Module 1 and 2 Test
Janna has low self esteem because she is often teased for being overweight. Which of the following best accounts for the complexity of Janna's difficulties?
a biopsychosocial approach
the fact that the same individual won the New Jersey lottery on two separate occasions best illustrates
a random outcome
Smiling is to feeling as ________ is to ________
behavior, mental processes
which psychologists are MOST likely to be involved in basic research?
cognitive psychologists
potential research participants are told enough about an upcoming study to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate. this illustrates the practice of seeking
informed consent
looking inward and reporting your immediate sensations, images, and feelings is called
introspection
the tendency to perceive order in random events often leads to overestimating the value of
intuition
formulating testable hypotheses before conducting research is most directly useful for restraining a thinking error
known as hindsight bias
by suggesting the nUrture works on what nAture provides, psychologists highlight the fact that we are biologically endowed with a capacity for
learning and adaption
megan was certain that she would never live far away from her family. However, when offered a better job in another state, she decided to move. Megan's experience best illustrates
overconfidence
our tendency to believe we know more than we do illustrates
overconfidence
psychologists study animals because
similar processes often underlie animal and human behavior
Rodesia insists that Dr. Phillip's theory of aggression be checked against observable evidence. She is demonstrating the scientific attitude of
skepticism
William James was a prominent American
functionalist
the nature-nurture issue refers to the debate over the relative contributions that _______ make to the development of psychological traits
genes and experience
Professor Smith told one class that drinking alcohol has been found to increase sexual desire. he informed another class that drinking alcohol has been found to reduce sexual appetite. The fact that neither class was surprised by the information they received best illustrates the power of
hindsight bias
several weeks after a political election, voters often exaggerate their ability to have predicted the election outcome. This best illustrates
hindsight bias
the scientific attitude of humility is most likely to be undermined by
hindsight bias
the view that psychology should be an objective science that studies observable behavior human activity without reference to mental processes is called
humanistic psychology
which psychologists are MOST likely to be involved in applied research?
industrial organizational psychologists
on a series of coin tosses, Oleg has correctly predicted heads or tails seven times in a row. in this instance, we can reasonably conclude that Oleg's predictive accuaracy
Is a random and coincidental ocurrence
which perspective would help us to understand the impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory?
neuroscience
who highlighted the reproductive advantages of environmentally adaptive traits?
Charles Darwin
which major force is psychology emphasized unconscious thought processes?
Freudian psychology
who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological Association?
Mary Whiton Calkins
mental processes
Wilhelm wundnt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of?
who was the American philosopher psychologist who wrote a textbook in 1890 for the emerging discipline of psychology?
William James
Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention to
adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions
contemporary psychology is best defined as the science of
behavior and mental processes
psychologists personal values and goals
can bias their own observations and interpretations
a questioning attitude regarding psychologists assumptions and hidden values best illustrates
critical thinking
assessing whether conclusions are warranted by the existing evidence best illustrates
critical thinking
when you question whether anecdotal evidence should be generalized to all people, you are applying?
critical thinking
the enduring traditions, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a large group of people constitutes their
culture
three key attitudes of scientific inquiry are
curiosity, skepticism, and humility
after an experiment, research participants are told its purpose and about any deception that may have experienced. this is called?
debriefing
in an effort to prevent participants in an experiment from trying to confirm the
deceive participants about the true purpose of an experiment
the simplified reality of laboratory experiments is most helpful by enabling psychologists to
develop general principles that help explain behavior
studying people of all races and cultures is most helpful for
discerning human similarities and differences
critical thinking is smart thinking that involves
evaluating evidence
Professor Crisman believes that most woman prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference promoted the survival of our ancestor's genes. This viewpoint best illustrates ____ perspective
evolutionary
psychological differences between the genders are
far outweighted by gender similarities
different accounts of the same behavior that together give us a more complete understanding represent different
levels of analysis
in the 1960's the cognitive revolution in psychology involved a renewal of interest in
mental processes
the survival of organisms best suited to a particular environment is known as
natural selection
efforts to discover whether the intelligence of children is more heavily influenced by their biology or by their home environments are most directly relevant to the debate about
nature and nurture
clinical psychologists specialize in
providing therapy to troubled people
the specialist most likely to have a medical degree is
psychiatrist
as with any scientific discipline, the findings of psychology can be harmful when
psychological knowledge can be used for destructive purposes
structuralism
the unreliability of introspection contributed to the waning popularity of