MMSC436 Practice Quiz 4 Tumor Antigens

The most specific tumor marker for prostatic cancer is: A. Alpha-fetoprotein B. Prostate specific antigen C. Prostatic acid phosphatase D. Human chorionic gonadotropin

B. Prostate specific antigen

Calculate the sensitivity for the following data: in a group of 80 patients diagnosed with sickle cell disease, 72 tested positively for it. The sensitivity of this test is: A. 75%. B. 111%. C. 90%. D. 100%.

C. 90%.

The oncofetal antigen associated with liver cancer is: A. PSA B. hCG C. AFP D. CEA

C. AFP

An oncofetal antigen commonly used to assess recurrence of tumor growth following removal of a colon tumor would be: A. AFP. B. CA 125. C. CEA. D. cathepsin D.

C. CEA.

Which type of cancer is associated with the highest level of AFP? A. Breast cancer B. Ovarian cancer C. Hepatoma D. Testicular cancer

C. Hepatoma

What is the primary clinical utility of measuring CEA? A. Diagnosis of colorectal cancer B. Diagnosis of liver cancer C. Monitoring for recurrence of cancer D. Screening for cancers of endodermal origin

C. Monitoring for recurrence of cancer

Which of the following assays is recommended as a screening test for colorectal cancer in persons over age 50 years? A. Fecal trypsin B. AFP C. Occult blood D. CEA

C. Occult blood

Which of the following statements concerning oncofetal antigens is incorrect? A. Oncofetal antigens are sometimes glycoproteins. B. Oncofetal antigens are found as normal proteins in an embryo. C. Oncofetal antigens are synthesized by placental trophoblasts. D. An example of an oncofetal antigen is alpha-fetoprotein.

C. Oncofetal antigens are synthesized by placental trophoblasts.

In general, in which of the following situations is the analysis of a glycoprotein tumor marker, such as carbohydrate-associated antigen-125 (CA-125), most useful? A. Screening B. Prognosis C. Testing for recurrence D. Diagnosis

C. Testing for recurrence

A 55-year-old male with early-stage prostate cancer diagnosed through biopsy had his prostate gland removed (simple prostatectomy). His PSA prior to surgery was 10.0 ng/mL. If the surgery was successful in completely removing the tumor cells, what would the PSA result be 1 month after surgery? A. Less than 10 ng/Ml B. Less than 4 ng/mL C. Undetectable D. 1 to 3 ng/mL

C. Undetectable

Follicular lymphoma occurs when the: A. c-abl proto-oncogene and the BCR gene on a chromosome reciprocally translocate. B. HER-2/neu gene is overamplified, causing excess p105 to be released. C. bcl-2 gene on chromosome 18 is translocated to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus on chromosome 14. D. c-myc gene becomes juxtaposed to the heavy-chain locus on chromosome 14.

C. bcl-2 gene on chromosome 18 is translocated to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus on chromosome 14.

A physical agent, such as exposure to ultraviolet light for an extended period of time, or a biological agent, such as a virus, may cause cancer. These agents are referred to as: A. oncogenes. B. tumor suppressors. C. carcinogens. D. tumor markers.

C. carcinogens.

Proto-oncogenes are present in the human genome to serve the function of: A. virus suppressors. B. directors of apoptosis. C. regulators of cell growth and proliferation. D. repairmen of DNA.

C. regulators of cell growth and proliferation.

CEA is most commonly associated with: A. Myelocytic leukemia B. Breast cancer C. Ovarian cancer D. Colon cancer

D. Colon cancer

Which of the following enzymes is increased in persons with prostate and small cell lung cancer? A. Lactate dehydrogenase B. Amylase C. Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) D. Creatine kinase-1 (CK-1)

D. Creatine kinase-1 (CK-1)

A person is suspected of having testicular cancer. Which type of hCG test would be the most useful? A. Plasma immunoassay for intact hCG only B. Urine assay for hCG β-core C. Plasma immunoassay for the free alpha and beta-hCG subunits D. Plasma immunoassay for intact hCG and the β-hCG subunit

D. Plasma immunoassay for intact hCG and the β-hCG subunit

The properties of an ideal tumor marker include all of the following, except it should: A. not be present in healthy people. B. be specific for a given type of cancer. C. be produced by tumor cells and detectable in body fluids. D. be able to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors.

D. be able to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors.

Which of the following statements regarding PSA is true? A. Complexed PSA in plasma is normally less than free PSA (fPSA) B. A total PSA greater than 10 ng/mL is diagnostic of malignant disease C. A total PSA less than 4 ng/mL rules out malignant disease D. fPSA less than 25% is a risk factor for malignant disease

D. fPSA less than 25% is a risk factor for malignant disease

Proteins found in normal fetal tissue and also in certain tumors are referred to as: A. oncogenes. B. embryonic proteins. C. tumor-associated antigens. D. oncofetal antigens.

D. oncofetal antigens.

The fraction of a truly positive population among the positives in a given test is referred to as the: A. clinical sensitivity. B. negative predictive value. C. prevalence. D. positive predictive value.

D. positive predictive value.

Clinical assays for tumor markers are most important for: A. Monitoring the course of a known cancer B. Confirming the absence of disease C. Screening for the presence of cancer D. Identifying patients at risk for cancer

A.

Which of the following tumor markers is used to monitor persons with breast cancer for recurrence of disease? A. CA-15-3 B. Estrogen receptor (ER) C. Retinoblastoma gene D. Cathepsin-D

A. CA-15-3

A person has elevated 24-hour urinary HVA and VMA levels. Urinary metanephrines, chromogranin A, and neuron-specific enolase levels are also elevated, but the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) level is within the reference range. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Neuroblastoma B. Pheochromocytoma C. Pancreatic cancer D. Carcinoid tumors of the intestine

A. Neuroblastoma

AFP and CEA are examples of which type of tumor marker? A. Oncofetal antigen B. Hormone C. Enzyme D. Carcinoma-associated antigen

A. Oncofetal antigen

To calculate the sensitivity of a laboratory test to correctly classify true positives, one must first know the number of: A. true positives and false negatives. B. true positives and false positives. C. false positives and false negatives. D. true negatives and false positives.

A. true positives and false negatives.

Which of the following genetic markers is associated with breast cancer? A. CA-125 B. BRCA-1 and -2 C. WT1 D. Rb

B. BRCA-1 and -2

The carcinoma-associated tumor antigen most useful for following patients with ovarian cancer is: A. CA 15-3 B. CA 125 C. CEA D. CA 72-4

B. CA 125

Which one of the following tumor markers is not a carbohydrate-related tumor marker with its most important clinical use in the assessment of breast cancer recurrence? A. CA 549 B. CA 125 C. CA 27.29 D. CA 15-3

B. CA 125

Tumor-associated antigens composed of high-molecular-weight mucin-like glycoproteins include: A. PSA and AFP B. CA 125 and CA 19-9 C. p53 and Rb D. BRCA-1 and -2

B. CA 125 and CA 19-9

Which of the following is the best analyte to monitor for recurrence of ovarian cancer? A. CEA B. CA-125 C. CA-15-3 D. CA-19-9

B. CA-125

Which of the following is NOT commonly used as a tumor marker? A. Alpha-fetoprotein B. Cortisol C. Prostate specific antigen D. Carcinoembryonic antigen

B. Cortisol

A patient treated for a germ cell tumor has a total and free β-hCG assay performed prior to surgery. The result is 40,000 mIU/mL. One week after surgery, the hCG is 5,000 mIU/mL. Chemotherapy is started, and the hCG is measured 1 week later and found to be 10,000 mIU/mL. What does this indicate? A. Recurrence of the tumor B. Transient hCG increase caused by chemotherapy C. Analytical error with the test reported as 5,000 mIU/mL D. Falsely increased hCG as a result of drug interference with the assay

B. Transient hCG increase caused by chemotherapy

Nondiseased individuals that are classified as diseased by having a positive result on a specific laboratory test are considered: A. false negatives. B. false positives. C. true negatives. D. true positives.

B. false positives.

Activated forms of normal cellular genes are termed: A. oncofetal antigens. B. oncogenes. C. pre-oncogenes. D. proto-oncogenes.

B. oncogenes.

Which of the following assays is used to determine the risk of cancer? A. c-erb B-2 gene expression B. p53 gene mutation C. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) D. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen

B. p53 gene mutation

The proportion of a population that has the particular disease being studied is referred to as the: A. clinical sensitivity. B. prevalence. C. positive value. D. predictive value.

B. prevalence.