Module 1
Bacteria:
-Bacilli -Prokaryotic organisms used in genetic engineering due to their simple genetic material
Protozoans:
-Ciliate
Helminths:
-Cysts in tissue
Algae:
-Photosynthetic -Photosynthetic organisms that may be used to produce alternative fuels
Viruses:
-Require electron microscopy for visualization
Fungi:
-Spores -Used by humans in the production of some antibiotics
Please select examples of ways microbes are involved in the earth's ecosystem. 1. Photosynthetic microbes capture energy from organic compounds. 2. Microbes produce "greenhouse gases," such as carbon dioxide and methane which help trap heat in the earth's atmosphere. 3. Microbes break down/decompose molecules in order to release needed chemicals. 4. Microbes make up the structure of higher organisms that exist within the ecosystem. 5. Microbes live within higher organisms and assist these organisms in obtaining nutrients.
2. Microbes produce "greenhouse gases," such as carbon dioxide and methane which help trap heat in the earth's atmosphere. 3. Microbes break down/decompose molecules in order to release needed chemicals. 5. Microbes live within higher organisms and assist these organisms in obtaining nutrients.
The field which studies the relationships between microbes and domestic plants and animals
Agricultural microbiology
The dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was:
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
The field which uses microbes to produce specific desired products
Biotechnology
____ is the breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds that can be directed back into the natural cycle of living things.
Decomposition
The field which is concerned with food-borne diseases as well as food and beverage production
Food and dairy microbiology
The field which manipulates DNA of an organism to create a new organism with a desired trait
Genetic engineering
The field which studies the protective reactions to microbial infections, examples include blood testing and vaccination
Immunology
The surgeon who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery was:
Joseph Lister
Who was instrumental in disproving the idea of abiogenesis?
Louis Pasteur
____ is a specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.
Microbiology
Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles?
Prokaryotic
Which microbes have a true nucleus?
Protists, Yeast
____ are the group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall.
Protozoa / protists / protozoans
Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis?
Robert Koch
Microorganisms are found in all natural habitats, such as deep beneath the polar ice caps and hot springs, as well as, in most artificial habitats including toxic waste dumps. T/F?
True
What microbe is not cellular (acellular) and is composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat?
Virus
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that:
a specific microbe is the cause of specific disease
Which of the following are prokaryotic microorganisms?
archaea, and bacteria
Which of the following microorganisms represent prokaryotic cell types?
bacteria
___ and ___ are microbes that live in complex associations with plants to assist them in obtaining water and nutrients.
bacteria, fungi
The major types of microorganisms or agents include which of the following?
bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, algae
Pasteur used swan-neck flasks in his experiments to prove that:
dust in air was a source of living microorganisms
Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells through the process of ____
endosymbiosis
Microbes are involved in the flow of which of the following?
energy
____ are heterotrophic unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.
fungi / fungus
Which group of microorganisms includes the parasitic worms?
helminths
Which of the following microorganisms are made up of eukaryotic cells?
helminths, fungi, protozoan
Spontaneous generation is the belief that:
living things arise from nonliving matter
Microbiology has many branches of study, including ____ which is the study of pathogenic protozoa, helminth worms, and certain insects..
parasitology
Microorganisms account for about 50% of the earth's ____ , which is the process that converts light energy from the sun into organic molecules for food.
photosynthesis
Mad cow disease and Creutzfeld-Jakob disease are caused by which of the following?
prions
Proteinaceous infectious particles are called ___
prions
The field dedicated to monitoring and controlling the spread of disease within a population
public health microbiology and epidemiology
Bacteriology:
the study of bacteria; small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms
Mycology:
the study of fungi; eukaryotic organisms that include yeasts and molds
Parasitology:
the study of parasites; traditionally including pathogenic protozoa and helminths
Protozoology:
the study of protozoa; a group of mostly single-celled eukaryotes
Phycology:
the study of simple photosynthetic eukaryotes, the algae; ranging from single-celled forms to large seaweeds
Virology:
the study of viruses; noncellular particles that parasitize cells
Microorganisms are ____, meaning they are found in all natural habitats as well as in most artificial habitats created by humans.
ubiquitous
Which are the most common microbes on earth?
viruses
Which of the following is not able to replicate on its own?
viruses
Which microbial agents are not classified under the Woese system?
viruses, prions