Module 1

Bacteria:

-Bacilli -Prokaryotic organisms used in genetic engineering due to their simple genetic material

Protozoans:

-Ciliate

Helminths:

-Cysts in tissue

Algae:

-Photosynthetic -Photosynthetic organisms that may be used to produce alternative fuels

Viruses:

-Require electron microscopy for visualization

Fungi:

-Spores -Used by humans in the production of some antibiotics

Please select examples of ways microbes are involved in the earth's ecosystem. 1. Photosynthetic microbes capture energy from organic compounds. 2. Microbes produce "greenhouse gases," such as carbon dioxide and methane which help trap heat in the earth's atmosphere. 3. Microbes break down/decompose molecules in order to release needed chemicals. 4. Microbes make up the structure of higher organisms that exist within the ecosystem. 5. Microbes live within higher organisms and assist these organisms in obtaining nutrients.

2. Microbes produce "greenhouse gases," such as carbon dioxide and methane which help trap heat in the earth's atmosphere. 3. Microbes break down/decompose molecules in order to release needed chemicals. 5. Microbes live within higher organisms and assist these organisms in obtaining nutrients.

The field which studies the relationships between microbes and domestic plants and animals

Agricultural microbiology

The dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was:

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

The field which uses microbes to produce specific desired products

Biotechnology

____ is the breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds that can be directed back into the natural cycle of living things.

Decomposition

The field which is concerned with food-borne diseases as well as food and beverage production

Food and dairy microbiology

The field which manipulates DNA of an organism to create a new organism with a desired trait

Genetic engineering

The field which studies the protective reactions to microbial infections, examples include blood testing and vaccination

Immunology

The surgeon who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery was:

Joseph Lister

Who was instrumental in disproving the idea of abiogenesis?

Louis Pasteur

____ is a specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.

Microbiology

Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles?

Prokaryotic

Which microbes have a true nucleus?

Protists, Yeast

____ are the group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall.

Protozoa / protists / protozoans

Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis?

Robert Koch

Microorganisms are found in all natural habitats, such as deep beneath the polar ice caps and hot springs, as well as, in most artificial habitats including toxic waste dumps. T/F?

True

What microbe is not cellular (acellular) and is composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat?

Virus

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that:

a specific microbe is the cause of specific disease

Which of the following are prokaryotic microorganisms?

archaea, and bacteria

Which of the following microorganisms represent prokaryotic cell types?

bacteria

___ and ___ are microbes that live in complex associations with plants to assist them in obtaining water and nutrients.

bacteria, fungi

The major types of microorganisms or agents include which of the following?

bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, algae

Pasteur used swan-neck flasks in his experiments to prove that:

dust in air was a source of living microorganisms

Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells through the process of ____

endosymbiosis

Microbes are involved in the flow of which of the following?

energy

____ are heterotrophic unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.

fungi / fungus

Which group of microorganisms includes the parasitic worms?

helminths

Which of the following microorganisms are made up of eukaryotic cells?

helminths, fungi, protozoan

Spontaneous generation is the belief that:

living things arise from nonliving matter

Microbiology has many branches of study, including ____ which is the study of pathogenic protozoa, helminth worms, and certain insects..

parasitology

Microorganisms account for about 50% of the earth's ____ , which is the process that converts light energy from the sun into organic molecules for food.

photosynthesis

Mad cow disease and Creutzfeld-Jakob disease are caused by which of the following?

prions

Proteinaceous infectious particles are called ___

prions

The field dedicated to monitoring and controlling the spread of disease within a population

public health microbiology and epidemiology

Bacteriology:

the study of bacteria; small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms

Mycology:

the study of fungi; eukaryotic organisms that include yeasts and molds

Parasitology:

the study of parasites; traditionally including pathogenic protozoa and helminths

Protozoology:

the study of protozoa; a group of mostly single-celled eukaryotes

Phycology:

the study of simple photosynthetic eukaryotes, the algae; ranging from single-celled forms to large seaweeds

Virology:

the study of viruses; noncellular particles that parasitize cells

Microorganisms are ____, meaning they are found in all natural habitats as well as in most artificial habitats created by humans.

ubiquitous

Which are the most common microbes on earth?

viruses

Which of the following is not able to replicate on its own?

viruses

Which microbial agents are not classified under the Woese system?

viruses, prions