Mock Boards OB/GYN
The right ovarian artery branches off of the _______
Aorta
the space of retzius is located: ___________
between the bladder and pubic bone
the recesses of the vagina are the ___________
fornices
The layer of the endometrium that is significantly altered as a result of hormonal stimulation during the menstrual cycle is the?
functional layer
The vagina is located ________ to the uterus
inferior
The uterine artery branches off of the __________
internal iliac artery
The superior portion of the cervix is _______
internal os
abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual flow between periods is termed ______
menometrorrhagia
the paired embyronic ducts that develop into the female urogenital tract are the?
mullerian ducts
leiomyomas that project from a stalk are termed ______
pedunculated
what leiomyoma location would have an increased risk to undergo torsion?
pedunculated
The muscles that may be confused with the ovaries on a pelvic sonogram include the _______________?
piriformis and iliopsoas muscles
The bilateral muscles that are located posterior to and extend from the sacrum to the femoral greater trochanter are the ________ muscles
piriformis muscles
what will pelvic bones produce when visualized on sonography?
posterior shadowing
Where would fluid posterior to the uterus most likely be located?
pouch of douglas
another name for the rectouterine pouch is the ____________
pouch of douglas
what is the more common uterine anomaly? - bicornis univernus - bicornis bicollis - uterus didelphys - septate uterus
septate uterus
What fibroid location would most likely result in abnormal uterine bleeding because of its relationship to the endometrium?
submucosal
upon sonographic evaluation of a patient complaining of abnormal distention, ou visualize a large, hypoechoic mass distorting the anterior border of the uterus. what is the most likely location of this mass?
subserosal
The urinary bladder, uterus, and ovaries are located within the true or false pelvis
true pelvis
What structure within the female pelvis lies posterior to the urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum
uterus
precocious puberty is defined as the development of pubic hair, breasts, and the genitals before the age of ______
8
The right ovarian vein drains directly into the ________
IVC
What is a prolapsed vagina?
a condition that results from the weakening of the pelvic diaphragm muscles and allows for the displacement of the uterus, often through the vagina
the invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus is referred to as _____?
adenomyosis
peritoneal spaces located posterior to the broad ligament are referred to as the _____________
adnexa
absence of menstruation is referred to as?
amenorrhea
which of the following is typically not a complaint of women who are suffering from adenomyosis? - amenorrhea - dysmenorrhea - dyspareunia - menometrorrhagia
amenorrhea
the uterine position in which the corpus tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix describes _________
anteflexion
the normal position of the uterus is _________
anteverted
The peripheral arteries of the uterus are the ____________
arcuate arteries
the outer layer of the endometrium is the _______
basal layer
pseudoprecocious puberty may be associated with all of the following except? - myometrium - endometrial cavity - functional layer - basal layer
brain tumor
The pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis is the: _______________
broad ligament
The sonographic pelvic examination of a female patient reveals an extensive amount of ascites. In the transverse plane, you visualize two echogenic structures extending from the side walls of the uterus to the pelvic side walls bilaterally. These structures are most likely:
broad ligaments
The ligament that houses the vasculature of the uterus is the ________ ligament
cardinal ligament
the rigid region of the uterus located between the vagina and the isthmus is the____
cervix
The abdominal aorta bifurcates into the ______
common iliac arteries
the area of attachment of the fallopian tubes to the uterus is the __________
cornua
the largest part of the uterus is the ________
corpus
sonographic findings of adenomyosis
diffuse, enlarged uterus; myometrial cysts; hypoechoic areas adjacent to the endometrium
what is difficult or painful intercourse referred to as?
dyspareunia
What is the inner mucosal lining of the uterus?
endometrium
the inferior portion of the cervix closest to the vagina is the ________
external os
the uterine arteries supply what?
fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus
the most superior and widest portion of the uterus is the ___________?
fundus
a 24 year old female patient presents to the sonography department for a pelvic sonogram due to indication of pelvic pain. upon sonographic interrogation, the sonographer notes an anechoic mass within the vagina. what does this mass represent?
gartner duct cyst
a 13 year old present to the sonography department with a history of cyclic pain, abdominal swelling, and amenorrhea. sonographically, you visualize an enlarged uterus and a distended vagina that contains anechoic fluid with debris. what is the most likely diagnosis?
hematocolpos
a simple fluid accumulation within the vagina secondary to an imperforate hymen is ________
hydrocolpos
anechoic fluid noted distending the uterus and vagina within a pediatric patient is termed _________
hydrometrocolpos
Pelvic bones, when visualized sonographically appear?
hyperechoic
how do pelvic muscle appear?
hypoechoic
the paired muscles that are located lateral to the uterus and anterior to the iliac crest are the ________
iliopsoas muscles
the location of a fibroid within the myometrium is termed __________
intramural
the innominate bones of the pelvis consist of_______?
ischium, ilium, and pubic bones
what section of the uterus is also refereed to as the lower uterine segment?
isthmus
The left ovarian veins drains directly into the________?
left renal vein
prolapse of the pelvic organs most often involves which muscle group?
levator ani and coccygeus muscles
The pelvic muscle group that is located between the coccyx and the pubis is the ______________
levator ani muscles
the true pelvis is delineated from the false pelvis by the _________?
linea terminalis
A patient present to the sonography department for a pelvic sonogram with a history of adenomyosis that was diagnosed following an MRI of the pelvis. What are the most likely sonographic findings?
myometrial cysts with enlargement of the posterior uterine wall
a 38 year old female patient presents to the sonography department for a pelvic sonogram with an indication of pelvic pain. an anechoic mass within the cervix is noted, this mass most likely represents a ___________
nabothian cyst
The muscle located lateral to the ovaries is the ____________
obturator internus muscle
The ovary is supplied blood by the ______ and _________ artery
ovarian artery and uterine artery
The pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary and extends from the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus is the ____________
ovarian ligament
what is considered the most dependent part of the peritoneal cavity?
pouch of douglas
which vessels supply blood to the deeper layers of the myometrium?
radial arteries
both the straight and spiral arteries are branches of the:
radial artery
what is most indicative of a leiomyosarcoma?
rapid growth
Which of the following are the paired abdominal muscles that extend from the xiphon process of the sternum to the pubic bone
rectus abdominis muscles
what other term is used to describe the space of retzius?
retropubic space
what congenital malformation of the uterus is common and has a clear association with an increased risk for spontaneous abortion?
septate uterus
The arteries that directly supply blood to the functional layer of the endometrium are the ________________
spiral artery
leiomyosarcoma of the uterus denotes:
the malignant fibroid
the surgical removal of a fibroid is termed __________
myomectomy
all of the following are clinical findings associated with a leiomyoma except: - myometrial cysts - infertility - palpable pelvic mass - menorrhagia
myometrial cysts
The pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary to the pelvic side wall is the _________ ligament
suspensory ligament of the ovary
congenital malformation of the uterus that results in complete duplication of the genital tract is ____________
uterus didelphys
Fluid noted anterior to the uterus would most likely be located within the ____________
vesicouterine pouch
the anterior cul de sac is also referred to as ________
vesicouterine pouch