MMSC436: Quiz 4

Which of the following genetic markers is associated with breast cancer? a. BRCA-1 and -2 b. CA-125 c. WT1 d. Rb

a. BRCA-1 and -2

The carcinoma-associated tumor antigen most useful for following patients with ovarian cancer is: a. CA 125 b. CEA c. CA 72-4 d. CA 15-3

a. CA 125

Which of the following is the best analyte to monitor for recurrence of ovarian cancer? a. CA-125 b. CEA c. CA-15-3 d. CA-19-9

a. CA-125

An oncofetal antigen commonly used to assess recurrence of tumor growth following removal of a colon tumor would be: a. CEA b. CA 125 c. cathepsin D d. AFP

a. CEA

What is the primary clinical utility of measuring CEA? a. monitoring for recurrence of cancer b. diagnosis of liver cancer c. screening for cancers of endodermal origin d. diagnosis of colorectal cancer

a. monitoring for recurrence of cancer

the fraction of a truly positive population among the positives in a given test is referred to as the: a. positive predictive value b. clinical sensitivity c. negative predictive value d. prevalence

a. positive predictive value

The proportion of a population that has the particular disease being studied is referred to as the: a. prevalence b. positive value c. clinical sensitivity d. predictive value

a. prevalence

Tumor-associated antigens composed of high-molecular-weight mucin-like glycoproteins include: a. PSA and AFP b. CA 125 and CA 19-9 c. BRCA-1 and -2 d. p53 and Rb

b. CA 125 and CA 19-9

follicular lymphoma occurs when the: a. c-myc gene becomes juxtaposed to the heavy-chain locus on chromosome 14 b. bcl-2 gene on chromosome 18 is translocated to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus on chromosome 14 c. HER-2/neu gene is over-amplified, causing excess p105 to be released d. c-abl proto-oncogene and the BCR gene on chromosome reciprocally translocate

b. bcl-2 gene on chromosome 18 is translocated to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus

CEA is most commonly associated with: a. ovarian cancer b. colon cancer c. breast cancer d. myelocytic leukemia

b. colon cancer

Which type of cancer is associated with the highest level of AFP? a. testicular cancer b. hepatoma c. breast cancer d. ovarian cancer

b. hepatoma

Proteins found in normal fetal tissue and also in certain tumors are referred to as: a. oncogenes b. oncofetal antigens c. embryonic proteins d. tumor-associated antigens

b. oncofetal antigens

Which of the following assays is used to determine risk of cancer? a. epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) b. p53 gene mutation c. squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen d. c-erb b-2 gene expression

b. p53 gene mutation

Proto-oncogenes are present in the human genome to serve the function of: a. virus suppressors b. regulators of cell growth and proliferation c. repairmen of DNA d. director of apoptosis

b. regulators of cell growth and proliferation

A patient tested for a germ cell tumor has a total and free B-hCG assay performed prior to surgery. The result is 40,000 mIU/mL. One week after surgery, the hCG is 5,000 mIU/mL. Chemotherapy is started, and the hCG is measure 1 week later and found to be 10,000 mIU/mL. What does this indicate? a. falsely increased hCG as a result of drug interference with the assay b. transient hCG increase cause by chemotherapy c. recurrence of the tumor d. analytical error with the test reported as 5,000 mIU/mL

b. transient hCG increase cause by chemotherapy

Calculate the sensitivity for the following data: in a group of 80 patients diagnosed with sickle cell disease, 72 tested positively for it. The sensitivity of this test is: a. 111% b. 100% c. 90% d. 75%

c. 90%

Which of the following tumor markers is used to monitors persons with breast cancer for recurrence of disease? a. retinoblastoma gene b. Cathepsin-D c. CA-15-3 d. estrogen receptor (ER)

c. CA-15-3

The properties of an ideal tumor marker include all of the following except it should: a. not be present in healthy people b. be specific for a given type of cancer c. be able to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors d. be precessed by tumor cells and detectable in body fluids

c. be able to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors

Which of the following is not. commonly used as a tumor marker? a. alpha-fetoprotein b. prostate specific antigen c. cortisol d. carcinoembryonic antigen

c. cortisol

Nondiseased individuals that are classified as diseased by having a positive result on a specific laboratory test are considered: a. true negatives b. true pos c. false pos d. false neg

c. false pos

Clinical assays for tumor markers are most important for: a. screening for the presence of cancer b. identifying patients at risk for cancer c. monitoring the course of a known cancer d. confirming the absence of disease

c. monitoring the course of a known cancer

Activated forms of normal cellular genes are termed: a. pre-oncogenes b. proto-oncogenes c. oncogenes d. oncofetal antigens

c. oncogenes

A person is suspected of having testicular cancer. Which type of hCG test would be the most useful? a. plasma immunoassay for the free alpha and beta-hCG subunits b. urine assay for hCG B-core c. plasma immunoassay for intact hCG and the B-core subunit d. plasma immunoassay for intact hCG only

c. plasma immunoassay for intact hCG and the B-core subunit

The most specific tumor marker for prostatic cancer is : a. alpha-fetoprotein b. human chorionic gonadotropin c. prostate specific antigen d. prostatic acid phosphatase

c. prostate specific antigen

In general, in which of the following situation is the analysis of a glycoprotein tumor marker, such as carbohydrate-associated antigen-125 (CA-125), most useful? a. screening b. diagnosis c. testing for recurrence d. prognosis

c. testing for recurrence

To calculate the sensitivity of a following laboratory test to correctly classify true pos, one must first know the number of: a. true pos and false pos b. false pos and false neg c. true pos and false neg d. true neg and false pos

c. true pos and false neg

The oncofetal antigen associated with liver cancer is: a. hCG b. PSA c. CEA d. AFP

d. AFP

Which of the following tumor markers is not a carbohydrate- related tumor marker with its most important clinical use in the assessment of breast cancer recurrence? a. CA 549 b. CA 15-3 c. CA 27.29 d. CA 125

d. CA 125

A physical agent, such as exposure to ultraviolet light for extended period of time, or a biological agent, such as virus, may cause cancer. These agents are referred to as: a. tumore suppressors b. ocogenes c. tumor markers d. carcinogens

d. carcinogens

Which of the following enzymes is increased in persons with prostate and small cell lung cancer? a. lactate dehydrogenase b. gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) c. amylase d. creatine kinase-1 (CK-1)

d. creatine kinase-1 (CK-1)

Which of the following statements regarding PSA is true? a. a total PSA less than 4 ng/mL rules out malignant disease b. complexed PSA in plasma is normally less than free PSA (fPSA) c. a total PSA greater than 10 ng/mL is diagnostic of malignant disease d. fPSA less than 25% is a risk factor for malignant disease

d. fPSA less than 25% is a risk factor for malignant disease

A person has elevated 24-hour urinary HVA and VMA levels. Urinary metanephrines, chromagranin A, and neuron-specific enolase levels are also elevated, but the 5-hydroxyindoeacetic acid (5-HIAA) level is within reference range. What is most likely the diagnosis a. pancreatic cancer b. carcinoid tumor of the intestine c. pheochromocytoma d. neuroblastoma

d. neuroblastoma

Which of the following assays is recommended as a screening test for colorectal cancer is persons over age 50 years? a. AFP b. CEA c. fecal trypsin d. occult blood

d. occult blood

AFP and CEA are example of which type of tumor marker? a. hormone b. carcinoma-associated antigen c. enzyme d. oncofetal antigen

d. oncofetal antigen

Which of the following statements concerning oncofetal antigens is incorrect? a. an example of oncofetal antigen is alpha-fetoprotein b. oncofetal antigens are sometimes glycoproteins c. oncofetal antigens are found as normal proteins in an embryo d. oncofetal antigens are synthesized by placental trophoblasts

d. oncofetal antigens are synthesized by placental trophoblasts

A 55-year old male with early-stage prostate cancer is diagnosed through biopsy had his prostate gland removed (simple prostatectomy). His PSA prior to surgery was 10.0 ng/mL. if the surgery was successful is completely removing the tumor cells, what would the PSA result be one moth after surgery? a. less than 4 ng/mL b. less than 10 ng/mL c. 1 to 3 ng/mL d. undetectable

d. undetectable