MKTG 4280 Ch. 5 McGraw-Hill Connect

According to the _____ philosophy, people can influence their own future.

"master of destiny"

The concept, common among U.S. managers, that people have the power to influence their futures is known as the

"master of destiny" philosophy.

Which of the following are general business areas in which standard operations such as decision making and policy making present challenges?

- employment practices and policies - basic human rights and fundamental freedoms - consumer protection - environmental protection

Which of the following are characteristics of relationship-oriented cultures?

- high distance from English - collectivism - reduced transaction costs - high context

Which of the following factors are typical of the Polychronic time system?

- looser time schedules - wait-and-see-what-develops attitude - deeper involvement with individuals

Which of the following ethical principles can assist a marketer in determining what to do and how to act?

- utilitarian ethics - rights of the parties - justice or fairness

________ is essential to international marketing.

Adaptation

_____ refers to attempts to give money to someone, uncoerced, to try to gain some sort of benefit.

Bribery

Which of the following best reflects the universal question among typical corporations in the United States?

Can it be done better?

Which of the following statements about the Western focus on bribery is true?

Corruption and bribery are no longer accepted as norms.

True or false: Language should be at the bottom of the list when examining the viability of a company's website.

False (Should be at the top of the list)

Match a country's degree of prominence of status and position or PDI (in the left column) with the correct description (in the right column.)

High-PDI--> Subordinates are not likely to contradict bosses. Low-PDI--> Subordinates often contradict bosses.

Match the following types of cultures as categorized by Edward T. Hall (in the left column) with the type of communication on which they depend (in the right column.)

High-context cultures--> Depend heavily on nonverbal aspects of communication Low-context cultures-- > Depend more on explicit, verbally expressed communication

Match the forms of capitalism (in the left column) with the business systems they typify (in the right column.)

Individualistic capitalism--> Business systems are typified by adversarial relationships among labor, management, and government. Communitarian capitalism--> Business systems are typified by cooperation among government, management, and labor.

_____ occurs when factory workers are given a small amount of cash to work more quickly on a given day.

Lubrication

Western cultures such as North America, Germany, and Scandinavia tend to run on time, or M-time, which emphasizes the completion of tasks and adherence to schedules. (Enter one word in the blank.)

Monochronic

In "The Silent Language of Overseas Business," Edward T.Hall writes about the symbolic meanings, or , of such things as time, space, and friendships, and how they differ from culture to culture.

Silent Languages

True or false: One research study across 41 countries shows that the ethics of methods to influence managers are similar in all countries.

True

True or false: Participating in corruption by paying a bribe, even if other businesses are doing it, is problematic in terms of the ethics and success of a business.

True

Match the types of ethical principles (in the left column) with the questions they raise in (in the right column.)

Utilitarian ethics--> Whether an action optimizes the "common good" or benefits of all constituencies Rights of the parties--> Whether an action respects the rights of the individuals involved Justice or fairness--> Whether an action respects the canon of equality to all parties involved

Maintaining ethics and social responsibility in an international market can be challenging because

a manager must navigate all the cultural differences.

Which of the following is a fundamental concept of the American business system?

a never-ending quest for improvement

An outcome of posting a message on a public or business-to-business website is that

a reader might not interpret the message in the way the writer intended.

It should be the goal of every businessperson to

act in an ethically and socially responsible manner.

Having empathy regarding another person's way of thinking can result in better cultural understanding, which in turn leads to overcoming cultural barriers and a tendency toward

adaptation

In the process of adaptation, business executives must

be conscious of local customs.

Ronald, a marketing executive at Renaissance Corp., offers a government official payment in exchange for tax deductions on advertisements on government property. Ronald is engaged in

bribery.

According to Edward T. Hall, ______ is not only about words.

communication

In contrast to managers and policymakers in other cultures, Western managers favor

competition

The belief that _____ is necessary for efficiency, as well as improvement and regeneration, is a key concept in U.S. business practices.

competition

For those raised and educated in countries with Marxist ideals, profits may be considered a type of

corruption.

Managers and professionals at different levels can exert power and have ownership of their roles and tasks through the process of

decentralized decision making.

Development of organizations and progression of business management eventually lead to

decentralized management decision making.

In U.S. businesses, the power and task of making decisions are handled by lower management, which means decisions are

decentralized.

International business ethics are complicated by the fact that

different cultures have different customs and beliefs.

When adhering to a custom is not mandatory but is allowed, that custom is a cultural

elective.

Customs that someone from a different culture desires to acknowledge and adhere to but that are not considered to be deal breakers are known as cultural

electives.

A government official demands that a construction company give him money before he will sign off on the continuation of a building project. He threatens to cancel the project and withdraw government funding. The government official is engaged in

extortion.

When a person in power forces someone to make a payment for something that does not require any payment, the person is engaged in

extortion.

David McClelland's worldwide study of goals and aspirations revealed that some cultures value a _____ more strongly than financial gains or job status.

good personal life

Relationship-oriented cultures are characterized by

high power distance.

The anthropologist Edward T. Hall categorized cultures using a

high-context/low-context continuum.

Successful business people are aware that in some cultures, forming friendly relations is a critical first step that must be taken before any business negotiations can commence. In other words, establishing friendships is a cultural

imperative.

The customs that should be adhered to for a business relationship to be successful are known as cultural

imperatives

A key philosophy of U.S. businesses is that _____ is a tool for social action.

independent enterprise

Which of the following is an important factor for Americans that other countries can see as a form of corruption?

individualism

Lester Thurow made a distinction between two types of capitalism: the British-American ______ form of capitalism and the ______ form of capitalism in Japan and Germany.

individualistic; communitarian

American business relationships, in comparison to business relationships in other cultures, are generally considered to be

informal and casual.

Mainland Inc., an American investment firm, encourages its employees to address their colleagues and seniors by their first names. This scenario describes the American characteristic of

informality

A characteristic of polychronic time is that

interruptions are routine and delays are expected.

One broad area in which a company faces challenges in normal business operations is

involvement in a country's political affairs.

A type of bribery that includes a small fee or gift to a low-level bureaucrat in a country that does not ban such payments is known as

lubrication.

Unlike American companies, organizations in many other countries have not demonstrated a rapid acceptance of and adaptation to a ______ orientation.

marketing

Profits are directly tied to the success of a company's

marketing orientation.

The time system specified by Edward T. Hall that treats time as something palpable in that it can be wasted or spent is known as

monochronic time.

Some ancient cultures that valued decadent lifestyles viewed work as an unwelcome component that interfered with the

search for pleasure or a good personal life.

In the United States, a corporation is considered to be a(n) _____ social institution, one with rules, regulations, and an established presence.

separate and vital

A fundamental concept in American business culture is _____, which complements the ideas of merit-based promotion and power over one's future.

sharing in decision making

To succeed in international business, businesspeople must count on the

strong support of the firm.

A payment intended to influence an official to either ignore or commit an illegal activity is called

subornation.

A variation of bribery that includes significant amounts of money paid to an official in the hopes that the official will illegally help the payer is known as

subornation.

Unlike egalitarian countries, countries that value and emphasize status and position place more importance on

the status of business colleagues and clients.

The respect a businessperson commands in international business depends on

training and the backing of the firm.

To ensure adequate adaptation, business executives must be willing to

understand that cultural differences may generate confusion and frustration.