MNGMNT FINAL EXAM

The perception of procedural justice in the change process can be improved by

engaging in constructive conversations.

In the dreaming stage of appreciative inquiry, participants

envision what might be.

The preemployment stage of organizational socialization would be more effective if

employers and job applicants gave and received accurate information about each other.

Corporate leaders hope ________ will eventually become the organization's culture and guide the organization's decisions and actions.

espoused values

Values that an organization wants stakeholders to believe exist, which may or may not exist in practice, are called

espoused values.

The action research model is built on the idea of collecting information from organizational members, which raises the ethical issue of

individual rights to privacy.

The open systems view of organizational behavior states that

organizations affect and are affected by their external environments.

Refreezing refers to

aligning the organization's systems with the desired behaviors to support and reinforce the new role patterns.

Which of the following best describes work-life integration?

It is important to satisfy the demands and experience the positive emotions of our various segments of life.

Which of the following statements is consistent with the concept of the contingency anchor?

A particular action may have different consequences in different situations.

What is the significance of artifacts in organizational culture?

Artifacts represent the directly observable symbols and signs of an organization's culture.

________ occurs when employees at the acquired company willingly embrace the cultural values of the acquiring organization.

Assimilation

________ are planned activities conducted specifically for the benefit of an audience.

Ceremonies

________ refers to an organization's moral obligation toward all of its stakeholders.

Corporate social responsibility

When an organization is successful in its markets and is performing well, which of the following is an effective way to create an urgency for change?

Create a future vision of a better organization.

Which of the following is a characteristic of an adaptive corporate culture?

Employees continuously question past practices.

Why is the strategy of assimilation rare?

Employees resist change when they are asked to adopt significantly different personal and corporate values.

Which of the following is a downside to an integration strategy?

It is slow and potentially risky.

Which of the following is true about using the strategy of integration for merging different corporate cultures?

It creates a new composite culture that preserves the best features of the previous cultures.

Which of these statements is true about the field of organizational behavior (OB)?

It examines how individuals and teams in organizations relate to one another and to their counterparts in other organizations.

How is an open systems perspective important to the field of organizational behavior?

It identifies organizational characteristics that "fit" some external environments better than others.

Who developed the force field analysis model?

Kurt Lewin

Which of the following best defines organizational behavior?

OB is the study of what people think, feel, and do in and around organizations.

Which of the following describes the systematic research anchor?

OB should study organizations by forming questions, collecting data, and testing hypotheses against those data.

Which of the following statements is consistent with the attraction-selection-attrition (ASA) theory?

Organizations have a natural tendency to attract, select, and retain people with values that are consistent with the organization's own culture.

________ refers to how well employees take the initiative to anticipate and introduce new work patterns that benefit the organization.

Proactive task performance

________ is a form of conflict, but change agents sometimes interpret that disagreement as relationship conflict.

Resistance

________ are unconscious, taken-for-granted perceptions or ideal prototypes of behavior that are considered the correct way to think and act toward problems and opportunities.

Shared assumptions

Which of the following organizational culture dimensions is characterized by competitiveness and a low emphasis on social responsibility?

aggressiveness

________ are employees who help newcomers make sense of and adapt to the organization.

Socialization agents

Which of these statements about organizational stories is true?

Stories are most effective at communicating corporate culture when they describe real events with real people.

Scenario C Dave Docket, the installation manager at Kleen Waterproofing, has been receiving customer complaints that several crewmembers either come late to the job or they do not show up at all, without any communication with the customers. The job completion dates keep getting delayed and customer dissatisfaction keeps increasing. Dave has also just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. Dave is wondering how he can understand what is going on with his crew behavior and what he can do to improve the situation. ________ refers to goal-directed behaviors under the individual's control that support organizational objectives.

Task performance

According to ASA theory, what is an important consideration in selection?

That the applicant's values are aligned with the company's values.

Which of the following is a reason that the study of OB is important for students?

The topics OB studies relate to skills that are highly valued by employers.

Which one of the following is true about strong cultures?

They have a stable workforce.

________ are conscious perceptions about what is good or bad, right or wrong.

Values

According to Lewin, when is an organization stable?

When the driving and restraining forces for change are roughly in equilibrium.

Whenever a team at Ads Today, an advertising firm, wins a new contract, the successful team rings a loud bell, breaks out a bottle of champagne, and puts a video of this on their website. In organizational culture, this practice would be considered

a ceremony.

A strong culture can be effective if it serves as ________ by nonconsciously directing employees so their behavior is consistent with organizational expectations.

a control system

The actions of an organization's founder impacts the culture because

a founder establishes the firm's core values.

Appreciative inquiry is often a(n) ________, which adopts a whole systems perspective.

large group intervention

By creating ________, employee involvement reduces the fear of the unknown and the not-invented-here syndrome.

a sense of ownership

How does an inclusive organization view diversity?

a valued resource

Aptitudes and learned capabilities are part of a person's overall

ability.

Which of the following types of workplace design would be indicative of a collaborative and creative culture?

an organic layout

One problem that communication, learning, and employee involvement have in minimizing resistance to change is that they

are time-consuming.

Systems and structures, which are ________, should ideally be aligned with the desired culture.

artifacts

Which of the following are the observable indicators of organizational culture?

artifacts

When the acquired firm has a weak culture, and the acquiring firm has a strong and successful culture, it is best to use the ________ merger strategy.

assimilation

According to the attraction-selection-attrition (ASA) theory, job applicants

avoid employment in companies whose values seem incompatible with their own values.

Organizational leaders can minimize cultural collisions in corporate mergers and fulfill their duty of due diligence by conducting a(n)

bicultural audit.

A cross-cultural perspective of organizational change would recognize that

change is seen as cyclical in many cultures.

A low level of employee involvement would be necessary when the

change must occur quickly in the organization.

Pilot projects require ________ in order for employees to understand how the practices in a pilot project apply to them even though they are in a completely different functional area.

clear role perceptions

According to the action research model, the ________ before diagnosing the need for change.

client-consultant relationship needs to be formed

Which of the following strategies to reduce the restraining forces should be used only if all other strategies fail?

coercion

For any organizational change, ________ should be the highest priority and the first strategy utilized.

communication

One of the first steps to minimize a cultural clash in a merger is to

conduct a bicultural audit.

Cross-cultural differences suggest that organizations adopt a(n) ________ to effectively manage change.

contingency perspective

Scenario C Dave Docket, the installation manager at Kleen Waterproofing, has been receiving customer complaints that several crewmembers either come late to the job or they do not show up at all, without any communication with the customers. The job completion dates keep getting delayed and customer dissatisfaction keeps increasing. Dave has also just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. Dave is wondering how he can understand what is going on with his crew behavior and what he can do to improve the situation. Lawrence stole a clock from his workplace. Which of the following refers to Lawrence's activity?

counterproductive behavior

Scenario C Dave Docket, the installation manager at Kleen Waterproofing, has been receiving customer complaints that several crewmembers either come late to the job or they do not show up at all, without any communication with the customers. The job completion dates keep getting delayed and customer dissatisfaction keeps increasing. Dave has also just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. Dave is wondering how he can understand what is going on with his crew behavior and what he can do to improve the situation. Examples of ________ include harassing coworkers, creating unnecessary conflicts, and sabotaging work.

counterproductive work behaviors

Organizational stories are most effective at communicating organizational culture when they

describe real people and are assumed to be true.

The main objective of force field analysis is to help change agents to

diagnose a situation better by understanding the driving and restraining forces for change.

Which of the following refers to the fact that motivation is goal-directed, not random?

direction

One important driver for organizational change is ________, meaning that leaders continually urge employees to strive for higher standards or better practices.

divine discontent

A deculturation strategy of merging two corporate cultures should be applied when

employees in the acquired firm want to hold on to their firm's culture even though it is dysfunctional.

Because of ________, employees tend to assume the worst when they are unsure whether the change will have good or bad outcomes.

fear of the unknown

The status quo bias is a form of which type of resistance to change?

fear of the unknown

An organization's culture begins with its

founders and leaders.

In the field of organizational behavior, organizations are described as

groups of people who work interdependently toward some purpose.

Which of the following may be the most important factor in the success of public-sector organizational change programs?

having a guiding coalition

What does OB view as the most important ingredient in the organization's process of transforming inputs to outputs?

human capital

The main purpose of a bicultural audit is to

identify and diagnose differences in the corporate cultures of merging organizations.

Organizational behavior emerged as a distinct field

in the early 1940s.

One function of a strong culture is that

it serves as a social control mechanism.

At one company, employees compliment each other as "being Gumby." Which artifact does this represent?

language

BusCorp wants to introduce a new procedure for processing customer requests. This will require employees to break their old routines and adopt new role patterns. BusCorp should use the ________ strategy to produce change self-efficacy.

learning

Organizational socialization is best described as a process of ________, where newcomers try to make sense of and adapt to the company's environment.

learning and adjustment

Presenteeism is more common among employees with

low job security.

Ceremonies are

more formal artifacts than rituals.

Scenario C Dave Docket, the installation manager at Kleen Waterproofing, has been receiving customer complaints that several crewmembers either come late to the job or they do not show up at all, without any communication with the customers. The job completion dates keep getting delayed and customer dissatisfaction keeps increasing. Dave has also just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. Dave is wondering how he can understand what is going on with his crew behavior and what he can do to improve the situation. Assisting coworkers with their work problems, adjusting work schedules to accommodate coworkers, and showing genuine courtesy toward coworkers are some of the forms of

organizational citizenship.

Assisting coworkers with their work problems, adjusting work schedules to accommodate coworkers, and showing genuine courtesy toward coworkers are forms of

organizational citizenship.

Which anchor recognizes that OB theories should be useful to organizations?

practical orientation

The three stages of organizational socialization, in order, are

pre-employment, encounter, and role management.

Unfreezing refers to

producing disequilibrium between the driving and restraining forces of change.

The ________ refers to the individual's beliefs about the terms and conditions of a reciprocal exchange agreement between him- or herself and an employer.

psychological contract

To reduce reality shock, organizations can use ________, which describe positive and negative aspects of a job.

realistic job previews

Change agents should introduce new rewards and utilize information systems in order to

refreeze the desired conditions.

Due to ______, many employees wish for "greater clarity about what the organization needs from me."

role ambiguity

Resolving conflicts between work and nonwork activities mainly occurs during the ________ stage of socialization.

role management

To truly understand an organization's culture one should

sample information from a variety of artifacts.

Which strategy for merging two distinct cultures is most appropriate when the two merging companies are in unrelated industries or operate in different countries?

separation

Many experts believe that ________, which are nonconscious, taken-for-granted perceptions or ideal prototypes of behavior, are the essence of organizational culture.

shared assumptions

Resistance to change

should be viewed as task conflict.

A viral change process relies on ________ to improve the change process.

social networks

The topic of corporate social responsibility is most closely associated with the ________ perspective.

stakeholder

Which of the following elements of culture can be a spawning ground for emerging values that keep the firm aligned with the changing environment?

subcultures

A productive approach to change is to view it as

task conflict.

An employee's readiness for change depends on which model of individual behavior?

the MARS model

All of the following could result in reality shock except

the company provided a realistic job preview.

One important recent trend in employment relationships has been

the growth of indirect employment.

Which of the following is most closely associated with corporate social responsibility?

triple bottom line