mod 4 data collection, behavior/ decisions

example

"average number of times objects thrown during play time"

what are the 5 types of data that continuous data recording involve?

1. anecdotal recording 2. ABC recording 3. event/ freq recording 4. duration recording 5. latency recording

Bar graphs are useful for what? 2 reasons:

1. plotting discontinuous data? 2. comparing prompt levels needed to perform a skill

5. force

how strong/ the strength that a child does something. like banging their head on the wall and creating a dent in it.

define target behavior

is a behavior of interest

2. ABC- the C part

is where you write down what happened as a result of the behavior? who reacted? what was the reaction? etc etc

Which of the following is a drawback of probe data? a. It is more accurate. b. It is less accurate. c. It is difficult to implement. d. It is easy to implement.

a. It is less accurate.

6. locus

where is the location where the child's problem behavior occurred?

new topic- what is permanent product recording?

where you record the products that a behavior destroyed. (SIB)

for these graphs, what does the x and y axis typically represent?

x typically represents the time y typically represents how many times the behavior happened?/ AVERAGE number of times it happened (in bar graphs)

do they have phase lines?

yes but it's not phases, it's lines that divide the TIME PERIODS of when you collected the continuous cumulative data.

Which of the following data recording procedures is best used for behaviors that have a clear ending and beginning, do not occur throughout an interval, but still occur at high rates? a. Partial interval b. Time sampling c.. Whole interval d. Duration

a. Partial interval

does time matter in freq recording?

yes! you have to do the freq of behavior/ the time period to get a rate of response. dif time intervals and how many times a behavior occurs between the interval really matters on how severe the behavior is.

what can you add in a line graph?

you can add PHASE CHANGES baseline behavior, phase change line, intervention behavior or it's for: 1st intervention behavior, phase change line, 2nd intervention behavior

3. event/ freq recording - what is something you have to watch out? what is a tip to record these behaviors?

you have to make sure that it is a DISCRETE behavior you're recording. that has a clear start and end. take tally marks!

Phase change lines indicate: a. The point in which the behavior is fluent b. The division between one condition and another c. The division between one phase of time and another d. The point in which the behavior is no longer tolerable

b. The division between one condition and another

If a learner is requiring more and more prompting to perform a skill, the first concern is: a. The learner is losing cognitive ability. b. The learner is becoming prompt dependent. c. The staff member is not trained. d. The staff member is not willing to implement the skill program.

b. The learner is becoming prompt dependent.

duration and latency recording both involve a. frequency b. time c. undesirable behavior d. rate

b. time

example

cumulative independent requests of candy, chips, juice (all in one graph, seperate by a vertical phase line, continuing off each other) or cumulative answering social questions graph shows the learner asking : how are you, weather questions, and plans for later questions

which of the following should be recorded on a naturalistic intervention data collection sheet?

a. target behavior, prompt level, activity, materials, and number of times the target behavior was addressed

Data are plotted on line graphs according to: a. The number of instances of the behavior across time b. The cumulative number of behaviors across time c. Baseline and intervention averages of behavior d. Intensity of behavior over time

a. The number of instances of the behavior across time

what are the two categories of data collection methods?

a. continuous data recording (every instance of a behavior will be recorded) b. discontinuous data recording (not every instance will be recorded)

which of the following is the best definition of data? a. data is a quantifiable dimension of a behavior b. data is a number assigned to the display of a behavior c. data is qualitative dimension of a behavior d. data is any dimension of a behavior

a. data is a quantifiable dimension of a behavior

The x axis on a graph is: a. Horizontal and is also called the data point b. Horizontal and is also called the abscissac. Vertical and is also called the ordinate d. Vertical and is also called the behavior line

b. Horizontal and is also called the abscissac.

Which of the following is true about data collection? a. It is sometimes necessary so more can be understood about behavior. b. It is the foundation for creating behavioral interventions. c. It is not always necessary to implement for intervention purposes. d. It is only necessary when the behavior cannot be clearly understood.

b. It is the foundation for creating behavioral interventions.

Which of the following types of graphs are most preferred in the field of ABA? a. Bar graphs b. Line graphs c. Cumulative graphs d. Histograms

b. Line graphs

Why would the prompt level necessary to perform the skill be an important part of data collection? a. So the learner knows how well they are performing the skill b. Skills performed with prompts are not mastered until they are performed without prompts c. So the data will be ready for others to review it d. Skills performed with prompts are mastered if the individual cannot perform them that way otherwise

b. Skills performed with prompts are not mastered until they are performed without prompts

event recording is a. the same thing as anecdotal recording b. the same thing as frequency recording c. only used when the behavior is unclear d. used for determining how long a behavior lasts

b. the same thing as frequency recording

when are discontinuous data collection measures used? a. when the rate of behavior is not a concern b. when behaviors occur at such high rates it would be very hard to get an accurate count c. when behaviors occur at low rates and have a clear beginning and end. d. when behaviors occur at high rates and do not pose a disruption to the classroom environment.

b. when behaviors occur at such high rates it would be very hard to get an accurate count

buster alternates between quiet and loud humming. which behavior recording method would be best to use? a. partial interval b. whole interval c. time sampling d. permanent product

b. whole interval bc it is hard to hear him humming at times

A trend that ascends from left to right means: a. A behavior is decreasing b. A behavior is leveling out c. A behavior is increasing d. There is not enough data to tell

c. A behavior is increasing

Which of the following is operationally defined? a. Having a tantrum during class b. Being non-compliant with teacher directions c. Hitting so hard a picture fell off the wall d. Inattentive during a play

c. Hitting so hard a picture fell off the wall

A disadvantage of bar graphs is: a. They are simple to interpret. b. They are cumbersome to make. c. The variability of data can be lost. d. The total number of a behavior cannot be estimated.

c. The variability of data can be lost.

Susan records data after every discrete trial she delivers. What type of data recording is this? a. Frequency b. Probe c. Trial by trial d. Naturalistic

c. Trial by trial

which of the following is true about trial by trial data collection? a. data on the first 3 trials are collect b. it is always a convenient way to collect data c. data are recorded on each trial presented d. data are always more accurate when collected this way.

c. data are recorded on each trial presented

which type of graph provides the most information about variability in the data? a. bar graph b. cumulative graph c. line graph d. baseline graph

c. line graph

Which of the following graphs indicate the total number of behaviors in an additive fashion? a. Bar graphs b. Line graphs c. Histograms d. Cumulative graphs

d. Cumulative graphs

new topic- natural techniques, what is it?

it involves using the learners interests and behaviors to drive the intervention session. using something motivating, such as the environment the learner is in, to implement the intervention. (being in the playroom and being taught to knock on the playhouse in the motivating environment the child is already in)

which graph is the most commonly used in ABA ?

line graphs

what does visual inspection mean?

looking at data in the forms of graphs to see the progress.

what are the 6 types of behavior dimensions you should take data on ?

1. rate 2. duration 3. latency 4. topography 5. force 6. locus

2. ABC recording- tips on HOW TO RECORD THE A PART.

1. record the B first, and then go back to think what could be the A that triggered the B. 2. when thinking about A's, focus on the interactions of other people before the B happened.

new topic- discrete trials 1. trial by trial what is it? 2. probe data, what is it?

1. trial by trial- take down data after every single trial. 2. take down data in the first 1-3 trials and if behavior is performed independently in the 1-3 trials= mastered skill!

what are the 3 types of discontinuous data recording?

1. whole interval 2. partial interval 3. time sampling

Which of the following describes how probe data is collected? a. Collect data on each trial and discontinue data collection after 10 correct trials. b. Collect data on the first 12 trials and then discontinue data collection. c. Collect data on each trial that was performed with prompts. d. Collect data on the first 3 trials and if responding is independent, discontinue data collection.

d. Collect data on the first 3 trials and if responding is independent, discontinue data collection.

continuous data recording involves a. recording most instances of behavior b. recording some instances of a behavior c. recording all behaviors that occur in a classroom setting d. recording all instances of a behavior

d. recording all instances of a behavior

when is it a good time to record the data?

during the intertrial phase where the child could be playing with their reinforcer.

1. anecdotal recording

focus on recording information on the environment and what's around it, who's around it, and the situation

4. topography

how a behavior looks on the outside. such as a tantrum looks like a child crying and kicking on the floor etc.

1. rate

how many times a behavior occurred over a time interval #/time= rate of behavior

examples include

location, the people there, the activity that is occurring, noise level and distractors of the environment what happened before, during, after the behavior, how did the other people respond to the behavior?

what is the mathematical way to calculate whole interval?

number of behaviors that happened the entire interval/ the numbers of total intervals you recorded.

1. whole interval

only mark the behavior if it occurs throughout the entire interval. you have to really pay attention during the entire observation session

2. partial interval does it over or under estimate?

overestimate, we want to decrease the behavior?

what are cumulative graphs?

points of a line are added to a previous data set on the same graph. it shows a progress and prediction toward a predetermined number of behaviors that should be demonstrated.

2. ABC recording- tips on how to record B.

record both the desirable and undesirable occurrences. record enough instances of behavior to get a clear picture of what's going on and why the child is engaging in their behaviors.

when is a bar graph used?

to SUMMARIZE data. using AVERAGES to show the overall effectiveness of a treatment.

when is it a good time to use cumulative data?

to show that the sum of the behavior increases : overtime, the number of word approximation increases= the rate of the learner's use of words is increasing too. the line show always be heading up each phase time period!

when is it a good time to use line graphs?

ues it when there is moment to moment changes, and you want to show variability/ trends.

does whole interval under or over estimate?

underestimates the behavior bc we want to increase it

what is one tip to clearly define behavior?

use the dead man's test. if a dead man can do it, then it's not a behavior. target behavior also must be observable, repeatable, and measurable. you have to be DOING something and not BEING some way.

do bar graphs also us phase changing lines?

yes! baseline, phase change line in the middle, the intervention