeletal muscle instead of serum protein. Evaluation of somatic protein status can generally be performed using muscle circumference or mid-arm muscle area.

Which of the following is a reportable diagnosis for foodservice employees? A. Botulism B. Cancer C. Norovirus D. Epilepsy

C. Norovirus; Norovirus, because it's highly contagious and can be transmitted via food, is a reportable diagnosis. A reportable diagnosis refers to an illness that must be reported to management so that the person in charge can evaluate and reduce the risk of foodborne disease transmission.

Which enteral feeding access device will deliver nutrition past the ligament of Treitz? A. Nasogastric B. Nasoduodenal C. Percutaneous jejunostomy D. Percutaneous gastrostomy

C. Percutaneous jejunostomy; The ligament of Treitz ligament marks the separation of the duodenum and jejunum. To bypass it, one would need to use percutaneous jejunostomy for feeding access. (Boullata J, Carney LN, Guenter P. A.S.P.E.N. Enteral Nutrition Handbook. Silver Spring, MD: American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition; 2010:165.)

An example of formative evaluation is: A. IQ test B. RD exam C. Pretest quiz D. Comparative evaluation

C. Pretest quiz, Formative evaluations are ungraded tests at the beginning of a class to judge the student's current knowledge before education. Summative evaluations are tests after the class is completed.

You are developing a summer foodservice program for underprivileged children. You have identified that this is a need that has not been filled and have determined where your service will be offered. You are now assessing the market segmentation. You determine the social class of your target population. What category of market segmentation does one's social class fall under? A. Demographic variable B. Geographic variable C. Psychographic variable D. Behavioristic variable E. Market niche variable

C. Psychographic variable: While demographic variables describe the person's characteristics that might influence product selection, the amount of money they have is not a characteristic because it can be changed. Social class or socioeconomic status is a psychographic variable or the person's motives and/or lifestyle characteristics. Geographic variables refers to the area in which a person lives that influences their product needs. And behavioristic variable describes a consumers feeling towards a product. Market niche variable refers to a kind of marketing when a small profitable segment of market is identified and targeted. (Gregoire, 2018, p. 433-434)

In the ETHNIC model of culturally competent care, the "E" stands for _____. A. education B. empathy C. explanation D. expectations

C. explanation; ETHNIC stands for, Explanation, Treatment, Healers, Negotiate, Intervention, Collaborate, Spirituality/Seniors. In the ETHNIC model, an explanation about the culture and condition or illness by the client is the first step.

How much hamburger will it take to make 300 three ounce patties with a 20% shrinkage? A. 52 lbs. B. 68 lbs. C. 90 lbs. D. 70 lbs

D. 70 lbs; 300 servings/80 = x 3.75 oz = x (The 80 is 100-20) Therefore. 3.75 * 300 / 16 oz per lbs = 70.3 lbs

Which Federal Food Assistance Program is the largest food assistance program that is based on the Thrifty Meal Plan? A. The Emergency Food Assistance Program B. Women, Infants, and Children C. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) D. National School Lunch Program

C. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP); SNAP is the largest federal nutrition assistance program that is administered by the USDA and helped about 40 million people in 2018. The thrifty meal plan is 1 of 4 budgeting plans created by the USDA that specifies the number of pounds per week of nutritious food for each of 58 food categories for different age groups, for men, women, and children. The Emergency Food Assitance Program (TEFAP) is also a federal program run by the USDA but it is only used for low-income Americans. WIC is the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children that provides federal grants to states for supplemental foods, healthcare referrals, and nutrition education to low-income pregnant, breastfeeding, non-breastfeeding postpartum, and infants and children below the age of 5 and it is not an entitlement program, therefore, capacity is capped. The national school lunch program is a federally assisted program, not federally run.

When you check for overrun, you are checking: A. Excess stock in the store room B. Surplus soap and rinse aids used in the dishmachine C. The weight of the ice cream D. Total costs of unexpected meals served

C. The weight of the ice cream, Overrun is the % increase in volume of ice cream greater than the amount of mix used to produce that ice cream. In other words, if you start off with 1 litre of mix and you make 1.5 litres of ice cream from that, you have increased the volume by 50%.

Which of the following statements best describes the samples that fall within the shaded areas in the figure above? A. They are negatively skewed B. They are positively skewed C. They are two standard deviations from the mean D. They indicate a bimodal distribution

C. They are two standard deviations from the mean

Which laboratory measurement can be used to assess hemochromatosis? A. Hemoglobin B. Serum Chromium C. Transferrin Saturation D. Hematocrit

C. Transferrin Saturation; Iron is stored as ferririn and hemosiderine. Therefore a test of the % of transferrin saturation can reveal the amount of iron present within the body. A transferrin saturation greater than or equal to 45% indicates iron overload.

What term is used to describe the methodical investigation of all components of an existing product or service with the goal of discovering and eliminating unnecessary costs without interfering with the effectiveness of the product or service? A. Make-or-buy decision B. Can cutting C. Value analysis D. Value-added research

C. Value analysis; Value analysis aims to maintain the quality and effectiveness of an existing product or service while seeking to minimize locked-in costs by determining if there are any unnecessary costs in designs, materials, processes, and systems. Make-or-buy decisions involve making a strategic choice between producing an item in-house or buying it from an outside supplier. Can cutting investigates the value of a product. Value-added research is used to estimate or quantify essential attributes of a good or service with the goal of emphasizing the attributes that enhance customer appeal and reducing or eliminating the attributes that do not. Gregoire MB, Spears MC. Foodservice Organizations: A Managerial and Systems Approach. 9th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson; 2016.

Which of the following women is most at risk of having a low-birth-weight baby? A. a thirty-year-old who smokes B. a vegetarian in her twenties C. a 15-year-old with a BMI of 35 D. a lactose-intolerant nineteen-year-old

C. a 15 year-old with a BMI of 35; Low-birthweight infants are defined as infants who weigh less than 5.5lbs and are classified according to gestational age. The highest risk is the obese 15yo girl's pregnancy because she is much younger than childbearing yeats (20-25), she is still growing herself, and most likely has a poor energy-dense diet. Smoking will restrict the blood supply to the fetus and is not recommended. A well-planned vegetarian diet can support a healthy pregnancy. (Rolfes, Pinna & Whitney, 2018, p.456-463)

If dishes come out of the dish machine with water spots: A. use more detergent B. add a drying agent to the wash cycle C. add a drying agent to the rinse cycle D. use less detergent

C. add a drying agent to the rinse cycle; Water spotting may be due to inadequate time between rinsing and storage. Adding a drying agent to the rinse cycle will help prevent water spotting. Another option, allow sufficient time for air drying.

How does a new supervisor gain respect? A. show employees different ways to do their job B. work with a different employee each day C. communicate regularly with them to keep them informed D. smile a lot

C. communicate regularly with them to keep them informed

A facility director is charged with evaluating whether it is worthwhile to complete a project. The best approach would be to A. conduct a productivity study. B. determine the startup funds needed. C. conduct a cost-to-benefit analysis. D. determine the number of people involved.

C. conduct a cost-to-benefit analysis; Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) estimates and totals the monetary value of the benefits expected to be derived from a project and compares those to the costs of the project to determine whether the planned project is worthwhile financially. For example, if the costs of remodeling a foodservice kitchen is $3.4 million and the expected revenue generated after the renovation is $2.7 million, then the renovation would be judged as not being a good investment. A cost-benefit analysis would include all the other options listed as parts of the determination of project profitability. (Hess MA. Review of Dietetics 2014-2016. Chicago, IL: Hess & Hunt Inc; 2014.)

A woman taking oral contraceptives may experience: A. iron and calcium deficiency B. decreased vitamin K C. decreased folate, B6, vitamin C D. decreased bone growth and malabsorption

C. decreased folate, B6, vitamin C

After doing an assessment on an elderly patient you see that he is taking Thiazide. This drug has a food/drug interaction. What foods will you recommend? A. roast beef, chicken, fish, potatoes B. butter, cream cheese, ice cream, milk C. dried fruit, banana, potatoes, cantaloupes D. whole-wheat bread, pasta, banana, potatoes

C. dried fruit, banana, potatoes, cantaloupes; Thiazide is a diuretic that increases urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and the renal resorption of calcium. With long term use, it can also cause increased urinary zinc excretion. While taking thiazide it is important to maintain a high diet of zinc, potassium, and magnesium. And to avoid licorice and calcium. Therefore the best food choice would be dried fruit(high in potassium), banana (high in potassium and magnesium), potatoes (high in magnesium), cantaloupes

Energy for exercise during an endurance event comes primarily from which energy system? A. the ATP-CP system (creatine phosphate system) B. the lactic acid system (anaerobic) C. the aerobic system D. the oxidation of amino acids from muscle breakdown

C. the aerobic system; Quick energy needed for sprints and quick exercises is obtained through the anaerobic lactic acid system in which pyruvate is converted to lactate without oxygen. At a slower pace, or during long distance endurance exercise energy is created via the aerobic system which breaks down pyruvate to acetyl CoA for with oxygen for energy. (Rolfes, Whitney & Pinna, 2018, p.207)

To reduce the budget, first look at: A. menu costs B. fixed costs C. variable costs D. semi-variable costs

C. variable costs; Variable costs are flexible and can be more readily controlled than fixed or semi-variable costs. More specifically, Food costs (a variable cost) are the most readily controlled item in the budget.

What would the nitrogen balance be for a patient with a 24-hour urinary nitrogen excretion of 14.3 grams and a protein intake of 102 grams? A. +16.3 grams B. −16.3 grams C. −2 grams D. +2 grams

C. −2 grams; Nitrogen balance formula: total protein intake (g)/6.25 g - (UUN + 4 g for insensible losses) Step 1: Convert the total protein intake to grams of nitrogen. To calculate this, divide the total protein intake of 102 g by 6.25 g of protein per gram of nitrogen. 102 g/6.25 = 16.32 g Total nitrogen intake = 16.32 g Step 2: Determine the total excretion. To calculate this, add 14.3 g of nitrogen excreted in the urine over 24 hours (UUN) + 4 g of nitrogen for insensible losses (from sweat, gastrointestinal tract) in a 24-hour period. 14.3 g + 4 g = 18.3 Total nitrogen excreted = 18.3 g Step 3: Calculate nitrogen balance. Take total nitrogen intake of 16.32 g and subtract total nitrogen excretion of 18.3 g. 16.32 g - 18.3 g = -1.98 g Nitrogen Balance rounded up = -2 g nitrogen. This patient has a negative nitrogen balance, so the dietetic practitioner will need to assess if an increase in protein intake is needed. (Boullata J, Carney LN, Guenter P. A.S.P.E.N. Enteral Nutrition Handbook. Silver Spring, MD: American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition; 2010:26.)

What is the atomic wt and valence for the following minerals? Calcium, Chloride, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Sulfate, Sulfur.

Calcium- 40,2 Chloride-35, 1 Magnesium- 24, 2 Phosphorus- 31, 2 Potassium- 39, 1 Sodium- 23, 1 Sulfate- 96, 2 Sulfur- 32

DRG's allow $1600 for an appendectomy with a 4 day stay. The patient is released in 3 days. The hospital will receive: A. $1200 B. $800 C. $2000 D. $1600

D. $1600; Diagnosis related group- reimbursement amount regardless of patient stay

A food service operates with a 35% food cost. If a menu item has raw food cost of $1.25, and it takes an employee 45 minutes at $6.00 an hour to prepare, what is the traditional selling price? A. $2.75 B. $3.25 C. $2.50 D. $3.58

D. $3.58; Selling price = Food Cost/Desired Food Cost % Selling price = 1.25/.35 = 3.58

Megaloblastic/macrocytic anemia may be the result of which of the following: 1. B12 deficiency 2. folate deficiency 3. lack of the intrinsic factor 4. iron deficiency A. 1 & 2 B. 2,3, and 4 C. 1 & 3 D. 1,2, and 3

D. 1,2, and 3; Intrinsic factor is a substance secreted into the stomach which promotes the absorption of B12. Megalobalstic and macrocytic anemia is due to a lack of B12 and/or folate or ability to absorb B12, lack of intrinsic factor. Iron deficiency anemia is a lack of iron to create red blood cells.

A #12 scoop, was used to serve 600 servings of mashed potatoes instead of a #16 scoop. How many servings were they short? A. 90 B. 25 C. 210 D. 156

D. 156; Assume that a serving is 1 scoop. 32oz/#16= 2oz, 600servings*2oz= 1200oz, 32oz/#12= 2.66oz , 1200oz/2.67oz= 451servings, 600-451= 149, closest to 156

The energy value of infant formulas is approximately? A. 1 kcal/gm B. 1 kcal/oz C. 20 kcal/gm D. 20 kcal/oz E. 100 kcal/oz

D. 20 kcal/oz

What is the daily recommended daily fiber goal for a 10-year-old boy? A. 14 g/day B. 19.6 g/day C. 22.4 g/day D. 25.2 g/day

D. 25.2 g/day; The daily recommended fiber goals for children are: 14 g/day for all children age 1-3 16.8 g/day for girls age 4-8 19.6 g/day for boys age 4-8 22.4 g/day for girls age 9-13 25.2 g/day for boys age 9-13 US Department of Agriculture

The estimated potassium content of the diet is 77 mEq. This is equivalent to mg of potassium: A. 2 B. 1771 C. 3.35 D. 3003

D. 3003mg; Potassium: Atomic wt= 39 Valence=1, x/39AW*1V=77mEq 77mEq*39AW= 3,003mg

Using the factor pricing method, what would be the selling price for pasta primavera if the recipe cost is $2.65 raw food cost/portion and the desired percentage of food cost is 34%? A. 2.94 B. 3.55 C. 5.59 D. 7.79

D. 7.79; 100/Desired food cost % = cost factor 100/34 = 2.94 Raw food cost x cost factor = markup $2.65 x 2.94 = $7.79 (Payne-Palacio J, Theis M. Introduction to Foodservice. 11th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 2008.)

What is an example of a breakfast that would be served at a school breakfast program? A. 4 oz. milk, banana, 1 slice toast B. 8 oz milk, 1 egg, 1 slice toast C. 4 oz. orange juice, 2 slices toast D. 8 oz. milk, 4 oz. orange juice, 2 slices toast E. 4 oz. milk, 4 oz. orange juice, 1 egg

D. 8 oz. milk, 4 oz. orange juice, 2 slices toast; The school breakfast program (SBP) is run by the USDA and provides reimbursement to states to operate nonprofit breakfast programs in schools and residential childcare institutions at the federal level. The breakfast must contain all major food groups and 1/4 of the daily protein needs. 1 cup of milk provides 8g of protein, 12g of CHO, and 0-8g of fat; 4oz of orange juice provides one serving of fruit, and 2 slices of toast provide 30g of CHO.

According to the WHO growth chart, in what percentile is a 1-year-old boy measuring 82 cm? A. <15th B. 50th C. 85th D. >97th

D. >97th; 82 cm (32") is tall for a 1-year-old boy, so he would be above the 97th percentile. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. WHO Growth Charts: Length-for-age BOYS.)

Which of the following is true when collecting data for a community needs assessment? A. Collected data should be from within the past 5 years B. Data collection by direct observation is discouraged C. Only quantitative data are relevant D. A minimum of two collection methods is recommended

D. A minimum of two collection methods is recommended; In community needs assessments, it is recommended that a combination of two or more data-collection methods be employed to confirm or support initial findings. Direct observation is encouraged and both qualitative and quantitative data are considered relevant. Collected data should be from the past 6 months with very limited exceptions. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Community Needs Assessment. 2013. Available at:

Which would be the most effective marketing strategy to reach the largest number of consumers? A. Advertising in magazine B. Telemarketing C. Hand out fliers in grocery stores D. Advertising in daily newspaper and the internet

D. Advertising in daily newspaper and the internet; Advertising in the daily newspaper and internet will reach the largest number of consumers and will require less labor than telemarketing or handing out fliers. Magazines are usually meant for a specific target audience, so advertising in a magazine may not reach a very large number of consumers.

You have an appointment with a client newly diagnosed with Type II diabetes who is using insulin for BG control. When he shows up for his appointment you smell an odor of alcohol. On interview the client states he had three drinks with lunch, but he adjusted his insulin to cover the alcohol carbs. You advise him: A. Commend him for taking appropriate precautions B. Tell him never to drink again because it could kill him C. Offer him some quick CHO source and explain the negative effects of alcohol on blood sugar D. Answers A & C E. Answers B & C

D. Answers A & C; First, commend him on taking the appropriate precautions because there are many diabetics who would not have adjusted their insulin to account for alcohol carbs. But also offer him some quick CHO source to avoid delayed hypoglycemia and explain the negative effects of alcohol on blood sugar. Although small amounts of alcohol may be safe, alcohol does not require insulin to be metabolized which can quickly lead to hyperglycemia in excessive amounts. (Krause, P.618)

Which USDA grade of beef is not purchased for general foodservice use? A. Choice B. Select C. Standard D. Commercial

D. Commercial; The grades for beef from highest to lowest are prime, choice, select, standard, commercial, utility, cutter, and canner. Commercial, utility, cutter, and canner are not purchased for general foodservice use because of their poor taste quality. (Molt M, Shugart G. Food for Fifty. 13th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall; 2011:110).

Compared to a non-leader, which grouping of words best describes a leader? A. Copes with complexities, seeks to be understood, empowers B. Organizes, motivates, copes with complexities C. Seeks to be understood, perseveres, copes with change D. Copes with change, empowers, perseveres

D. Copes with change, empowers, perseveres; Effective leaders accept that change should and will occur and work with others in order to facilitate the pace and outcome of change. This empowers both themselves and others. Gregoire

A woman with an albumin of 3.3 g/dl may be suffering from all of the following except: A. Liver disease B. Malnutrition C. Ascites D. Dehydration E. Malignancy

D. Dehydration; Normal serum albumin is 3.5-5.0g/dL. This woman has a slightly lower albumin level which can indicate poor protein intake from malnutrition or poor protein absorption due to liver disease, ascites (3rd spacing water follows protein), or cancer (malignancy). Dehydration is indicated by higher levels of serum albumin.

Which management technique is designed to prove expert minds in a series of interviews from which some consensus is sought and participants do not meet A. Delbecq's nominal group technique B. Focus group C. Pareto charts D. Delphi technique E. Cause and effect diagram

D. Delphi technique; Delphi (like the oracle of delphi is smart/clairvoyant)- according to Gregoire this technique is a panel of experts who is used to develop a consensus in their expert opinion and make predictions about specific problems. Focus group is simply a qualitative information gathering method. Pareto charts is similar to triage in which Vilfredo Pareto states that it is best to focus on the most important causes to solve problems. The cause and effect diagram is an illustration of factors that may influence or cause a given outcome. (Gregoire)

Which of the following helps a facility simplify meal-ordering procedures while addressing inadequate options by adding menu options? A. Diet maximization B. Diet personalization C. Diet simplification D. Diet liberalization

D. Diet liberalization; Diet liberalization is essential in the registered dietitian nutritionist's assessment and evaluation process to determine the least restricted therapeutic and texture-modified diet order for a patient. The benefits of liberalizing diets include the following: Increased patient food and beverage choices Simplified meal-ordering procedures Improved dining experience Improved flavor and acceptance of foods served Added options to address inadequate intake Simplified foodservice Decreased potential meal service errors Streamlined guidance on diet definitions (who can have what foods/fluids) Increased staff time for calm interaction during meal selection and service Additional supports for a successful survey process (Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Nutrition Care Manual: Diet Manual: Diet Liberalization. Available at: Website [login required]. Accessed December 17, 2019.)

A low income mother of 5 1/2 year old twins old requires assistance. What program(s) would you refer her to: I. the SNAP program II. Commodity supplemental food program III. The Head Start program IV. Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children. A. I B. I, IV C. I, II, III D. I, II E. All of the above

D. I, II; SNAP is a program that provides coupons to supplement the food budget of low-income families so they can purchase and provide health food. The commodity supplemental food program (CSFP) is a USDA run program that works to improve the health of low-income elderly persons at least 60yr by supplementing diet. (the rules of CSFP recently changed so technically this answer is wrong now) Headstart program is an education and transportation program for low-income and homeless families. Special Supplemental Nutrition Progam for women, infants, and children (WIC) is a program for low-income families to provide education and food but the child must be younger than 5yo.

What is the primary advantage of microwave rethermalization? A. It heats food evenly. B. It retains nutrients C. It requires little space. D. It expedites on-demand preparation.

D. It expedites on-demand preparation.

Which of these symptoms should be the most concerning to a foodservice establishment and lead to excluding a food handler from working? A. Sore throat B. Coughing C. Nausea D. Jaundice

D. Jaundice; Sore throat, coughing, and nausea are not necessarily indicative of transmittable disease and are not necessarily reasons to exclude a food handler. The most concerning symptoms for foodservice establishments should be vomiting, diarrhea, sore throat with fever, infected cuts and burns with pus on hands and wrist, and jaundice. Jaundice is a symptom of hepatitis A, which is highly contagious and can be transmitted via food and beverage. More specifically, the virus can be transmitted if small, undetected amounts of stool from an infected person contaminate food or drinks.

Which statement best describes the "A" component of the PDSA performance improvement model? A. Determine how changes will be implemented B. Implement the intervention C. Determine the impact of the intervention D. Maintain and continue improvement

D. Maintain and continue improvement; Maintaining and continuing improvement is included in the A component of the PDSA model. Determination of how changes will be implemented is part of P, implementation of the plan is included in D, and determination of the impact of the plan is included in S. Joint Commission Resources. Cost-Effective Performance Improvement in Hospitals. Oakbrook Terrace, IL: JCAHO; 2005:94.

Which of the following is a type of demographic management that provides control from within, establishes performance goals with the employees and focuses on participative leadership? A. Scientific management B. Contingency or situational leadership C. Systems Approach D. Management by Objective E. Transactional leadership

D. Management by Objective; Management by objective is the technique used for performance appraisals in which managers and their superiors agree on the objectives to be achieved and usually for a 1-yr period. Transactional leadership is not a type of demographic management but a form of leadership that focuses on clarifying roles and responsibilities and the use of rewards and punishment to achieve goals. Scientific management is the management theory developed by Frederick W. Taylor that is the systematic approach to improving worker efficiency based on the collection and analysis of data (in manufacturing). Contingency or situational leadership was created by Fiedler and defined three major situational variables: leader-member relations, task structure, and position power, as the determinates for productivity. The systems approach is a collection of interrelated parts unified by design to obtain one or more objectives. (Gregorie)

Which fruit has the highest glycemic index value? A. Grapefruit B. Cherries C. Apple D. Orange

D. Orange; At 42, oranges have the highest glycemic index among these fruits. Grapefruit has a glycemic index of 25; cherries, 22; and apples, 38.

Which of the following is a federal requirement for shelf-stable foods? A. All shelf-stable food products must include a sell-by date B. All shelf-stable food products must include both a sell-by and use-by date C. Product dating is encouraged but never required for shelf-stable foods D. Product dating is only required for infant formula

D. Product dating is only required for infant formula; Product dating on shelf-stable foods is generally used to indicate food quality, not food safety. Use-by, sell-by, or best-if-used-by are not federally required except for infant formula. If product dating is voluntarily used on shelf-stable foods, the month, date, and year must be displayed, along with which category of product dating it indicates. (US Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service. Shelf stable food safety. August 2014. Accessed April 5, 2020. Available at: Website)

The ....... schedule provides the time sequencing of events required to produce a meal, the employee assignments, menu items, quantity to prepare and timing. A. Shift B. Master C. Work D. Production E. Daily

D. Production; The production schedule is the major control in the production subsystem because it activates the menu and provides a test of forecasting accuracy. It is a written plan doe production-specific date and/or meal. The shift schedule is the staffing pattern for set blocks of time, usually 8hrs. The master schedule is the overall plan for employee scheduling including days off. There is no term work schedule or daily schedule within Gregorie.

Which of the following represents a formative evaluation of a community nutrition program designed to encourage more first-time mothers to breastfeed? A. Determine the percentage of first-time mothers who breastfeed because they watched a motivational video when they attended prenatal checkups B. Calculate the increase in first-time mothers who breastfeed because they watched a motivational video when they attended prenatal checkups C. Offer a take-home version of a motivational video to be watched at patient's leisure D. Respond to patient's questions after presenting a motivational video at prenatal checkups

D. Respond to patient's questions after presenting a motivational video at prenatal checkups; Formative evaluation identifies learner misconceptions, struggles, and learning gaps before and during the educational process. Fielding questions after presenting a video will help to identify these patient challenges before giving birth. Boyle MA, Holben DH. Community Nutrition in Action: An Entrepreneurial Approach. 6th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage; 2012.

A Recent Nutrition-related bill has been revised by the appropriate committee and approved. Where is the bill sent next for debate? A. Another committee B. House of Representatives and Senate C. Joint House-Senate Conference committee D. Rules Committee E. State Legislators

D. Rules Committee

What would the lab values above have likely reflected if the patient had been nauseated and had averaged only 400 calories from primarily starchy foods over the weekend? Select one: a. little or no rise in potassium, BUN/creatinine ratio <10 b. increased phosphorus, BUN/creatinine ratio >15 c. typical rise in potassium, BUN/creatinine ratio >15 d. metabolic alkalosis, BUN/creatinine ration <10

a. little or no rise in potassium, BUN/creatinine ratio <10; Potassium or K is high in dark green leafy vegetables and fruits such as berries and bananas and a diet consisting of primarily starchy foods will contain very little K. BUN, blood urea nitrogen is related to protein intake and again a diet consisting of primarily starchy foods will contain very little protein causing the BUN to lower and lower the ratio to <10. The normal adult ratio range is 6 to 25, with 15.5 being the optimal value.

Which of the following would add bulk to frozen yogurt? Select one: a. microcrystalline cellulose b. monoglycerides c. carob gum d. carrageenan

a. microcrystalline cellulose; Commonly used in vitamins and supplements microcrystalline cellulose is a wood pulp that is a texturizer, anti-caking agent, fat substitute, emulsifier, and bulking agent. Monoglycerides are emulsifiers that help oil and water blend extending shelf life. Carob gum and carrageenan are both vegetarian thickeners. Microcrystalline cellulose is used to frozen yogurt because it thickens the product and is a fat substitute.

When trying to cut down on the number of employees on a tray assembly line, evaluate the..... Select one: a. number of work stations b. amount of idle time c. line speed d. capacity

a. number of work stations; If there are less work stations then there are less separate items to put on the trays and with less work within the tray-line the number of employees can be cut down

The best use of performance appraisals is: Select one: a. to improve performance b. to motivate the employee c. to weed out the employees who perform poorly d. to reward those who do well

a. to improve performance

According to the exchange list, what is a "free" food?

any food or drink choice that has less than 20 calories and 5g or less CHO per serving

How many meals were served per labor minute if 34 FTE produced 3800 meals in one 40 hour week? Select one: a. 2.79 b. 0.05 c. 1.12 d. 0.25

b. 0.05, 40hrs/week*60min/hr= 2400min/week/FTE*34FTE= 81,600min/week/3800meals= 0.05min/meal

Turkey roll purchased at $1.75/lb has a 34% cooking loss and a 5% handling loss. What is the edible portion price per pound? Select one: a. $.68 b. $1.07 c. $2.43 d. $4.49

b. 1.07 ; 34+5= 39% loss, 1.75*0.39= 0.68, 1.75-0.68= 1.07

Which needs to decrease to prevent a fatty liver? Select one: a. 2000 ml of D25W b. 1500 ml of 7% aminosyn c. 100 ml of 10% lipid d. 100 ml of 20% lipid

b. 1500 ml of 7% aminosyn; 1500mL*0.07=105g of protein*4= 420kcals: the aminosyn should be decreased to protect the liver from further damage (Raymond & Morrow, 2021, p.585)

Iron deficiency anemia has the following characteristics.I. large cells laden with hemoglobin II. small, pale cells III. hypochromic, microcytic IV. macrocytic or megaloblastic Select one: a. I, III b. II, III c. I, IV d. II, IV

b. II, III; Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by a lack of iron, small pale cells, and hypochromic microcytic - which means low levels of RBCs. It does not include large cells laden with Hbg or macrocytic or megaloblastic anemia which is due to a lack of B12 and/or folate. (Krause and Mahan, 2021, p. 659-661)

If you increase the size of the kitchen, what effect will there be on worker efficiency? Select one: a. an increase b. a decrease c. no change d. depends on the menu

b. a decrease; if the kitchen is too large the flow will not work efficiently

Protein requirements per unit of body weight are greatest in the: Select one: a. adolescent b. infant c. teenage years d. adult

b. infant; The protein requirements per unit of body weight are greatest in infants because the average healthy infant weights around 7.5lb or 3.5kg and needs about 1.5g/kg/day of protein or 5.25g. While other age groups may need more protein, the ratio of body weight to protein needs is highest in infants.

Esphageal varices may be caused by: Select one: a. portal hypotension b. portal hypertension c. a high fiber diet d. a high fiber, high residue diet

b. portal hypertension; portal hypertensions increases collateral blood flow and can result in swollen veins (varices) one of the treatments is endoscopic variceal banding and continuous endoscopic therapies can cause esophageal strictures impairing swallowing (Krause & Mahan, 2021, p. 587)

Quality standards for fruits assure you of: Select one: a. wholesomeness b. specifications of minimum quality characteristics c. safety from pesticides and residues d. good taste

b. specifications of minimum quality characteristics. The quality standards of fruit are graded levels that you need when you are making an order as a food service director.

If the temperature on the dishmachine rinse cycle is 135'F, you should: Select one: a. add additional sanitizer b. use paper products until the problem has been resolved c. nothing-that is the proper temperature d. increase the length of the rinse cycle

b. use paper products until the problem has been resolved; High-temp commercial dishwashers wash dishware at 150 to 160 degrees and rinses dishes at 180 degrees to sanitize. Therefore 135"F is not hot enough to properly clean dishes.

You are assessing a 4'11'' female patient who weighs 160 lbs. She has hypertension, high cholesterol and diabetes. What do you recommend? Select one: a. low sodium b. low carbohydrates c. low calories d. low fat

c. low calories; 4'11"=59"*0.0254=1.5m, 160lb*2.2=72.7kg, BMI=72.7/2.2m^2=33 Obese Class 1, An obese patient with hypertension, high cholesterol and diabetes should focus on lowering their overall caloric consumption and consume nutrient dense foods. Lowering sodium, carbohydrates, and fat could also be recommended but overall the most likely answer is lower calories.

The best indicator that children profited from a nutrition education program about iron is: Select one: a. their parents have increased nutrition knowledge about iron b. the children have increased knowledge about iron c. the children select more snacks with iron d. the parents have normal hemoglobin levels

c. the children select more snacks with iron; The best indication of understanding in adults and children is implementation of teachings.

Using the following formula, determine the calories coming from lipids per day. 300 ml 60% dextrose; 500 ml 10% amino acids; 200 ml 20% lipids; total nutrient mixture administered at 65ml/hour for 24 hours. Select one: a. 519 b. 561 c. 577 d. 624

d. 624; 20% lipid emulsions contain 2kcal/mL therefore 200mL*2kcal/ml=400kcals, 65mL*24hr= 1560, 300mL+500mL+200mL= 1000mL; 400kcal/1000mL= X kcal/1560= 0.4*1560=624 calories from lipids/day

How many servings are there in 10 gallons of ice cream using a #16 scoop? Select one: a. 320 b. 480 c. 560 d. 640

d. 640; Scoop sizes are based on the number of scoops it takes to fill a 32 fl oz container. A number 16 scoop holds ¼ cup (2 fl oz). 32/16=2fl oz, there are 128oz/gallon 128*10=1280/2oz= 640 #16 scoops

What is included in the study of demographics? I. age of individuals II. population statistics III. sex of individualsIV. socioeconomic factors Select one: a. I only b. all of the above c. II, III d. I, II, III

d. I, II, III; The study of demographics includes ages, population statistics, and sex of individuals. It does not always include socioeconomic factors unless it pertains to the research.

Why should a manager not allow employees to wear long jewelry in the kitchen? Select one: a. to prevent showing off to other workers b. sanitation considerations c. possible theft d. employee safety

d. employee safety

For which of the following diseases is diet therapy the primary treatment? Select one: a. peptic ulcer b. diabetes c. Wilson's disease d. galactosemia

d. galactosemia; Galactosemia is an inborn error in metabolism in which infants cannot tolerate foods with galactose or lactose and it causes vomiting, lethargy and FTT. Patients with peptic ulcers should increase their fiber intake, diabetics should control through blood glucose, and patients with Wilson's disease should avoid copper. But the only choice where diet therapy is the PRIMARY treatment is galactosemia because a buildup of galactose in the blood will cause death.

An appropriate measurement for iron status in a local community is: Select one: a. serum iron b. transferrin c. TIBC d. hematocrit

d. hematocrit. Hematocrit is the best measurement for iron status in a local community because it is tested with a simple finger prick.

Quality circles are useful in: Select one: a. employee evaluations b. job selection and placement c. policy development d. increasing productivity

d. increasing productivity: Quality circles are small groups of employees who work together on quality improvement projects, or increasing productivity. (Gregoire, 2017, p.29)