MOD 3-21

What is the median of the following distribution scores: 1, 3, 7, 7, 2,8, 4? A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

D

the group exposed to a newly created drug that is being tested in an experiment is called the ___ group A control B standardized baseline C baseline D experimental

D

Professor carter observes and records the behavior of grocery shoppers as they select items to purchase. Which type of research is professor carter using? A survey research B case study C experimentation D naturalistic observation

D

Providing children with a safe heaven in times of stress contributes most directly to A habituation B Stranger anxiety C Object permanence D secure attachment

D

Psychological theories A organize scientific observations B explain observed facts C generate hypotheses D do all of these things

D

A child can be born a drug addicts because A drugs used by the mother will pass into the childs bloodstream B addiction is an inherited personality trait C drugs used by the mother create genetic defects in her chromosomes D the fetus blood has not yet developed a resistance to drugs

A

A correlation of +0.70 between children's physical height and their popularity among their peers indicates that A higher levels of popularity among peers is associated with greater physical height in children B there is no statistically significant relationship between children's height and their popularity C being unusually short or tall has a negative impact on children's popularity D. Children height has no casual impact

A

A sample average can be used to estimate a population average with greater precision if the sample is A large B a skewed distribution C highly variable D vivd and memorable

A

An ongoing study of 1100 children in 10 american cities has found that those who had spent the most time in day care facilities had A slightly advanced thinking and language skills and an increased rate of aggressiveness B Slightly inferior thinking and language skills and decreased rate of aggressiveness D slightly inferior thinking and language skills and an increased rate of aggressiveness

A

In a psychological experiment the factor that may be influenced by the manipulated experimental treatment is called the _____ variable A dependent B experimental C control D independent

A

In a well controlled experiment, researchers seek to minimize A confounding variables B informed consent C replication D random assignment

A

Mrs Carmichael secretly dabs some lip stick on the nose of her 2 year old son and then allows him to see his face in a mirror. The child is most likely to A touch his own nose B touch the mirror image as if it were another child C wave at his mirror image as if it were another child D assimilate the lipstick mark into his existing self concept

A

Professor shalet contends that parents and children have similar levels of intelligence largely because they share common genes. His idea is best described as a(n) A theory B replication C naturalistic observation D operational definition

A

Researchers control factors that might influence a dependent variable by means of A. Random Assignment B replication C naturalistic observation D operational definitions

A

The _______ can be particularly misleading indication of what is average for a ______ A mean; skewed B median; skewed C mean; normal D median; Normal

A

To assess the impact o test difficulty on persistence of effort researchers plan to give one group of children relatively easy tests and another group more difficult tests. To reduce the chances that the children in one group are more intelligent than those in other group the researchers should make use of A random assignment B the double blind procedure C naturalistic observation D operational definition

A

When mr adams calculated his students algebra test scores, he noticed that two students had extremely low scores. Which measure of central tendency is affected most by the scores of these two students? A mean B standard deviation C mode D median

A

When placed in strange situations without their artificial mothers, the Harlows infant monkeys demonstrated signs of A insecure attachement B egocentrism C basic trust D curiosity

A

When tommys mother hides his favorite toy under a blanket he acts as though it no longer exists and makes no attempt to retrieve it. Tommy is clearly near the beginning of Piagets_______ stage A sensorimotor B formal operational C concrete operational D preoperational

A

Which of the following correlation coefficients express the weakest degree of relationship between two variables? A-0.12 B -0.99 C + 0.25 D-0.50

A

Which of the following is a statistical measure of both the direction and the strength of a relationship between two variables? A correlation coefficient B standard deviation C range D mean

A

A child's temperament is likely to be A continuity and stages B stability over time C a product of parenting style D a reelection of his or her thinking

B

A hypothesis is a (n) A observable relationship between specific independent and dependent variables B testable prediction that gives direction to research C set of principles that organizes observations and explains newly discovered facts D unprovable assumption about the unobservable process that underline psychological functioning

B

A statistically significant difference between two sample groups is NOT likely to be A a reflection of differences between the population they represent B due to chance variation within and between the sample groups C observed more than 5 percent of the time the groups are compared D observed when the two groups are very large

B

Authoritative parents are likely to have children who A are obedient but have low self esteem B have high self esteem and are self reliant C have high self esteem but are somewhat dependent D are rebellious and have low self esteem

B

Cognition refers to A an emotional tie linking one person with another B The mental activities associated with thinking knowing remembering and communicating C any process that facilities the physical development of the brain D any process of change that accompanies maturation

B

Evidence that easy relaxed infants develop secure attachments more readily than difficult emotionally intense babies would illustrate the importance of A egocentrism B temperament C conservation D object permanence

B

In a pleasant but unfamiliar setting infants with secure maternal attachment are most likely to A act as though their mothers are of little importance to them B use their mothers as a base from which to explore the new surroundings C cling to their mothers and ignore the new surroundings D show hostility when their mother approach them after a brief absence

B

In a study of factors that might affect memory research participants were assigned to drink either an alcoholic or a nonalcoholic beverage prior to completing a memory test. Those who drank the nonalcoholic beverage were assigned to the _____ group A survey B control C experimental D correlational

B

Maturation refers to A the acquisition of socially acceptable behaviors B biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience C any learned behavior patterns that accompany personal growth and development D physical and sexual development for early adolescence

B

One study found that english speaking adults could relearn subtle sound contrasts in the Hindu or Zulu they had spoken as children even though they had no_______ the hindu or Zulu language they had once spoken A personal curiosity B conscious memory of C basic trust regarding D role confusion associated with

B

Professor Ober carefully observes and records the behaviors of children in their classrooms in order to track the development of their social and intellectual skills. Professor over is most clearly engaged in A survey research B naturalistic observation C experimentation D replication

B

Psychologists who view the developmental process as a sequence of distinct stages generally believe that ________ is ( are) the same for everyone A both the oder and the timing of the stages B the order but not the timing of the stages C the timing but not the order of the stages d neither the order nor the timing of the stages

B

Questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most directly relevant to the issues of A continuity and stages B stability and change C nature and nurture D primary and secondary sex characteristics

B

Random samples provide _____ estimates of population averages if the samples have small_____ A good; means B good; standard deviations C poor; means D poor; standard deviations

B

Suppose that people who watch a lot of violence on TV are also particularly likely to behave aggressively. This relationship wood NOT necessarily indicate that watching violence influences aggressive behavior because A there was no control group B association does not prove causation C sampling extreme cases leads to false generalizations D the sample was not randomly selected

B

The biggest danger of relying on case study evidence is that it A is based on naturalistic observation B may be unrepresentative of what is generally true C overestimates the importance of operational definitions D leads us to underestimate the casual relationships between events

B

The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution is the A mean B range C median D standard deviation

B

The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome are most likely to include A egocentrism B brain abnormalities C habituation D autism

B

To assess whether sense of humor is affected by sexual stimulation, researchers exposed married couples to either sexually stimulating or to sexually non stimulating movie scenes prior to watching a comedy skit. In this research, the independent variable consisted of A reactions to the comedy skit B level of sexual stimulation C marital status D sense of humor

B

To represent the correlation between two variables graphically researchers often construct a A skewed distribution B scatterplot C standard deviation D bar graph

B

To understand the unusual behavior of an adult client a clinical psychologist carefully investigates the clients current life situation and his physical social cultural and educational history. Which research method has the psychologist used? A the survey B the case study C experimentation D naturalistic observation

B

What is the mode of the following distribution: 8,2,1,1,3,7,6,2,0,2, A 1 B 2 C 3 D 7

B

When placed between a gauze breast pad from their nursing mothers bra week old nursing babies are likely to A Move their eyes in a visual search for their mother B turn their head toward the smell of their mothers pad C open their mouth in a vigorous search for a nipple D demonstrate signs of stranger anxiety

B

Which of the following factors contributes most positively to the development of secure attachment between human infants and their mothers? A Theory of mind B responsive parenting C stranger anxiety D authoritarian discipline

B

Which psychologist was most influential in shaping our understanding of cognitive development A Konrad Lorenz B jean Paiget C sigmund Freud d Erik Erikson

B

Which psychologist was most influential in shaping our underwing of cognitive development? A Konrad lorenz B jean piaget C sigmund freud D Erik erikson

B

Which research method runs the greatest rick of collecting evidence that may be unrepresentative of what is generally true? A naturalistic observation B the case study C experimentation D the survey

B

Women start to grow immature eggs at puberty A ture B false

B

in which type of research is a representative random sample of people asked to answer questions about their behaviors or attitudes? A experimentation B The survey C the case study D naturalistic observation

B

to compare the pace of life in different countries investigators measured the speed with which postal clerks completed a simple request. Which research method did this illustrate? A the case study B naturalistic observation C the double blind procedure D the survey

B

A negative correlation between peoples work related stress and their marital happiness would indicate that A. work related stress has a negative impact on marital happiness B. marital unhappiness promotes work related stress C higher levels of marital happiness are associated with lower levels of work related stress D marital happiness has no casual influence on work related stress

C

According to Paiget, schemas are A fixed sequences of cognitive developmental stages B children's ways of coming to terms with their sexuality C peoples conceptual frameworks for understanding their experiences D problem solving strategies that are typically not developed until the formal operational stage

C

According to Piaget egocentrism refers to A a sensorimotor need for self stimulation as evidenced in thumb sucking B young children's exaggerated nterst in themselves and their own pleasure C the difficulty perceiving things from another persons point of view D a failure to realize that things continue to exist even when they are not visible

C

Babies are born with several reflexes for getting food. One of these is to A with draw a limb to escape pain B turn the head aways from a cloth placed over the face C open the mouth in search of a nipple when touched on the cheek D look longer at face like images

C

Both the researchers and the participants in a memory study are ignorant about which participants have actually received a potentially memory enhancing drug and which have received a placebo. This investigation involves the use of A naturalistic observation B random sampling C the double blind procedure D replication

C

Both the researchers and the participants in a memory study are ignorant about which participants have actually received potentially memory enchanting drug and which have received a placebo. This investigation involves the use of A naturalistic observation B random sampling C the double blind procedure D replication

C

Compared with authoritarian parents authoritative parents are likely to be A more conservative B less educated C more responsive D less trusting

C

Dr joan goodman is studying how memory changes as people get older. She is most likely a(n) _____ psychologist A social B cognitive C developmental D experimental

C

During the course of successful prenatal development a human organism begins as an A Zygote and finally develops into an embryo B embryo and finally develops into a fetus C zygote and finally develops into a fetus D fetus and finally develops into an embryo

C

Every twenty fifth person who subscribed to a weekly news magazine was contacted by market researchers to complete a survey of opinions regarding the magazines content. The researchers were applying the technique know as A. naturalistic observation B the double- blind procedure C. Random sampling D replication

C

Human sperm cells_____ than egg cells A are larger B contain more genes C are smaller D contain fewer genes

C

If children cannot grasp the principle of conservation they are unable to A deal with the discipline of toilet training B see things from the point of view of another person C recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape D retain earlier schemas when confronted by new experiences

C

If the correlation between the physical weight and reading ability of children is +0.85 this would indicate that A there is very little statistical relationship between weight and reading ability among children B low body weight has a negative effect on the reading abilities of children C better reading ability is associated with greater physical weight among children D body weight has no casual influence on the reading abilities of children

C

In a study of the effects of drinking alcohol, some participants drank a nonalcoholic beverage that actually smelled and tasted like alcohol. this nonalcoholic drink was a A dependent variable B replication C placebo D double blind

C

In a written report of their research psychologist specify exactly how anxiety is assessed thus providing their readers which an A hypothesis B independent variable C operational definition D standard deviation

C

In which type of research would an investigator manipulate one factor and observe its effect on some behavior or mental process A the survey B the case study C experimentation D naturalistic observation

C

Infant motor development is typically characterized by individual differences in _______ of the major developmental milestones A both the sequence and the age related timing B the sequence but not the age related timing C the age related timing but not the sequence D neither the sequence nor the age related timing

C

Instead of happily exploring the attractive toys located in the pediatrician waiting room little Sandra tenaciously clings to her mothers skirt. Sandra most clearly shows signs of A habituation B egocentrism C insecure attachment D accommodation

C

Olivia understand her wold primarily by grasping and sucking easily available objects olivia is clearly in Piagest ____ stage A preoperational B concrete operational C sensorimotor D formal operational

C

Replication of research study is most likely to be facilitated by A random sampling B debriefing C operational definitions D the placebo effect

C

Three year olds who experienced a fire evaluation caused by a burring popcorn maker were unable to remember the cause of this vivd event when they were 10 year olds. This best illustrates A habituation B assimilation C infantile amnesia D a critical period

C

To assess attachment differences among infants Mary Ainsworth placed them in a laboratory setting called a A formal operation stage B rite of passage C strange situation D schema

C

To study the effects of lighting on mood dr Cooper had students fill out questionnaires in brightly lit or dimly lit room. In this study the independent variable consisted of A the number of students assigned to each group B the students responses to the questionnaire C the room lighting D the subject matter of the questions asked

C

Two characteristics of authoritarian parents are that they A expect obedience but are responsive to their children's needs B submit to their children's desires but are unresponsive in times of need C impose rules and expected obedience D exert control by setting rules and explaining the reasons for those rules

C

Unlike ducklings children do not imprint. Their fondness for certain people however, is fostered by A conservation B egocentrism C mere exposure D infantile amnesia

C

When you read a bar graph it is most important for you to A mentally transform the data into a scatterplot B identify the value of the standard deviation C note the range and size of the scale values D remember that correlation facilitates prediction

C

Which measure of central tendency is used to calculate the average of your school grades? A standard deviation B median C mean D mode

C

Which of the following is a a measure of the degree of variation among a set of scores? A mean B scatterplot C standard deviation D correlation coefficient

C

Which of the following represents the correct order of pianist stages of cognitive development? A pre operational, concrete operational, formal operational, concrete operational B sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational C sensorimotor, preperational, concrete operational, formal operational D preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, Formal operational

C

With repeated presentations of a bright red toy 2 month old anita began to respond with less visual attention to the toy. Her decreasing responsiveness best illustrates A egocentrism B infantile amnesia C habituation D object permanence

C

when every individual in an large population has a small but equal chance of being included in a survey researchers are using a procedure known as A the case study B the double blind procedure C random sampling D naturalistic observation

C

Which method offers the most reliable way of assessing whether athletic performance is boosted by caffeine consumption? A. the survey B. the case study C. the experiment D. Naturalistic observation

C.

A critical period is a phase during which A children frequently disobey and resist their parents B children become able to think hypothetically and reason abstractly C parents frequently show impatience with a child's slowness in becoming toilet trained. D exposure to certain experiences is needed for proper development

D

A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment is called a A wording effect B correlation coefficient C placebo effect D confounding variable

D

A failure to practice important motor skills can result in a loss of agility because unused neural connection A habituate B assimilate C imprint D are pruned

D

A teratogen is a (n) A fertilized egg that undergoes rapid cell division B unbron child with one or more physical defects or abnormalities C chromosomal abnormality D substance that can cross the placental barrier and harm an unborn child

D

About 8 months children become increasingly likely to react to new comers with tears and distress. This best illustrates A role confusion B insecure attachment C egocentrism D stranger anxiety

D

According to Piaget accommodation refers to A parental effort to include new children in the existing family structure B incorporating new experiences into existing schemas C developmental changes in a childs behavior that a ciliates social acceptance by family D adjusting current schmeas in order to make sense of new experiences

D

According to piaget, a child can represent things with words and images but cannot reasons with logic during the _____ stage A concrete operational B sensorimotor C formal operational D preoperational

D

After noting that a majority of professional basketball players are african american ervin concluded that African americans are better athletes than members of other racial groups. Ervin conclusion best illustrates the danger of A replication B random assignment C the placebo effect D generalizing from vivid cases

D

Brad and jane exercise very little control over their two young children and they usually allow them to do whatever they want. Psychologist would characterize Brad and jane as ______ parents A authoritarian B authoritative C conventional D permissive

D

For several months following a sudden and unexpected divorce henry was excessively preoccupied with thoughts of his ex wife. His reaction resulted from the disruption of A a critical period B conservation C object permanence D attachment

D

In a british study following over 7000 people from birth to adulthood those individuals whose fathers were most involved in parenting tended to demonstrate greater A role confusion B separation anxiety C egocentrism D academic achievement

D

In a test of the effect of sleep deprivation on problem solving skills research participants are allowed to sleep either 4or 8 hours on each of three consecutive nights. This research is an example of A naturalistic observation B survey research C a case study D an experiment

D

Marlys is a sensitive responsive parent who consistently satisfies the needs of Sara, her infant daughter. According to erikson, Sara is likely to A form a lifelong attitude of basic trust toward the world B encounter some difficulty in overcoming the limitation of egocentrism C encounter som difficulty in forming an attachement to her father D achieve formal operational intelligence more quickly than the average child

D

New borns have been observed to show the greatest visual interest in a A rectangular shape B circular shape C bulls eye pattern D facelike image

D

Participants in an experimental are said to be blind if they are uninformed about A the experimental hypothesis being tested B whether the experimental findings will be statistically significant C how the dependent variable is measured D which experimental treatment if any they are receiving

D

Differences between two samples are LEAST likely to be statistically significant if A the samples are small and standard deviations of the samples are small B the samples are large and the standard deviations of the samples are large C the samples are small and the standard deviations of the samples are large D the samples are large and the standard deviations of the samples are small

c

Most children who experience parental neglect or abuse manage to have socially meaningful and productive lives. This best illustrates A infantile amnesia B object permanence C conservation D resilience

d