Mod 40-42
Xanax and Ativan are ________ drugs.
Antianxiety
Melissa suffers from auditory hallucinations and falsely believes that her former high school teachers are trying to kill her. Melissa's symptoms are most likely to be relieved by ________ drugs.
Antipsychotic
Sluggishness, tremors, and twitches similar to those of Parkinson's disease are most likely to be associated with the excessive use of certain ________ drugs.
Antipsychotic
Which drug sometimes helps patients exhibiting negative symptoms of schizophrenia such as apathy and withdrawal?
Clozaril
Kammy vividly imagines being abused by her own mother while her therapist triggers eye movements by waving a finger in front of Kammy's eyes. The therapist is apparently using a technique known as:
EMDR
Rapidly moving one's eyes while recalling traumatic experiences is most descriptive of:
EMDR
The first psychological therapy was introduced by
Freud
Xanax would most likely be prescribed in order to help:
Jerome overcome feelings of nervous apprehension and an inability to relax.
Edith, a 45-year-old journalist, alternates between extreme sadness and lethargy and extreme euphoria and overactivity. The drug most likely to prove beneficial to her is:
Lithium
Which of the following is the best description of behavior modification?
People's actions are influenced by controlling the consequences of those actions.
Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from Prozac?
Shannon, who feels helpless and apathetic and thinks her life is meaningless and worthless
Psychoanalysts are most likely to view patient transference as:
a helpful aid to the process of therapy
An important feature of client-centered therapy is:
active listening
When Murli told his therapist, "I came to see what you could do for me," the therapist responded, "It sounds like you're feeling you need some help. Am I right?" The therapist's response illustrates the technique of:
active listening
One good alternative to antidepressant drugs is
aerobic exercise
Which drugs appear to produce therapeutic effects by blocking receptor sites for dopamine?
antipsychotic drugs
Connor is constantly chewing tobacco. In order to reduce his appetite for this product, a behavior therapist would most likely use:
aversive conditioning
In treating alcoholism, therapists have clients consume alcohol that contains a nausea-producing drug. This technique is known as:
aversive conditioning
In which form of therapy is unwanted behavior systematically associated with unpleasant experiences?
aversive conditioning
Replacing a negative response with a positive response is to systematic desensitization as replacing a positive response with a negative response is to:
aversive conditioning
To help Claire quit smoking, a therapist delivers an electric shock to her arm each time she smokes a cigarette. The therapist is using:
aversive conditioning
Ron is a 22-year-old mechanic who suffers from claustrophobia. The most effective way to treat Ron's problem would involve ________ therapy.
behavior
The healing power of insight and self-awareness is least likely to be emphasized by ________ therapists.
behavior
Critics of ________ have expressed a concern that appropriate patient behaviors will disappear following the discontinuation of a token economy.
behavior modification
Reinforcing desired behaviors and withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors is most central to the process of:
behavior modification
In one treatment for bed-wetting, the child sleeps on a liquid-sensitive pad that when wet, triggers an alarm and awakens the child. This treatment is a form of:
behavior therapy
Psychological research on the principles of learning has most directly influenced the development of:
behavior therapy
One perspective in clinical psychology proposes that adaptive and abnormal behaviors can be developed through similar processes. Which of the following terms best characterizes this approach to abnormal behavior?
behavioral
A psychotherapist who believes that deviant behavior can be traced either to genetic anomalies or problems in the physical structure of the brain most likely subscribes to which of the following views of abnormality?
biomedical
Mental health therapies that involve prescribed drugs or other procedures that act directly on a patient's nervous system are:
biomedical therapies
Professor Bensfield emphasizes that recovery from bipolar disorder involves a continuous interplay among patients' physical reactions to mood-stabilizing drugs, their positive expectations that their lives will improve, and the supportive responses of patients' families and friends. The professor's emphasis best illustrates a(n) ________ approach to therapy.
biopsychosocial
Treating our mind and body as independent entities seems especially inappropriate to those who take a ________ approach to therapy.
biopsychosocial
According to psychoanalysts, resistance refers to the:
blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material during therapy
Psychodynamic therapy is ________ than traditional psychoanalysis.
briefer
Behaviorally oriented therapists seek to modify a client's behavior by
changing the contingencies of reinforcement for the client
A common ingredient underlying the success of diverse psychotherapies is the:
client's expectation that psychotherapy will make things better
Empathic understanding of the patient's subjective experiences is a major goal of a:
client-centered therapist
During a marriage counseling session, the therapist suggests to Mr. and Mrs. Gallo that they each restate their spouse's comments before making their own. The therapist was applying a technique most closely associated with:
client-centered therapy
Which therapeutic approach relies most heavily on patients' discovering their own ways of effectively dealing with their difficulties?
client-centered therapy
Therapists' perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy are likely to be misleading because:
clients typically emphasize their problems at the start of therapy and their well-being at the end of therapy
Electroconvulsive therapy has been most successful in the treatment of
clinical depression
Psychologists with expertise in research, the assessment of psychological disorders, and the practice of psychotherapy are typically:
clinical psychologists
Although originally trained in Freudian techniques, Aaron Beck developed a ________ therapy for depression.
cognitive
An integrated therapy that aims to modify both self-defeating thinking and maladaptive actions is known as:
cognitive behavior therapy
Melanie's therapist suggests that when she feels anxious, Melanie should attribute her arousal to her highly reactive nervous system and shift her attention to playing a game with her preschool child. This suggestion best illustrates:
cognitive behavior therapy
The assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions is most clearly central to:
cognitive therapies
Dylan is a college sophomore who feels so incompetent that he believes his life is worthless and hopeless. Dylan would profit the most from:
cognitive therapy
Which therapeutic approach emphasizes that people are often disturbed because of their negative interpretations of events?
cognitive therapy
In classical conditioning therapies, maladaptive symptoms are usually considered to be:
conditioned responses
In rational-emotive therapy, the therapist helps clients by
confronting clients with their faulty logic
The goal of rational-emotive therapy is to help clients
correct self-defeating thoughts about their lives
A procedure that trains people to make new responses to stimuli that currently trigger unwanted responses is called
counterconditioning
Benny's mother tries to reduce his fear of sailing by giving the 3-year-old his favorite candy as soon as they board the boat. The mother's strategy best illustrates:
counterconditioning
The release of those with mental disorders from mental hospitals for the purpose of treating them in their home communities is called
deinstitutionalization
Electroconvulsive therapy has proven to be effective in the treatment of:
depression
Light exposure therapy was developed to relieve symptoms of:
depression
Selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors are frequently prescribed for the treatment of:
depression
Psychoanalysts would be most likely to discourage patients from:
discontinuing psychotherapy whenever they felt it was no longer necessary
Tardive dyskinesia is often associated with long-term use of drugs that occupy certain ________ receptor sites.
dopamine
One group of ocean voyagers is given a new but untested pill for seasickness and a second group is given an inactive pill. Neither the voyagers nor the experimental researchers know which group has received the new pill. In this experiment, the investigators are making use of:
double-blind technique
Dr. Genscher believes that most psychological disorders result from chemical abnormalities. In her work as a therapist, Dr. Genscher is most likely to make use of:
drug therapies
Which form of therapy has most directly contributed to the sharp reduction in the number of residents in U.S. mental hospitals?
drug therapy
Psychopharmacology involves the study of how:
drugs affect mind and behavior
Dr. Byrne is a clinical psychologist who often uses operant conditioning techniques to treat her clients. She also encourages them to modify their thought patterns, and on occasion she interprets their transference behaviors. Dr. Byrne's therapeutic approach would best be described as:
eclectic
Adelle's feelings of unhappiness, low self-esteem, and hopelessness have become so extreme that she has attempted suicide. Which of the following treatments is likely to provide her with the quickest relief from her misery?
electroconvulsive therapy
Which of the following procedures is most likely to result in a loss of memory?
electroconvulsive therapy
Group therapy is typically more effective than individual therapy for:
enabling people to discover that others have problems similar to their own
Thirty-nine studies compared treatment offered by professional therapists with treatment offered by paraprofessionals. A statistical analysis of these studies indicated that paraprofessionals were typically:
equally effective as professionals even when dealing with disturbed adults.
Preventive mental health attempts to reduce the incidence of psychological disorders by:
establishing programs to alleviate poverty and other demoralizing situations.
In 1924, Mary Cover Jones reported that 3-year-old Peter lost his fear of rabbits when one was repeatedly presented while he was eating a tasty snack. This episode best illustrated the potential usefulness of:
exposure therapies
Controlled research studies indicate that the value of EMDR is in part due to the effectiveness of:
exposure therapy
Systematic desensitization is a form of:
exposure therapy
Transference refers to a client's:
expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier life relationships.
Which form of therapy is most likely to emphasize the importance of examining a person's role within a social system?
family therapy
A central therapeutic technique of psychoanalysis is:
free association
When Molly told her therapist about her frightening car accident, the therapist instructed her to close her eyes and verbalize any further thoughts stimulated by this experience, even if they were scary or embarrassing. The therapist was making use of a technique known as:
free association
Carl Rogers encouraged client-centered therapists to ______ during the process of therapy.
genuinely express their own true feelings
The role of the therapist in cognitive therapy is to
identify the client's irrational beliefs and provide alternative ways of believing
Which form of therapy would most likely help depressed patients by teaching them how to resolve disagreements with their friends?
interpersonal psychotherapy
Psychodynamic therapies try to understand patients' current symptoms by focusing on recurring patterns in their:
interpersonal relationships
Patients' reports indicate that people's level of satisfaction with psychotherapy:
is unrelated to the level of training and experience of their therapists
Inserting a medical instrument through each eye socket was part of a procedure known as:
lobotomy
Research on electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has shown that it is most effective for treating which of the following disorders?
major depressive
Lithium is often an effective ________ drug.
mood-stabilizing
One possible explanation for the delayed effect of antidepressant drugs is that the increased availability of serotonin seems to promote:
neurogenesis
In the 1950s, Hans Eysenck challenged the effectiveness of psychotherapy because it appeared to be:
no more beneficial than no treatment at all
The approach that has helped autistic children learn to function successfully in school involves:
operant conditioning
Double-blind studies enable researchers to assess the extent to which drug therapy outcomes are attributable to:
placebo effect
Mr. Gotanda mistakenly believed that a single intake interview in which he simply described his numerous symptoms to a therapist was a treatment for his distress. His immediate relief from many of his symptoms following this session best illustrates:
placebo effect
Unlike psychoanalytic therapists, humanistic therapists tend to focus on the ________ more than the ________.
present; past
Dr. Miller prescribes drugs for the treatment of chronic depression, and she encourages rest and relaxation training for clients suffering from excessive anxiety. It is most likely that Dr. Miller is a:
psychiatrist
Helping people gain insight into the unconscious origins of their disorder is a central aim of:
psychoanalysis
Mr. Choi's therapist wants to help him become aware of his conflicting childhood feelings of love and hate for his parents. The therapist's goal best reflects a primary aim of:
psychoanalysis
Which form of therapy is most likely to be criticized for offering interpretations that cannot be proven or disproven?
psychoanalysis
Which of the following therapists would most likely try to understand an adult's psychological disorder by exploring that person's childhood experiences?
psychoanalyst
Who would be most likely to anticipate that patients are often motivated to resist specific therapeutic instructions?
psychoanalyst
The least used biomedical intervention for changing behavior is:
psychosurgery
Although Albert Ellis and Allen Bergin disagree about the value of self-sacrifice and marital fidelity, as professional therapists they both agree that:
psychotherapists' personal values influence their practice of therapy.
Which of the following forms of therapy most likely involves a confrontational atmosphere between the therapist and client?
rational emotive therapy
Gina is so fearful of taking tests for college courses that she experiences mild anxiety when registering for a course, intense anxiety when studying for a test, and extreme anxiety when answering actual test questions. Her greatest fear, however, is experienced while waiting for a professor to hand out tests. During the process of systematically desensitizing her test anxiety, the therapist is likely to ask Gina first to imagine:
registering for a college course.
Systematic desensitization is based on the idea that ________ facilitates the elimination of fear.
relaxation
Psychosurgery involves
removing or destroying brain tissue
During psychotherapy, Leon would begin to stutter whenever he began discussing personally sensitive thoughts. Sigmund Freud would have been likely to interpret this stuttering as:
resistance
Behavior therapists emphasize which of the following in their treatment of clients?
responses that have been reinforced in the past
Light exposure therapy is most effective in treating
seasonal affective disorder
In one experiment, Asian-American clients were more likely to perceive counselor empathy if their counselor:
shared the clients' cultural values.
Cognitive therapists would be most likely to encourage depressed clients to:
stop blaming themselves for negative circumstances beyond their control.
A token economy is to operant conditioning as ________ is to classical conditioning.
systematic desensitization
Jonathan is afraid to ask a girl for a date, so his therapist instructs him to relax and simply imagine he is reaching for a telephone and then calling a potential date. The therapist's technique best illustrates the process of:
systematic desensitization
Which of the following behavior-therapy techniques is typically used to reduce fear of heights?
systematic desensitization
Which of the following exemplifies exposure therapy?
systematic desensitization
Humanistic therapists are likely to teach clients to:
take more responsibility for their own feelings and actions
People often enter psychotherapy during a period of crisis in their lives. This helps us understand why they:
tend to overestimate the effectiveness of their psychotherapy.
By earning a client's trust, empathic and caring therapists promote:
therapeutic alliance
"The technique reduces people to puppets controlled by therapists! It doesn't respect human freedom." This criticism is most likely to be directed at:
token economy
A teacher taught her students to take turns by giving them stars to trade for snacks at the end of the day. This technique is called
token economy
In order to encourage Mrs. Coleman, a withdrawn schizophrenia patient, to be more socially active, institutional staff members give her small plastic cards whenever she talks to someone. She is allowed to exchange these cards for candy and cigarettes. Staff members are making use of:
token economy
Systematic desensitization is to classical conditioning as ________ is to operant conditioning.
token economy
Lynn has begun to buy small gifts for her therapist, and she feels extremely jealous of the time he spends with his other patients. To a psychoanalyst, this is most indicative of:
transference
During the 1940s and 1950s, lobotomies were most likely to be performed on psychologically disordered patients who were:
uncontrollably violent
A therapist who takes an eclectic approach is one who:
uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic approaches
Which of the following techniques have behavior therapists used to help people overcome a fear of flying?
virtual reality exposure therapy
