modalities chapter 12

Cryotherapy is applied for __________ minutes or longer during __________ care to limit secondary injury by lowering metabolism in underlying tissues.

30, immediate

Proponents of (i.e., those who believe in) cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD) have incorrectly claimed that A. blood flow increases during ice application. B. blood flow increases following ice application. C. blood flow decreases following ice application

A & B

There is no such thing as immediate care (heat and/or cold applications) for which type of injury?

Chronic injuries

Understanding the relationship between cryotherapy and pain begins with the recognition that pain from three origins is involved, namely:

Cold pain, residual pain, and reinjury pain.

define cryokinetics

Cryokinetics is alternating cold applications with active exercise

To help eliminate confusion when comparing the use of cryotherapy right after an injury and the use of cryotherapy during rehabilitation, a clinician must understand that:

Cryotherapy applied right after an injury is part of first aid, while cryotherapy during rehabilitation is an adjunct to other therapy.

List two reasons why cryotherapy speeds up the rehabilitation process.

Cryotherapy decreases pain and decreases metabolism

Identify the goal of cryotherapy during immediate care in orthopedic injury management.

Decreased metabolism is the most important physiological response to cold during immediate care procedures because it limits secondary injury.

When cold modalities are used, a thermal gradient develops in the tissue during the movement of heat. List the following steps in the order which outlines this process. I. Heat is withdrawn from subcutaneous tissues. II. Heat is withdrawn from very deep tissues. III. Heat moves from the tissue into the cold modality. IV. Heat is withdrawn from intermediate tissues.

III, I, IV, II

Which of the following does NOT occur when cold is applied during rehabilitation of an acute injury?

Increased blood flow

Which of the following does NOT occur when cold is applied to an acute injury immediately after it occurred?

Increased blood flow

The phrase "cold-induced vasodilatation" was introduced by __________ to explain the changes in __________ that they/he observed.

Lewis, finger temperature

At all levels of care following orthopedic injuries, selecting the most appropriate therapeutic modality is a matter of:

Matching therapeutic goals with the body's response to the modality.

According to the research of Lewis concerning temperature responses to cold application, we would expect ankle temperature of an athlete to __________ following a 20-minute immersion in an ice water bath during a typical cryotherapy treatment that you administer in the AT clinic this afternoon. A. return toward normal B. increase many degrees above normal for 10-50 minutes and then decrease C. increase to a few degrees below normal for 10-50 minutes and then decrease D. begin a hunting reaction

NOT B&D

Which of the following occurs, but is not particularly beneficial, when heat is applied to an acute injury undergoing rehabilitation?

NOT Increased inflammation

All of the following modalities would be effective in reducing swelling after an injury, except:

RICES

Why should a clinician periodically swirl the water in an ice immersion bucket during treatment?

So that no heat pockets are formed around the patients injured body part. This will decrease the effectiveness of the treatment if heat is kept around the injured body part. By stirring the bucket, it decreases the succeptablity for these pockets to form 

Identify the cold application requiring the most intervention for minimization of cold pain, and name two of the three techniques commonly used by clinicians for managing cold pain.

The cold application that requires the most intervention for minimizing cold pain is ice immersion. One of the techniques used is toe caps. Toes caps eliminates pain in the toes and forefoot, which accounts for over 50% of the pain during ice immersion. Another technique is to refrain from using cryokinetics.

Why is contrast bath therapy, or the alternating immersion of the injured body part in hot and cold water baths, considered to be a flawed therapy by most clinicians?

This is considered flawed because there is no change in numbness in uninjured subjects when contrast therapy is used.

Identify the cold mechanism that causes tissue destruction.

Tissue distruction occurs at extreme temperatures (-4 to -94 degrees fahrenheit), such as with liquid nitrogen or the application of gel packs being placed directly on the skin.

The warming sensation some people feel during cold applications is due to

a psychological reaction.

Except in the case of a __________, cold applications have no effect in removing the cause of an injury.

arthrogenic muscle inhibition? no idea

What does the acronym CIVD stand for?

cold induced vasodilation

During cold application, heat moves by the process of __________.

conduction

Cold applications cause average blood flow to __________ when applied immediately after an injury and __________ when applied prior to rehabilitation exercises.

decrease, decrease

The most important therapeutic effect of cold applications during immediate care of acute injuries is

decreased metabolism.

The most important therapeutic effect of cold applications during rehabilitation is

decreased pain.

In which type of tissue does the temperature continue to decrease even after the cold modality is removed?

deep tissue

A gymnast comes to you needing treatment for acute muscle sprains. Which cryotherapeutic technique would you recommend?

ice or cold pack

List one physiological response of cold that is desirable in treating chronic injuries.

increase threshold for pain perception

One physiological effect of cryotherapy is tissue destruction. Name one potential application of this effect.

liquid nitrogen application is generally intentional so as to remove unwanted tissue, such as warts. The gel pack is usually accidental. 

__________ pumps, or devices for providing intermittent compression to a body segment for the purpose of lymphatic and venous drainage (reduced edema), have been formerly known as intermittent compression pumps, cold compression devices, pneumatic compression pumps, and intermittent compression devices.

lymphedema

Research indicates that the fluctuations in intramuscular temperature during contrast bath therapy are __________.

moderate (3-5°C)

Following 30-40 minutes of immersion in ice water, temperature in the finger returns to normal __________ the ankle and/but __________ the forearm.

more quickly than, more quickly than

The basic theory for using contrast baths for sports injury rehabilitation is that blood flow is __________ during contrast baths. One of the arguments against this therapy is that __________ accomplishes this task better.

pumped, active exercise

Redness of a limb resulting from cold applications is most likely due to

reduced oxygen exchange due to decreased metabolism.