Module 1 and 2 Test

Janna has low self esteem because she is often teased for being overweight. Which of the following best accounts for the complexity of Janna's difficulties?

a biopsychosocial approach

the fact that the same individual won the New Jersey lottery on two separate occasions best illustrates

a random outcome

Smiling is to feeling as ________ is to ________

behavior, mental processes

which psychologists are MOST likely to be involved in basic research?

cognitive psychologists

potential research participants are told enough about an upcoming study to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate. this illustrates the practice of seeking

informed consent

looking inward and reporting your immediate sensations, images, and feelings is called

introspection

the tendency to perceive order in random events often leads to overestimating the value of

intuition

formulating testable hypotheses before conducting research is most directly useful for restraining a thinking error

known as hindsight bias

by suggesting the nUrture works on what nAture provides, psychologists highlight the fact that we are biologically endowed with a capacity for

learning and adaption

megan was certain that she would never live far away from her family. However, when offered a better job in another state, she decided to move. Megan's experience best illustrates

overconfidence

our tendency to believe we know more than we do illustrates

overconfidence

psychologists study animals because

similar processes often underlie animal and human behavior

Rodesia insists that Dr. Phillip's theory of aggression be checked against observable evidence. She is demonstrating the scientific attitude of

skepticism

William James was a prominent American

functionalist

the nature-nurture issue refers to the debate over the relative contributions that _______ make to the development of psychological traits

genes and experience

Professor Smith told one class that drinking alcohol has been found to increase sexual desire. he informed another class that drinking alcohol has been found to reduce sexual appetite. The fact that neither class was surprised by the information they received best illustrates the power of

hindsight bias

several weeks after a political election, voters often exaggerate their ability to have predicted the election outcome. This best illustrates

hindsight bias

the scientific attitude of humility is most likely to be undermined by

hindsight bias

the view that psychology should be an objective science that studies observable behavior human activity without reference to mental processes is called

humanistic psychology

which psychologists are MOST likely to be involved in applied research?

industrial organizational psychologists

on a series of coin tosses, Oleg has correctly predicted heads or tails seven times in a row. in this instance, we can reasonably conclude that Oleg's predictive accuaracy

Is a random and coincidental ocurrence

which perspective would help us to understand the impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory?

neuroscience

who highlighted the reproductive advantages of environmentally adaptive traits?

Charles Darwin

which major force is psychology emphasized unconscious thought processes?

Freudian psychology

who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological Association?

Mary Whiton Calkins

mental processes

Wilhelm wundnt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of?

who was the American philosopher psychologist who wrote a textbook in 1890 for the emerging discipline of psychology?

William James

Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention to

adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions

contemporary psychology is best defined as the science of

behavior and mental processes

psychologists personal values and goals

can bias their own observations and interpretations

a questioning attitude regarding psychologists assumptions and hidden values best illustrates

critical thinking

assessing whether conclusions are warranted by the existing evidence best illustrates

critical thinking

when you question whether anecdotal evidence should be generalized to all people, you are applying?

critical thinking

the enduring traditions, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a large group of people constitutes their

culture

three key attitudes of scientific inquiry are

curiosity, skepticism, and humility

after an experiment, research participants are told its purpose and about any deception that may have experienced. this is called?

debriefing

in an effort to prevent participants in an experiment from trying to confirm the

deceive participants about the true purpose of an experiment

the simplified reality of laboratory experiments is most helpful by enabling psychologists to

develop general principles that help explain behavior

studying people of all races and cultures is most helpful for

discerning human similarities and differences

critical thinking is smart thinking that involves

evaluating evidence

Professor Crisman believes that most woman prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference promoted the survival of our ancestor's genes. This viewpoint best illustrates ____ perspective

evolutionary

psychological differences between the genders are

far outweighted by gender similarities

different accounts of the same behavior that together give us a more complete understanding represent different

levels of analysis

in the 1960's the cognitive revolution in psychology involved a renewal of interest in

mental processes

the survival of organisms best suited to a particular environment is known as

natural selection

efforts to discover whether the intelligence of children is more heavily influenced by their biology or by their home environments are most directly relevant to the debate about

nature and nurture

clinical psychologists specialize in

providing therapy to troubled people

the specialist most likely to have a medical degree is

psychiatrist

as with any scientific discipline, the findings of psychology can be harmful when

psychological knowledge can be used for destructive purposes

structuralism

the unreliability of introspection contributed to the waning popularity of